Total is involved in several projects developing oil and gas resources in extreme cold environments, including: 1) The Kashagan, Kharyaga, Shtokman, and Snøhvit fields. 2) Total operates an R&D organization to address technical challenges of these projects like low temperatures, ice, and permafrost. 3) Several challenges were outlined, including protecting the environment, extreme weather, winterization of equipment, and emergency response in remote areas.

1. Extreme cold challenges & experience from an
industry perspective …
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2. Outlook
! TOTAL’s current involment in extreme cold development
 Kashagan
 Kharyaga
 Shotkman
 Snøhvit
! R&D organization
! Technical challenges
! Conclusions
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4. TOTAL Assets
SNØHVIT
1000 km
1000 km
! Co-venturer in the development of huge
SHTOKMAN
field in the Caspian Sea area
KHARYAGA
KHARYAGA  Kashagan oil field (Kazakhstan)
 North Caspian PSA: TOTAL 16.81%
 First Oil: 2012
! Operator of an oil field in Russia
 Kharyaga oil field
 PSA: TOTAL 50% operator
 Producing from October 1999
KASHAGAN
KASHAGAN
! Snøhvit operated by Statoil: the first LNG plant to
be built in cold weather conditions in Europe
SHAH DENIZ
! Partner in an Operating Co. in Russia
 Shtokman gas field
 25% share of a SPC
 development and operation of Phase I
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5. Kashagan Island D in winter
37 Drilling Islands
240 wells
1.5mln bopd plateau production
Offshore & onshore processing and
Gas compression plants
8 to 9 m de haut (soit un
à 9 m height
immeuble de 3é tages)
NCOC Operator
Operator
wind
vent
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6. KHARYAGA
! Located in Timan Pechora, North Polar circle
! 1st onshore PSA signed in 1995 (Objects
2&3)
! TOTAL operator (50%), Statoil (40%), NOC
(10%)
! Complex carbonate reservoirs
! Waxy oil, with H2S content
! Production : 30 000 bopd
Experience on:
! Permafrost engineering and operation
! Working Conditions
 -53°C absolute minimum temperature
 important wind (annual mean 4.2 to 6.1 m/s with a
Kharyaga in winter (March) winter variation from 18 to 24 m/s)
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7. Snøhvit
! Three fields: Snøhvit, Albatross, and
Askeladd
! A 145- kilometer pipeline for gas to
Melkoya Island: processing,
liquefaction, storage and loading
facilities
! CO2 content: 5.3% Snøhvit, 7.9%
Albatross
Statoil 33.53 %
Petoro 30 %
Total 18.4 %
GdF 12 %
Amerada 3.26 %
Hess
RWE 2.8 %
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Novatek, Moscow, 28/10/2009

8. The Shtokman field
• Two main sandstone reservoirs: J0 & J1
• Sweet & lean gas
• 3.8 trillion Sm3 of natural gas
• 37 million tons of condensate
• Water depth ~ 340 m
• Rough seabed
• Harsh metocean conditions
• Possible packed ice and icebergs
• Min. air temperature: -15°C / -38°C
• Min. seabed temperature: -1.8°C
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9. Shtokman – Project description
! Gas & condensate field in the Russian
Barents sea
 Discovered in 1988
 IGIP: 3800 GSM3
 Water depth: 340m,
 Offshore at 550km from Kola peninsula
 Very good petrophysical properties
! Phased field development
 Phase 1: 7,5 MT/y LNG & 11 GSM3/y pipe gas
 Onshore plant at Teriberka
! A first class Russian project:
 Tie-in to the North Stream
 To satisfy LNG long term consumption growth
! SDag: Gazprom 51 % - TOTAL 25 % - Statoil
24 %
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11. Icebergs Management at Shtokman location
! Icebergs in open water and
embedded in Sea Ice, can come from
Franz Joseph Land and Novaya
Zemlya glaciers
! 220 icebergs observed around
Shtokman area over 48 years
! In 2003, more than 15 icebergs have
been observed close to Shtokman, 2
of them weighting more than 3 millions
tons.
