3. RESPIRATION
Oxidation of organic substances to CO2 and water
Can be divided into 3 groups :
Autotrophic respiration / plant respiration.
Heterotrophic respiration / soil respiration.
Photorespiration.
5. DEFINITION OF
AUTOTROPHIC,
HETEROTROPHIC AND
PHOTORESPIRATION
6. AUTOTROPHIC
Capable of self-nourishment
Requires only minerals for growth
Uses carbonate or carbon dioxide as a source of
carbon and simple inorganic nitrogen as a nitrogen
source
Sources: GNU Webster's 1913
7. HETEROTROPHIC
Not self-sustaining
Dependent upon others for food.
Requires organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen
for nourishment
Sources: Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia and WordNet 3.0
8. PHOTORESPIRATION
Oxidation of carbohydrates in plants with the release
of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Happens on hot dry days when a plant is forced to
close its stomata to prevent excess water loss.
Sources: American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
10. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
Respiration: Oxidation of organic substances to CO2
and water
Defined as loss of photosynthetically fixed carbon lost
by internal plant metabolism
Byproduct are ATP and NADPH
11. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
Common chemical equation of autotrophic respiration
for glucose is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
The autotrophic respiration consists of:
• Growth Respiration
• Maintenance Respiration
14. GROWTH RESPIRATION
Growth - refers to the biosynthesis process within a
growing organ and related phloem transport,
excluding mineral uptake and nitrogen reduction
Includes the carbon cost of synthesizing new tissue
from glucose and minerals used for growth
Rate for various tissue differs depends on the their
compositions.
18. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
Refers to the CO2 released, or O2 consumed, during
basal rate of metabolism of usable energy used for:
Resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal
Maintenance of chemical gradients of ions and
metabolites across cellular membranes
Operation of metabolic processes involved in
physiological adjustment to a change in the plant's
environment
19. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
Temperature is the most important environmental
factor affecting maintenance respiration
The metabolic costs of the repair of injury from stress
(biotic/abiotic) also considered as part of maintenance
respiration
Essential for biological health and growth of plants,
sustain living tissues.
20. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
Key component of most physiologically based
mathematical models of plant growth, includes:
models of crop growth and yield
models of ecosystem primary production and carbon
balance
23. CONCLUSION
In sense of learning growth and maintenance
respiration in crop physiology, we can:
Learn mechanism used by plants to grow and maintain
its growth
Learn and predict the life cycle of a specific plant
How to maintain a specific plant growth to increase its
yield as well as its yield production longevity (important
for economic crop producers)
25. REFERENCES
BOOKS:
Julian Evans ,The Forests Handbook, An Overview of Forest Science (Google
Books), pg. 195 – 196.
J. J. Landsberg, S. T. Gower, Applications Of Physiological Ecology To Forest
Management (Google Books), pg. 139 – 140.
James I. L. Morison, Michael D. Morecroft, Plant Growth And Climate Change
(Google Books), pg. 197 – 198.
Richard H. Waring, S. W. Running, Forest Ecosystems: Analysis At Multiple
Scales (Google Books), pg. 67 – 69.
Christopher The, Introduction To Mathematical Modeling Of Crop Growth
(Google Books), pg. 144
26. REFERENCES
Theodore Thomas Kozlowski, Stephen G. Pallardy, Growth Control in Woody
Plants (Google Books), pg. 96 – 97.
Yin Xinyou, H. H. van Laar, Crop Systems Dynamics (Google Books), pg. 20.
Hans Lambers, Francis Stuart Chapin (III.), Francis Stuart Chapin, Thijs Leendert
Pons, Plant Physiological Ecology, Pg. 134 – 136.
INTERNET:
Peter Kolb, University of Montana, 5 October 2011, Tree Biology,
http://www.extension.org/pages/33616/tree-biology
Definitions of biological terms as well as its citation;
http://www.wordnik.com
27. REFERENCES
JOURNALS:
Michael G. Ryan, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 30
August 1989, Growth and Maintenance Respiration In Stems Of Pinus controta
and Picea engelmannii, Pg. 48 – 57
Markus Lötscher, Katja Klumpp and Hans Schnyder, Plant Science Department,
Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 1, D-85350 Freising-
Weihenstephan, Germany, Growth And Maintenance Respiration For Individual
Plants In Hierarchically Structured Canopies Of Medicago sativa And
Helianthus annuus : The Contribution Of Current And Old Assimilates