Nils Ferrand (IRSTEA) - 6th WGI Meeting (2-3 November 2015, Paris)

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http://watagame.info
© Nils.Ferrand@IRSTEA.fr , 2015
OECD
WGI
2015
Pleasedonotreproduce,photoortakeaway
OECD WGI workshop
on advanced participation
for water governance
Nils Ferrand & Patrice Garin, Emeline Hassenforder,
Benjamin Noury, Sylvie Morardet, Sophie Richard,
Delphine L’Aot, Bruno Bonté
UMR/JRU G-EAU Managing Water, Stakeholders & Uses
IRSTEA : French National Institute for Research and Technology
on Environment and Agriculture - Montpellier, FRANCE

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OECD
WGI
2015
Context of this session
• Session held on demand by the WGI board, in response to
members’ request during the last internal survey
– Organized by the Joint Research Unit « UMR G-EAU » (Gestion
Eau Acteurs Usages / Management of Water, Stakeholders & Uses)
a French public laboratory, expert in Water Governance and
Management, member of the WGI (with N. Ferrand, S. Richard, L.
Guerin-Schneider)  intervention on IRSTEA budget
– Facilitators for this session :
• Dr. Nils Ferrand, decision sciences, coordinator
• Delphine L’Aot, international development
• Dr. Emeline Hassenforder, participatory water governance
• Benjamin Noury, participatory water governance
• Dr. Sophie Richard, political scientist
• Dr. Patrice Garin, senior water scientist
• Dr. Sylvie Morardet, water economist
• Dr. Bruno Bonté, modeller

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OECD
WGI
2015
Aims of the session
• Consider new perspectives on participatory water
governance, including multi-level stakeholders
(together) & the general public
• Introduce some original and useful participation
methods, relevant for the water governance cycle.
Discover some of them in practical sessions
– Participatory modeling, simulation & planning
– Pre-participation  « participating about
governance processes »
• Discuss needs and perspectives
(NOT an overview, a course or an expert group)

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OECD
WGI
2015
OECD principles from a participatory perspective
Participatory !?
Participatory !?
Participatory !?

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WGI
2015
Workshop Schedule & Organization
• 14:30-14:50 Welcome and workshop introduction
• 14:50-15:45 Practical approach of participatory methods
• 15:45-16:40 Self-design of a participatory governance
process
• 16:40-16:50 Individual feedback questionaire
• 16:50-17:30 General discussion
Working in small groups (6) with guidelines & material on your
table and with our assistance.

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WGI
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Decision & Action Cycle
Identification of
a social-environmental issue
Situation assessment & modelling, stakeholder
analysis, preferences elicitation, data collection…
Solution development
Operational planning, decision making
process, strategy, solution testing,
monitoring & evaluation design
Solution implementation
Engineering implementation, monitoring
Expansion
Final evaluation, scaling up,
dissemination, sustainability of the
implemented activities
DECISION &
ACTION CYCLE
Source: http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/OECD-
Principles-on-Water-Governance-brochure.pdf

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WGI
2015
an
Many rationales for
participation
Create ownership
Build trust
Empower communities
Educate and raise awareness Collect local data and knowledge
Develop appropriate activities
Gather various options and ideas
Establish new cooperation
Strengthen the effectiveness of the intervention
OECD report on Stakeholder Engagement for
Inclusive Water Governance: “there are many
economic, environmental and social benefits to
be gained from effectively engaging
stakeholders in water policies and projects”.
…
Resolve conflicts
Support engagement and institutional emergence

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WGI
2015
IDENTIFICATION
Engage the relevant stakeholders?
Reveal and share representations?
Collect local data and information?
Frame and structure objectives?
How can we strengthen participation throughout the cycle?
DEVELOPMENT
Prepare a decision making protocol ?
Elaborate participatory planning?
Explore and test various scenarios?
Develop a shared Monitoring and
Evaluation (M&E) strategy?
IMPLEMENTATION
Engage stakeholders in autonomous
transformation and its M&E?
EXPANSION
Transfer the responsibilities ?
Autonomise the duplication
of the intervention?
Support policy makers to
lead the scaling out?
Resolve the use of Internet?
HOW CAN
WE?

