Skills
Bundle of knowledge, attributes and capacities that enable individuals to successfully and consistently perform an activity or task
Human Capital
Sum of all skills available within the country at a given point in time
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
The OECD Skills Strategy: Austria in perspective
1. The OECD Skills Strategy:
Austria in perspective
Joanne Caddy
OECD Directorate for Education and Skills
forum bmvit - Vienna, 11 June 2013
2. Major shifts in the demand for skills
Economy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (US)
40
45
50
55
60
65
1960 1970 1980 1990 2002
Routine manual
Nonroutine manual
Routine cognitive
Nonroutine analytic
Nonroutine interactiv
(Levy and Murnane, 2010)
Meantaskinputaspercentilesofthe1960taskdistribution
Dilemma facing schools:
The skills that are easiest to teach and
test are also the ones that are easiest to
digitise, automate and outsource
18
3. Skills are the new global currency
Supply of college graduates
-
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
China EU US
2006
2010
2015
2020
10
By 2020, there will be more
new graduates in China
than youth in Europe
19
4. 4
OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)
New focus on skills, not qualifications
5. skills.oecd
Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives
What do we mean by skills (or competencies)?
Skills
Bundle of knowledge, attributes and
capacities that enable individuals to
successfully and consistently perform
an activity or task
Human Capital
Sum of all skills available within the
country at a given point in time
OECD Skills Strategy (2012)
15. 15
…particularly with regard to STEM
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Proportion of graduates by fields of study, 2010
Health and welfare Agriculture
Education (ISC 14) Humanities and Arts
Social sciences, business and law Services
Engineering, manufacturing and construction Science
Source: Education at a Glance 2012
21. Older workers’ employment rates are below OECD
average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Labour force participation rate for people aged 55 to 64
2011 2007
22. 22
International migration accounts for 1/3 of new
entries into the working-age population…
Permanent-type migration as an
estimated % of new entries into
the working-age population, 2010
23. 23
Differences in employment rates are largest for
highly-educated immigrants
-20
-10
0
10
20
Low-educated Highly-educated
Difference in employment rate of foreign- and native-born populations by educational level,
2009-10, 15-64 (excluding persons still in education)
Immigrants
have higher
employment
rates
Immigrants
have lower
employment
rates
Differences are largest for those with foreign qualifications from non-OECD countries
25. 25
Employers face difficulties recruiting skilled workers
Source: Manpower, 2007 and 2012 Talent Shortage Surveys.
Employers facing difficulties recruiting skilled workers, 2007 and 2012
As a percentage of all employers
26. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Breakdown not available Professionals Technicians and associate professionals
HRST in 2008
Growth potential in science & technology professions
OECD calculations, based on EU Labour Force Survey; US Current Population Survey;
Australian, Canadian, Japanese and New Zealander labour force surveys, Korean Economically Active Population
Survey, China Labour Statistical Yearbook
Human resources in science and technology (HRST), 2010
As a percentage of total employment
27. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1995 2009
%
Share of ICT specialists now reaches EU average…
OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010
Share of ICT-specialists in the total economy, 1995 and 2009
As a percentage of total employment
28. …but share of women in ICT is below EU average
OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Women in ICT sector Women in ICT specialists
%