This document summarizes the key outputs of Task 4.1, which identified barriers and best practices related to bioenergy policies and markets in Europe. The task involved partners filling out country-specific questionnaires and Geonardo consolidating these into a deliverable. Main conclusions included the most relevant biomass feedstocks, an analysis of EU and national bioenergy laws and incentives, and descriptions of best practices for technologies like wood burning, biogas production, and advanced biofuels. While advanced biofuels face challenges, more established practices like biomass co-firing are more common.

1. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
WP4 – Identification and removal of barriers to
the market uptake of bioenergy in the case
study sites
Task 4.1
Best practices for bioenergy policies,
regulations and support schemes which allow
the most sustainable and efficient use of bio-
resources from under-utilized land
Peter Gyuris, Geonardo
20/09/2017, Kyiv, Ukraine

2. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Presentation outline
Task summary
Task insights
Task schedule
Task roles

3. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Summary
Timeframe: M6-14 (June, 2016 – February 2017)
Involvement: all partners
Output: deliverable D4.1 (FAO)
Task Leader: Geonardo
This task consists of desk based studies in („FORBIO”) countries
discovering the legal framework and the support schemes that allows
bio-resources to be sustainably exploited in Europe.
Common barriers and limitation of policy instruments to be identified in
order to emphasise the potential in policy making to support efficient use
of bio-resources.

4. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights into
Policies:
Bioenergy policy…
Land use policy…
Regional/rural development policy…
CAP
Etc.
Legal instruments:
Bioenergy/biomass support schemes…
Biofuels (quality) regulations…
SEAP/SECAP
Etc.

5. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
Main information about under-utilised lands per country
 Assessment of available biomass types to be
practically gained on under-utilised lands
 Most relevant country-specific biomass feedstock
types, yields and raw materials
 Characterisation of under-utilised lands as per
application types (bioethanol, biogas, etc.)
 Current technology and non-technology trends and
expected future tendencies of under-utilised lands

6. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
National legislation and policy
 Relevant national strategies
 Most important legislations and main relevant policies
to manage under-utilised lands per country
 Relevant renewable energy policies
 Relevant rural development policies
 Relevant forest and agriculture development policies

7. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
National legislation and policy
 Any other related legislation (mining, land use, health,
etc.)
 Practical effects and usefulness of state legislation for
the remediation of under-utilised lands
 Advantages and disadvantages from past experiences
 National objectives for 2020 and beyond

8. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
EU legislation and policies
 Relevant EU strategies
 Relevant EU policies
 Special effects of EU legislation to national policies
 Practical effects and usefulness of EU legislation for the
remediation of under-utilised lands

9. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
Incentives and funds
 State incentives and funds for the management and
development of under-utilised lands
 National funds through local administrations
 EU funds through local administrations
 Regional funds
 International funds (direct funding from Brussels, etc.)
 Specific project examples (if available)

10. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
Best practices
 Best practices for wood pyrolisis (if any)
 Best practices for ethanol production (if any)
 Best practices for biogas production (if any)
 Best practices for any other country specific application

11. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Insights to country-specific checklist for
questionnaire
Conclusions
 Lessons learnt
 Recommendations
 „Takeaway” message

12. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Partner roles
Contribution: All partners
Min. 9 questionnaires filled (9 countries): IE, BE, DE, PL, UA, RO,
HU, IT, UK
+ European Outlook
Teaming/task sharing:
•WIP-FIB
•BIUK-SECBio
•CREA-CTXI-FAO