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OECD
WGI
2015
UN - Non-Governmental Liaison
Service (sept. 2013) recommendations
“f). Recognize civil society as a key
partner in identifying issues, informing
policies and achieving goals; and in
monitoring and evaluating
implementation, by mainstreaming
participatory processes at various
levels of policy-making, including the provision of access to
information; <…>
h) Adopt mechanisms and allocate resources to ensure that
civil society, including associations of vulnerable and
marginalized people, have the capacity to engage meaningfully
in decision-making processes”

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WGI
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P.W.G. : a wide range of actions, investigations & results
Several methods / tools
• Generic / procedural
 Focus groups, citizen jury, deliberative polling,
open forum, world café, forum theater, e-fora,
PPGIS, town meeting, e-voting, …
• Targeted at Participatory…
 Political framing, Establishing principles or aims
 Setting of Decision Agenda, Rules and Arbitration
 Sensing / Mapping / Surveillance / Data collection
 Modeling / Diagnosis / Assessment
 Foresight / Future visioning
 Simulation: role playing games,
 Planning: proposing, integrating, selecting
 Monitoring & Evaluation
 Budgeting
 Funding
 Guarantee / Certification / Auditing
 Building / Construction / « Making » / Maintenance
 Policing / Control / Vigilance
 Constitution / Institutionalization
R&D Projects (e.g.)
• European Research:
HarmoniCOP, CatchMod,
Aquastress, Newater, SLIM,
GOVERN, WeSenseIt,
Gover-Nat, G-FORS, I-
FIVE, CADWAGO…
• International: CGIAR
CPWF, WLE, …
Various Aims / contexts
Integrated Water Management,
Restoration, Planning, Public
Utility Management (WASH),
Climate Change Adaptation,
Irrigation, Conflict resolution…

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WGI
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An innovative participation strategy and toolbox from Irstea : CoOPLAaGE
E.g., in a catchment, a group of water users would like to act to improve their situation and the
socio-environmental viability. Guided by a process manager, they cycle with various tools.
1
Preparing a governance protocol
Decide the principles and rules of the
emerging participation process.
2
Exploring Justice
Discuss the social justice
principles for sharing land
and water.
3
Creating a playable model
Prepare a local model for
participatory simulations of local
situation and new options.
4
Elaborating an integrated action plan
Propose and structure actions, and
then assess their coherency, feasibility
and efficiency
5
Testing and discussing plans
Experiment the plan with the
role playing game and validate a
joint adaptation strategy.
6
Monitoring and evaluation
Learn about the changes in
knowledge, preferences,
actions and relations

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WGI
2015
Example of Ugandan process in the AfroMaison project (2011-2014)
1 2
3
4
6
7
Procedural agreement Focal issue
Implementation plan
Modeling & plan testing
through game
Planning
Actions identification
5 Resource allocation
Monitoring & Evaluation

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WGI
2015
M&E: a vital principle for P.W.G. ?
OUTPUTS / OUTCOMES / IMPACTS
Normative (e.g. rules)
Cognitive (e.g. Views, perceptions)
Operational (e.g. practices)
Relational (e.g. trust)
...
CONTEXT
“INTERVENTION”
• Participatory Planning Process
• Implementation of Water
Governance Principles
• …
KNOW WHAT WE DO KNOW WHAT WE GET
Expectations
Questionnaires
Participatory observation
Interviews
Debriefing

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WGI
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Participatory modeling: the backbone for P.W.G. ?
Participatory modeling : when ALL actors design together the
relevant models (i.e. actionable representations) of their situation,
options, responses, plans, which they can use to explore, formalize
and engage in adaptation
– Yes, « they » can…
• Model their own complex hydro-social system
• Model their own decision values, procedure & rules
• Model their integrated multi-*** action plan & its impact
• Use the modeling (& simulation) process to support co-
engagement toward a shared future
&… No, we don’t need computers
 Simple transferable modeling
kit (e.g. INIWAG)

