Cloudera's OA

1. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
Open Analytics Summit, March 2013
Joey Echeverria | Principal Solutions Architect
joey@cloudera.com | @fwiffo
1 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

2. About Joey
• Principal Solutions Architect
• 18 months
• 4+ years
• Local
2

3. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
BUILDING A BIG DATA SOLUTION
3 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

4. Big Data
• Big
• Larger volume than you’ve handled before
• No litmus test
• High value, under utilized
• Data
• Structured
• Unstructured
• Semi-structured
• Hadoop
• Distributed file system
• Distributed, batch computation
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5. Data Management Systems
Data
Processing
Data Source
Data
Data Storage
Ingestion
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6. Relational Data Management Systems
Reporting
Data Source ETL RDBMS
6 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

7. A Canonical Hadoop Architecture
Hive
(Impala)
Data Source Flume HDFS
7 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

8. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
AN EXAMPLE USE CASE
8 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

9. Analyzing Twitter
• Social media popular with marketing teams
• Twitter is an effective tool for promotion
• Who is influential?
• Tweets
• Followers
• Retweets
• Similar to e-mail forwarding
• Which twitter user gets the most retweets?
• Who is influential in our industry?
9 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

10. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
HOW DO WE ANSWER THESE
QUESTIONS?
10 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

11. Techniques
• SQL
• Filtering
• Aggregation
• Sorting
• Complex data
• Deeply nested
• Variable schema
11

12. Architecture
Twitter Oozie
Custom Add
Flume Partitions
Source Hourly
Sink to JSON SerDe
HDFS Parses Data
Flume HDFS Hive
12 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

13. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
TWITTER SOURCE
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14. Flume
• Streaming data flow
• Sources
• Push or pull
• Sinks
• Event based
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15. Pulling Data From Twitter
• Custom source, using twitter4j
• Sources process data as discrete events

16. Loading Data Into HDFS
• HDFS Sink comes stock with Flume
• Easily separate files by creation time
• hdfs://hadoop1:8020/user/flume/tweets/%Y/%m/%d/%H/

17. Flume Source
public class TwitterSource extends AbstractSource
implements EventDrivenSource, Configurable {
...
// The initialization method for the Source. The context contains all
// the Flume configuration info
@Override
public void configure(Context context) {
...
}
...
// Start processing events. Uses the Twitter Streaming API to sample
// Twitter, and process tweets.
@Override
public void start() {
...
}
...
// Stops Source's event processing and shuts down the Twitter stream.
@Override
public void stop() {
...
}
}
17 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

18. Twitter API
• Callback mechanism for catching new tweets
/** The actual Twitter stream. It's set up to collect raw JSON data */
private final TwitterStream twitterStream = new TwitterStreamFactory(
new ConfigurationBuilder().setJSONStoreEnabled(true).build())
.getInstance();
...
// The StatusListener is a twitter4j API that can be added to a stream,
// and will call a method every time a message is sent to the stream.
StatusListener listener = new StatusListener() {
// The onStatus method is executed every time a new tweet comes in.
public void onStatus(Status status) {
...
}
}
...
// Set up the stream's listener (defined above), and set any necessary
// security information.
twitterStream.addListener(listener);
twitterStream.setOAuthConsumer(consumerKey, consumerSecret);
AccessToken token = new AccessToken(accessToken, accessTokenSecret);
twitterStream.setOAuthAccessToken(token);
18 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

19. JSON Data
• JSON data is processed as an event and written to
HDFS
public void onStatus(Status status) {
// The EventBuilder is used to build an event using the headers and
// the raw JSON of a tweet
headers.put("timestamp", String.valueOf(
status.getCreatedAt().getTime()));
Event event = EventBuilder.withBody(
DataObjectFactory.getRawJSON(status).getBytes(), headers);
channel.processEvent(event);
}
19 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

20. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
FLUME DEMO
20 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

21. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
HIVE
21 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

22. What is Hive?
• Created at Facebook
• HiveQL
• SQL like interface
• Hive interpreter
converts HiveQL to
MapReduce code
• Returns results to the
client
22 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

23. Hive Details
• Schema on read
• Scalar types (int, float, double, boolean, string)
• Complex types (struct, map, array)
• Metastore contains table definitions
• Stored in a relational database
• Similar to catalog tables in other DBs
23