13. Most relevant country-specific biomass feedstock types, yields and raw materials Germany Italy Ukraine Romania Hungary Poland Ireland UK Belgium
Wood biomass Target country Target country Target country Outreach country Outreach country Outreach country Outreach country Outreach country Outreach country
 Oak (x) x x x x x x
 Fagus x x x x x x x x
 Carpinus x x
 Ailanthus altissima x
 Any other (please specify shortly) pine, spruce Robinia pseudoacacia L. pine, birch Coniferous Robinia pseudoacacia L. Robinia pseudoacacia L. Ash, sycamore
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary) pine, spruce
Short rotation energy plantations
 Populus spp. x x x x x x x x
 Salix spp. (x) x x x x x
 Robinia pseudoacacia L. (x) x x x
 Any other (please specify shortly)
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary) Paulownia tomentosa
Energy grasses
 Sudangrass (x)
 Miscanthus (x) x x x x x
 Hemp x x
 Kenaf
 Tritikale x x
 Arundo x x
 Any other (please specify shortly) Corn sillage, rye Szarvasi energy grass (only experimental stage)canary grass
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary) Grass cuttings
Energy crops
 Alfalfa x
 Sorghum x x x x x
 Arundo donax x x
 Miascanthus x x x x x x
 Switchgrass x x
 Any other (please specify) x Brassica napus, Helianthus annuus, s
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary) Sudan grass, mixed silphie
Agricultural residues
 Wheat straw x x x x x x x x
 Corn stover (x) x x x x x x
 Any other (please specify shortly) Sunflower residues (stalks, threshed baskets)Vineyard chords, sunflower stalks, sugar beet
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary) Barley straw
 Maize corn sillage x x x x
 Rapeseed x x x not anymore x x x
 Forages x x
Most relevant country-specific production and processing technologies
 Collection and process of wood biomass for heat production x x x x x x x
 Collection and process of wood biomass for electricity production x x x x x x x x
 Solid biomass pyrolisis (x) x x
 Biogas fermentation x x x x x x x
 Biomethane upgrade for transport fuel x x
 2nd generation bioethanol production It is under discussion in the German case study. This option might not be feasible for the German case study due to economy of scalex only experimental x x
 Lignocellulosic bio-refinery for non-food products (cosmetics, health, etc.) x x algae R&D developments
 Any other (please specify shortly) Grass biorefinery Collection and process of agro-biomass for heat production1st generation biofuel production Collection and processing of straw for heat production
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary) Biochemical - levulinic acid (it might be not feasible for the German case due to economy of scale)
National legislation and policies
 Relevant national bioenergy policies and strategies x x x x x x
 Relevant national renewable energy programmes and legislations x x x x x x x x
 Relevant national rural development programmes and legislations x x x x x x x
 Relevant national programmes and legislations about under-utilised lands x x x
 Relevant national forest and agriculture development programmes and legislations x x x x x x x x
 Other relevant national programmes and legislations (mining, land use, health, etc.) x x x
 If yes, please specify shortly Federal mining and planning acts KAT RELUP
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary)
 Specific legislation about wood biomass for heating and/or electricity production x x x x x
 Specific legislation about biogas production x x x x x
 Specific legislation for 2nd generation ethanol production x
 Strategies for non-food biorefinery development Attached to email
 Bioenergy pricing programmes e.g. feed in tariff, in RES Law x x
 Bioenergy purchasing policies Direct marketing, market premium, flexibility premium - for el.productionx x
 Any other (please specify shortly)
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary)
EU legislation and policies
 Relevant EU strategies that have significant effect on national bioenergy legislation x x x x x x x
 Relevant EU policies that have significant effect on national bioenergy legislation x x x x x x x
 EU bioenergy targets harmonised with national bioenergy objectives x x x x x x
Incentives and support for bioenergy developments
 Direct international and EU funds x x x x x x x x
 EU funds through local administrations x x x x x x x
 Regional funds through local administrations x x x x x
 National funds through local administrations x x x x x x
 Municipality-level support programmes x x x x
 Tax credits (x) not for biofuels x
 Tax incentives (x) not for biofuels x
 Loan programmes x x x x x
 Cooperative programmes or services
 Small grants Market Incentive Programme (MAP): BAFA (heat generation from RES) http://www.bmwi.de/EN/Topics/Energy/Buildings/market-incentive-programme.htmlx x x x x x
 Bioenergy production incentives x x x x x x x x
 Debt financing with state supported rates and terms
 State supported loans Market Incentive Programme (MAP): KFW (heat generation from RES) http://www.bmwi.de/EN/Topics/Energy/Buildings/market-incentive-programme.htmlx x x
 State subsidies and subventions Feed in tariff x
 Bioenergy portfolio standards
 Tax increment financings
 Tax exemption initiatives x
 Tax or VAT reduction support
 Bioenergy rebates
 Individual incentives (for natural persons) x (MAP) x x
 R&D pogrammes for bioenergy developments x x x x x x x
 Any other type of available incentives (please specify shortly) x
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary)
Best practices
 Best practices for direct wood burning x x x x x x x
 Best practices for biomass pyrolisis (x) x x
 Best practices for biogas fermentation x x x x x x x
 Best practices for biomethane production x
 Best practices for lignocellulosic ethanol production (x) x x x
 Best practices for lignocellulosic bio-refinery for non-food purposes For example biorefinery, which is unique worldwide, it processes meadow grass into green electricity and innovative materials (http://www.biowert.com/) x
 Best practices for any other country specific application (please specify shortly) Best practices for direct straw burning Best practices for direct straw burning
(You can insert additional rows here, if necessary)

14. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Task 4.1 - Timeline
Scope definition
1) Geonardo-WIP finalize the questionnaire – November 2016
Sending out questionnaires to the partners for revision
2) Partners collect information and fill country questionnaires –
November-December 2016
Return questionnaires and inputs to D4.1 from partners
3) Geonardo consolidation of partner inputs into D4.1 working
document – January-February 2017
Send to FAO for revision of deliverable 4.1
4) FAO review/comments – February 2017
Finalisation and submission
5) Consolidation (QAP) and submission of deliverable (D4.1) – 3 March
2017

15. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Main conclusions of Deliverable 4.1
Most relevant country-specific biomass feedstock types,
yields and raw materials
Wood biomass: Oak, fagus and carpinus – Most
frequent
Short rotation energy plantations: Populus spp and salix
spp
Energy grasses: Mischantus
Energy crops: Sorgum
Agricultural residues: Wheat straw and storn cover

16. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Main conclusions of Deliverable 4.1
EU legislation and policies
• Directive 2009/28/EC (RED)
• Directive 2014/94/EC
• Harmonisation issues were also explained where
applicable
National legislation and policies
• Available in all countries for bioenergy in different
detail and depth
• Best examples and practices of legislations were
listed and explained in all partner countries

17. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Main conclusions of Deliverable 4.1
Incentives and support for bioenergy developments
• Available in all countries for bioenergy in different frameworks
and programmes
• Best examples and practices of incentives and funding
schemes were listed and explained
Best practices for bioenergy in practice
• Direct wood burning is still the most common practice
• Biomass co-firing
• Woodchip, pellet or straw bioenergy utilisation
• Biogas fermentation
• 1st generation biofuel production (sugar beet, etc.)

18. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Main conclusions of Deliverable 4.1
Best practices for bioenergy in practice – advanced biofuels
• Advanced biofuel production still needs wider breakthrough even if
there are good incentives
• A few 2nd generation biofuel production facilities are in operation
• Many of the developments were stopped already in the design, launch
or even in operation phase because of financing problem or lack of
constant quality biomass resource stream
• The ones that are still operating are mostly managed from private
funds (investments, banks, etc.) or part of large infrastructural EU
projects
• Other bioenergy related technologies (gasification, pyrolisis) are still
mostly in experimental, demo phase or as small scale pilot operations
in universities or technology centers

19. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Main conclusions of Deliverable 4.1
Best practices for bioenergy in practice – advanced biofuels with
an outlook to Europe
• Austria – Guessing: CHP steam biomass gasification (pilot)
• France – Futurol: Cellulosic ethanol production
• The Netherlands – Fuel synthesis based on lignocellulosic
biomass material (pilot)
• Denmark: Aalborg – Bio-oil production based on
hydrothermal liquefaction technology
• Finland: Chemopolis plant- lignocellulosic ethanol production
from non-wood and non-food resources
• Sweden: Ornskoldsvik plant - lignocellulosic ethanol
production (Demo)

20. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No691846.
Main conclusions of Deliverable 4.1
Decision making and policies for underutilised lands in favor of
bioenergy developments is not yet comprehensively and evenly
elaborated on European or national policy and decision making
level.
It turned out from the desk-based research, that although there
are favourable trends in bioenergy policy making to address this
issue, there is no comprehensive legislation available on EU
country level that fully addresses and directly supports
bioenergy developments on underutilised lands.
This is an important conclusion that would need further
consideration throughout the further development and
progress of the FORBIO project’s capacity building
phases.