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OECD
WGI
2015
An innovative participation strategy and toolbox from Irstea : CoOPLAaGE
E.g., in a catchment, a group of water users would like to act to improve their situation and the
socio-environmental viability. Guided by a process manager, they cycle with various tools.
1
Preparing a governance protocol
Decide the principles and rules of the
emerging participation process.
2
Exploring Justice
Discuss the social justice
principles for sharing land
and water.
3
participatory simulations of local
situation and new options.
4
Elaborating an integrated action plan
Propose and structure actions, and
then assess their coherency, feasibility
and efficiency
5
Testing and discussing plans
Experiment / simulate the plan
with the role playing game and
validate a joint adaptation
strategy.
6
Monitoring and evaluation
Learn about the changes in
knowledge, preferences,
actions and relations
This workshop focus :

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WGI
2015
What we’ll do next :
Act « as if » you were real actors of a Water Catchment, to
explore some participatory methods
1. Discover this common (abstract) case study
2. Model it with a simple (but integrative) tool
3. Simulate 2 scenarios
4. Design an action plan
5. Consider participatory actions & integrate them in the
design of a decision procedure –hopefully participatory- for
water management
On the way, please comment, question on your individual
feedback form.

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WGI
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Let’s consider a generic (abstract) case study
« We live in a coastal region, in the Erhno catchment. Features :
• A large city (500.000 px), high demographic growth (immigration),
• Mixed agriculture with family farming, commercial orchards & wine
(developing irrigation), vegetables and corn,
• Intense & seasonal touristic activity near the coast,
• Petrochemical (seaside) and food industry,
• Brackish laguna with RAMSAR bird area downstream
• Mountains & forests upstream in the natural park,
• Large multi-purpose dam, hydroelectricity, tourism .
• Shallow aquifer downstream between the city and the coast
Issues:
Summer scarcity, mid-season floods, pollution peaks

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WGI
2015
Map
SEA
Erhno
Dam
Laguna
PetroChem
Wine
Wine
Orchards
Irrigation
Corn
Aquifer Food
Processing
unit

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WGI
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This catchment challenges
• For the last 15 years, recharge of the dam and the river
flow have clearly diminished, with impact on aquifer and
wetlands
• Family farming made difficult by low surface water access
• Water utilities in city should be expanded to match growth
• Irrigation demand grows (commercial) but limited network
• The two factories play a key economic role, but the
PetroChem plant is challenged after a pollution spillover
in the river and the protected laguna.
• Overarching regulations ask for ecosystems protection
 A new strategy for water and land management has
to be decided and implemented

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WGI
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Participate to explore participatory modeling
Please pick a role among:
1. Director of the Catchment & Water Agency
2. Mayor of the Heliopol city
3. Representative of the Environmental NGO
4. Delegate of the SmallHolders Farmers Association
5. Chair of the Commerce & Industry Chamber
6. « The People of Erhno » delegate (citizens’ group)
In the next steps, please try to react as you think this actor
would do in « real operations ».

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WGI
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participatory simulations of
local situation and new
options.
This Step :

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WGI
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Action 1 Participatory Modeling (15’)
Step 1.1
Map
Hydrosyst
Select and organize elements from the *catchment
mapping kit* to represent on your table your common
vision (map, model) of the water system. Fill the dam
bucket –if any- with 10 drops, mixed colors.
Step 1.2
Create
Create & add 1 or 2 new mapping elements if they
are missing (Use Post-It to draw or name them)
Step 1.3
Model
Land-use
Discuss, choose and install ~12~ *action cards* for
your model. Only one *action card* goes on one land
plot card.
Step 1.4
Audit
On the set situation, audit current operation cost for
each actor, as well as population, jobs and satisfaction.
 Get participants to build and share a common dynamic model of the
situation, including biophysical, social, economic & policy issues
 NOTA !!! This simplified version does not include management /
governance actions  please feel free to invent them

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WGI
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Reading / using an action card
Name
Pollution sensitivity
indicator
Operation cost
Water needs
Dry
Normal
Population Jobs
Returned water
Dry year
Normal year
Income
« Smiley »
« Angry »

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WGI
2015
This Step :
5 Testing and discussing plans
Experiment / simulate the plan with the
role playing game and validate a joint
adaptation strategy.