24. Complex Data
SELECT
t.retweeted_screen_name,
sum(retweets) AS total_retweets,
count(*) AS tweet_count
FROM (SELECT
retweeted_status.user.screen_name AS retweet_screen_name,
retweeted_status.text,
max(retweet_count) AS retweets
FROM tweets
GROUP BY
retweeted_status.user.screen_name,
retweeted_status.text) t
GROUP BY t.retweet_screen_name
ORDER BY total_retweets DESC
LIMIT 10;
24 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

25. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
JSON INTERLUDE
25 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

26. What is JSON?
• Complex, semi-structured data
• Based on JavaScript’s data syntax
• Rich, nested data types:
• number
• string
• Array
• object
• true, false
• null
26 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

27. What is JSON?
{
"retweeted_status": {
"contributors": null,
"text": "#Crowdsourcing – drivers already generate traffic data for your smartphone to suggest
alternative routes when a road is clogged. #bigdata",
"retweeted": false,
"entities": {
"hashtags": [
{
"text": "Crowdsourcing",
"indices": [0, 14]
},
{
"text": "bigdata",
"indices": [129,137]
}
],
"user_mentions": []
}
}
}
27 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

28. Hive Serializers and Deserializers
• Instructs Hive on how to interpret data
• JSONSerDe
28 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

29. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
HIVE DEMO
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30. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
IT’S A TRAP
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31. Not a Database
RDBMS Hive
Subset of SQL-92 plus
Generally >= SQL-92
Language Hive specific
extensions
INSERT, UPDATE, INSERT OVERWRITE
Update Capabilities
DELETE no UPDATE, DELETE
Transactions Yes No
Latency Sub-second Minutes
Indexes Yes Yes
Data size Terabytes Petabytes
31 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

32. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
IMPALA ASIDE
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33. Cloudera Impala
Real-Time Query for Data Stored in Hadoop.
Supports Hive SQL
4-30X faster than Hive over MapReduce
Supports multiple storage engines &
file formats
Uses existing drivers, integrates with existing
metastore, works with leading BI tools
Flexible, cost-effective, no lock-in
Deploy & operate with
Cloudera Enterprise RTQ
33 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

34. Benefits of Cloudera Impala
Real-Time Query for Data Stored in Hadoop
• Real-time queries run directly on source data
• No ETL delays
• No jumping between data silos
• No double storage with EDW/RDBMS
• Unlock analysis on more data
• No need to create and maintain complex ETL between systems
• No need to preplan schemas
• All data available for interactive queries
• No loss of fidelity from fixed data schemas
• Single metadata store from origination through analysis
• No need to hunt through multiple data silos
34 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

35. Cloudera Impala Details
Unified metadata and scheduler
Hive
Metastore YARN HDFS NN
SQL App
ODBC State Store
Low-latency scheduler and cache
Common Hive SQL and interface (low-impact failures)
Query Planner Query Planner Fully MPP Query Planner
Distributed
Query Coordinator Query Coordinator Query Coordinator
Query Exec Engine Query Exec Engine Query Exec Engine
HDFS DN HBase HDFS DN HBase HDFS DN HBase
Local Direct Reads
35 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

36. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
OOZIE AUTOMATION
36 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

37. Oozie: Everything in its Right Place

38. Oozie for Partition Management
• Once an hour, add a partition
• Takes advantage of advanced Hive functionality

39. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
OOZIE DEMO
39 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

40. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
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41. Complete Architecture
Twitter Oozie
Custom Add
Flume Partitions
Source Hourly
Sink to JSON SerDe
HDFS Parses Data
Flume HDFS Hive
41 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.

42. Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop
MORE DEMOS
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43. What next?
• Download Hadoop!
• CDH available at www.cloudera.com
• Cloudera provides pre-loaded VMs
• https://ccp.cloudera.com/display/SUPPORT/Cloudera+Ma
nager+Free+Edition+Demo+VM
• Clone the source repo
• https://github.com/cloudera/cdh-twitter-example

44. My personal preference
• Cloudera Manager
• https://ccp.cloudera.com/display/SUPPORT/Downloads
• Free up to 50 nodes

45. Shout Out
• Jon Natkins
• @nattybnatkins
• Blog posts
• http://blog.cloudera.com/blog/2012/09/analyzing-twitter-
data-with-hadoop/
• http://blog.cloudera.com/blog/2012/10/analyzing-twitter-
data-with-hadoop-part-2-gathering-data-with-flume/
• http://blog.cloudera.com/blog/2012/11/analyzing-twitter-
data-with-hadoop-part-3-querying-semi-structured-data-
with-hive/

46. Questions?
• Contact me!
• Joey Echeverria
• joey@cloudera.com
• @fwiffo
• We’re hiring!

47. 47 ©2012 Cloudera, Inc.