! Collision with FPU ones in 110 years,
if not managed
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12. Extreme Cold R&D Organization
Projects
Advanced technology
R&D Yamal
Technical Departments
 Health & Safety for Arctic
Shtokman
Total R&D centers
 LNG (executed by ED/LNG)
 Arctic Engineering Kharyaga
& Technologies
Institutes
• JIP
• PhD
 Feedbacks & Scouting Snøhvit
• Collaborations …
 Environment
Others…
 Acquisition/ consolidation of an internal expertise
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13. Extreme cold Challenges
! Essential to preserve the environment in a sensitive
ecosystem
! Extreme weather conditions:
 Sea Ice and Icebergs
 Icing
 Polar night
 Low temperatures
 Permafrost area Polar low, Barents Sea, 27 Feb. 87
! Winterization (snow, icing, wind…)
 Construction, Installation & process integrity
 Personnel protection
! Remoteness - Transportation of personnel and equipment
! Emergency Evacuation and Rescue
 Different environments: wave and ice
 Offshore: floating platform too far from shore for evacuation by
helicopter,
 Onshore: ice road vs helicopter but seasonal restrictions…
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14. Outside work conditions & limitations
! Windchill affects temperature conditions,
Lowest T Wind
°C m/s
Kashagan -40 24
Khariaga -53 Mean 5.2
Max 38
Shtokman -40 28
Yamal -57 Max 32
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16. TOTAL approach to technical challenges
! Health & Safety
 Ongoing innovative R&D program on winterization of workplace modules,
 Development of knowledges to protect/facilitate work
 Design of logistics rules adapted to each area of concern
 EER issue
! Engineering & technology
 Development of new materials and/or technologies from other industries
 Adequate monitoring technologies
 Gap analysis of existing technology vs needs
! Environment:
 Adaptation of techniques for a Zero harmful discharge policy
 Prevention, early detection & remediation of oil spill (under ice, thaw/frost…)
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17. Conclusions
! Extreme cold areas present a huge potential with reserves
! Protected areas with sensitive ecosystems
! No universal techniques & solutions but adaptation to local context
! Need of expertise acquisition and strong partnership
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18. Please don’t forget … ATC 2011
! http://www.arctictechnologyconference.org/
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19. ! BACK UP
Yamal project
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20. 1 Cold wear
Contractor Sintef & NTNU
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21. 2 JIP EER in Ice Covered Waters
Contractor Petroleum Research Atlantic Canada
Partners : Statoil / Total / Chevron/ Exxonmobil/ Shell/ COP …
Develop an approved, commercially-available EER system (or systems)
capable of operating under anticipated operating scenarios
WP 1 – Define design drivers
WP 2 - Design
WP 3 – Prototype & evaluation
WP 4 – Manufacture a commercial product
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22. 3 Cold Climate technology project ColdTech
Contractor Norut
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23. 4 Sea ice modelling in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ)
Budget:
3.011 MNOK (no partner) Contractor
Duration: 2007-2010
! Objectives: Development of an improved ice-ocean model in the marginal
ice zone for better forecasting ice drift and hot spot of productivity
! Deliverables: An improved model for sea ice drift in the marginal zone area
! Validation areas: Fram Strait and Barents Sea.
! Application areas: Part of the emergency operations plan for oil spill
(forecast of oil in ice drift, forecast of most sensitive exposed ecosystem).
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24. 5 Thermal-mechanical effects on 1st year ice (PhD)
1. Theorical studies
Contractor University of Svalbard
2. Lab works
3. Site investigations
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25. 6 JIP Arctic material
Contractor SINTEF
Partners : StatoilHydro / Total / ENI / Scana / Bredero Shaw / Treeleborg /
JFE / Nippon steel / Aker solutions / Vetcogray and DNV joining by the end of
2009
Duration : 5 years starting in 2008 extended to 2018
WP 1 - Steel fabrication and mechanical characterization
WP 2 - Strength and toughness criteria for safe materials utilization
WP 3 - Polymer coatings
WP 4 - New concepts and materials solutions
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26. 7 JIP Oil in Ice Oil Spill Contingency for Arctic and Ice-
infested waters
Budget: TEPN: 826 k€ (Total: 4958 k€) Partners
Duration:2006-2009
! Objectives:
Develop tools and technologies for
environmental beneficial oil spill
response strategies
for ice-covered waters
! Validation area:
Field tests Barents Sea in 2008 and
2009
! Application areas:
All areas with ice infested waters
Contractor
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