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WGI
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Action 2 Participatory Simulation (20’)
Step 2.1
Fill
river
Fill the *river bucket* with 15 water drops (blue). Put
it upstream your river system.
Step 2.2
Flow, use,
return…
Flow the *river bucket* step by step. Each user collects
water from it (no filter = no sorting !), « consumes »
it (for action), and returns directly *used water* (red
drops) to the bucket.
Step 2.3
Issues…
Not enough water ? Or water too polluted for your
activity ( max 50%, 0% !) ?  Failed activity !!
Step 2.4
Impacts
Monitor final economic situation (if successful) and
monitor the river and dam status (quantity, quality),
as well as other indicators. Anything else to observe ?
Step 2.5
Climate
change
Repeat a second similar round with only 10 drops.
Assess and discuss changing activities.
 Get participants to explore together the dynamics of the socio-hydro
system, to react and organize management & governance.
Normal
Climate
Drought

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WGI
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Monitoring results
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4
Climate Normal Dry
Operation costs Urban
Agriculture
Nature
Industry
Population
Labor
Input water
Outlet water Clean
Used
Income Urban
Agriculture
Nature
Industry
# Activ. Failed
Smileys #
Angrys #
Immeubles #
Maisons #
Friche urbaine #
Forêts #
Lande #
Fruits et Legumes #
Elevage industriel #

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WGI
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((( More Options if you wish and have time )))
Option 1
Add
Resources
Socio-hydrosystems do not run *only* on land, water,
labor and money  you can specify other resources:
e.g. food, energy, biodiversity, social willingness...
Actions « use » or « produce » them. And they evolve
in the natural or social environment. How ? Propose
processes & rules if required.
Option 2
Add
Actions
Many other actions can be proposed and used. Edit
*blank action cards* to specify you own. Agree on
values and specific rules.
Option 3
Add
Events
Scenarii ? External Drivers ? Add events which can
happen in time, as steps in the process or as random
events.
Many extensions are possible in the modeling process, considering needs,
participants, etc.

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Action 3 Integrative Planning CooPLAN (15’)
Step 3.1
Aim
Formulate aim(s) for your future catchment
management plan. Write on your *COOPLAN* banner.
Step 3.2
Propose
Every participant can propose up to 2 new options
(proposed interventions) using the *option model* card
Step 3.3
Integrate
Discuss to select some, and organize the sequence of
options in your *COOPLAN*.
Step 3.4
Assess
Discuss coherency, feasibility and efficiency, looking at
the *Requirements* (left) and *Impact* (right) sides
Option
Test
How would you test this strategy with the simulation?
 Get participants to build and discuss suitable actions, and integrate them
in coherent actions plans.

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Filling a CooPLAN Option Strip
CooPLAN Option Card ©Irstea, 2015 Resources Requirements (Qualitative) Individual Local Regional > Nat
COOPLAN
Investment
Operation
cost
LandUse
Water
Quantity
Water
Quality
Legal
Licenses
Social
support
Nature
Biodiversity
Political
willing
Other
Low + + + + + + + + + + +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +
Med ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +
High +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +
Anticipated impact / outcomes
Detail
Ecosystem
s
Water
Quantity
Water
quality
Flood
Protection
Citizens
Well-Being
Community
Life
Regional
Economy
Governance
Institutions
NAME
RainWater
Infiltration
Open area for
infiltrating water
to the aquifer
1. Naming the option proposal
& specify details
2. Specifying implementation level
3. Specifying the estimated levels /
intensity of resources (material or
immaterial) required for this option.
4 levels : 0 / + / ++ / ++++
Darken boxes with a marker
4. Describing the anticipated /
expected impacts for each criteria
 can be positive or negative

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CooPLAN Integration matrix
SCALEIndividual Local Regional > Nat Time Short
Mediu
m
Long Term
Equity
Justice
Ecosystem
s
Water
Quantity
Water
quality
Flood
Protection
CooPLAN matrix
Aim :
Detail
Citizens
Well-Being
Community
Life
Regional
Economy
Governance
Institutions
COOPLAN
Investment
Operation
cost
LandUse
Water
Quantity
Water
Quality
Legal
Licenses
Social
support
Nature
Biodiversity
Political
willing
Other
Equity
Justice
NAME
Ecosystem
s
Water
Quantity
Water
quality
Flood
Protection
Detail
Citizens
Well-Being
Community
Life
Regional
Economy
Governance
Institutions
Low + + + + + + + + + + +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Med ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2
High +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3
COOPLAN
Investment
Operation
cost
LandUse
Water
Quantity
Water
Quality
Legal
Licenses
Social
support
Nature
Biodiversity
Political
willing
Other
Low + + + + + + + + + + +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Med ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2
High +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3
COOPLAN
Investment
Operation
cost
LandUse
Water
Quantity
Water
Quality
Legal
Licenses
Social
support
Nature
Biodiversity
Political
willing
Other
Low + + + + + + + + + + +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Med ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2
High +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3
COOPLAN
Investment
Operation
cost
LandUse
Water
Quantity
Water
Quality
Legal
Licenses
Social
support
Nature
Biodiversity
Political
willing
Other
Low + + + + + + + + + + +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Med ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2 +2 -2
High +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3 +3 -3
Community
Life
Regional
Economy
Governance
Institutions
Equity
Justice
NAMEDetail
Ecosystem
s
Water
Quantity
Water
quality
Flood
Protection
Citizens
Well-Being
Community
Life
Regional
Economy
Governance
Institutions
Equity
Justice
NAME
Detail
Ecosystem
s
Water
Quantity
Water
quality
Flood
Protection
Citizens
Well-Being
Community
Life
Regional
Economy
Governance
Institutions
Equity
Justice
NAME Anticipated impact / outcomesNAME
Detail
Ecosystem
s
Water
Quantity
Water
quality
Flood
Protection
Citizens
Well-Being

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WGI
2015
Action 4: Get Ready for PrePar (10’)
Step 4.1
Consider the *Participatory Actions* and the
*Participatory Roles* cards. Discuss them.
Option
4.2
Propose
Use the *Participatory Action* template to add other
method(s) you want to propose. Explain them.
Option
4.3
Evaluate
Organize all of them on the feasibility / efficiency
matrix. Discuss.
 Get participants to understand possible participatory methods / tools
In the next phase (PrePar), you’ll have to decide how the
participatory process should be organized, with / by / for
whom, with which method, in order to get your water
management plan designed, agreed and implemented.

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WGI
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Action 5 Prepare Participation: PrePar (40’)
Step 5.1
Look at the multi-level *PRE-PAR chart*.
Understand: lines = scales, actors // columns = phases.
Step 5.2
For each phase, you can specify up to 2 sub-steps (or
not). Write captions on the headline with post-its.
Step 5.3
For each step, WRITE *participatory actions* and/or
*participatory role* (ref. cards) at their main
implementation scales. If multi-level, specify WHO is
engaged by *drawing* vertical lines or dots. Write
Outcomes on the bottom line.
Option
5.4
Add *Alert Stars* where you consider there is a risk /
contingency in the plan. Discuss solutions.
What happens in case of conflict during the process ?
 Get participants to build and agree on a plan and rules for decision and
participation, at different levels

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WGI
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Action 6 Individual feedback (10’)
Please fill the individual feedback
form on paper or online at :
http://pwg.watagame.info

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WGI
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Action 7 Global Discussion (40’)
In your address, please specify topic:
1. Pros & Cons of Fostering Wider
Participation for Water Governance
2. Value of new methods (please ref. to
*Participatory Action* cards)
3. Participation to design participation 
PrePar vs. usual engineering
4. Emerging needs and expectations

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THANK YOU !!!
All results will be shared through the OECD WGI coordination.

Nils Ferrand (IRSTEA) - 6th WGI Meeting (2-3 November 2015, Paris)

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