Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, which has been introduced by German government in 2012 [1], which is depends on the integration of different categories of electrical and electronic devices, from personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches, machinery robotics and enterprise resource planning systems, which can be integrated together and communicated with others to analyse the optimal criteria of potential solutions for improving productivity via internet [2]. however, the requirements of the new technology will force the old technology to retired. which will will force the big companies to change the specification of the industrial components to keep up with the latest processors. Ultimately, the goal of Industry 4.0 is to produce smarter and resource-efficient factories which are more productive and competitive says Mika Lomax [3]. Which mean that the Devices are getting smarter. "Not only does the IIoT enable real-time monitoring on smartphones and via emails, but, in plants, everyone has LCDs (liquid-crystal displays), TV screens and marquees showing the production staff useful information," says Kumar. "The technology in the modern HMI, including drivers and connectivity, is moving to message displays and marquees. This will enable programming and monitoring in these smart displays. Technology is pushing PLC and HMI functionality to text displays and it will all be connected to the IIoT."[4] The characteristics of high-technology industries include steady order quantities, standardized product features and high product value [3].

1. The Tools of Industry 4.0
Osama Alshhoumi
24/05/2018
Glasgow, UK

2. Introduction:
Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, which has been introduced by German
government in 2012 [1], which is depends on the integration of different categories of
electrical and electronic devices, from personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches,
machinery robotics and enterprise resource planning systems, which can be integrated
together and communicated with others to analyse the optimal criteria of potential solutions
for improving productivity via internet [2]. however, the requirements of the new technology
will force the old technology to retired. which will will force the big companies to change the
specification of the industrial components to keep up with the latest processors. Ultimately,
the goal of Industry 4.0 is to produce smarter and resource-efficient factories which are more
productive and competitive says Mika Lomax [3]. Which mean that the Devices are getting
smarter. "Not only does the IIoT enable real-time monitoring on smartphones and via emails,
but, in plants, everyone has LCDs (liquid-crystal displays), TV screens and marquees
showing the production staff useful information," says Kumar. "The technology in the
modern HMI, including drivers and connectivity, is moving to message displays and
marquees. This will enable programming and monitoring in these smart displays. Technology
is pushing PLC and HMI functionality to text displays and it will all be connected to the
IIoT."[4] The characteristics of high-technology industries include steady order quantities,
standardized product features and high product value [3].
Figure 1: Development of industry processes

3. The main tools of the fourth industrial revolution depend on the following contents:
1. 3D Printing​: 3-Dimensional Printing is one of the key technologies in Industry 4.0
and has a lot applications in the present day industry. It is an additive printing process
of converting a digital model into a solid 3D object layer by layer automatically using
the 3D printer. The use of 3D printers have reduced the product development time of
rapid prototypes, and reduce the 3D modelling and tooling costs and has increased the
possibility of customization based on the consumer specifications. New product
development process at the beginning predicted potential product safety problems
based on reviewing the functionality, aesthetics, assembly methods and structure in
conceptual 3D modelling effectively. To improve safety, revised 3D printed modeling
is produced. CPSC forecasted that imerging technologies 3D printing could help find
the failures in prototypes and improve safety in new product development process.
2. IIoT​ “The Industrial Internet of Things is a wonderful advancement, and a real
opportunity to increase ROI [​return on investment​] and asset value. When it comes
to process automation, we should be using IIoT capabilities to push control further
toward the device layer, which means making instrumentation much smarter. This
should allow you to simplify the control architecture to match the topology, so that we
are reducing time, cost, and effort to configure systems.[​5​]
3. Cyber-Physical Systems​. CPS is an information system, connecting with humans,
machines and systems through computers, sensors and networks, to generate the
decentralized decisions in manufacturing industries in real time. Senor technology is
installed in the manufacturing machines, facilities or devices through the
manufacturing process, from raw material collection, component subassembly,
finished-product assembly, packaging and installation, to collect the manufacturing
raw data in the production plant. A virtual networks and information model is used
not only to analyze the raw data, but also recommend an appropriate action to
improve the productivity and simulate the predictable results. Humans like middle
management or frontline supervisor is able to make decisions by themselves and solve
urgent problems within a short period of time, production capacity and machinery
utilization rate would be monitored and improved. This is no doubt that CPS is able to
enhance the communication between humans, machines and systems in
manufacturing industries. By using of product safety data and information like
product recall data, common incident problems and improvement solutions in the
databases of cyber operating systems, CPS will enable to improve the product quality
by sorting out the defected components or products from different stages of
manufacturing process. For example, shape edge is one of the safety problems on
consumer products, the detailed dimensions of product edges as the key parameters
should be put in system and strictly controlled in production. Workers would sort out
the defected products after receiving warning signal from CPS on short time.

4. ​IoT challenges and Standards​: There are challenges related to IoT Challenges, which been
summarised as follows:
● Security​: they are many challenges that face the implementation of the internet of
things as users of the internet or any IoT application we need to have a high degree of
trust that the applications we are using are secure enough to work with. and due to the
fact that the scale of the IoT application services is large cover different domains and
involves multiple ownership entities, there is a need for Trust frameworks to enable
the users of the system to have a confident that the information and services being
exchanged in the secure environment. Poorly secure IoT Devices and application
make it a potential target for cyber-attack this is very important as an IoT technology
become more integrated into our daily lives. one of the security challenges of the IoT
devices is because many of the IoT devices are designed to be used in a larger scale
and therefore the quantity of connection links between these devices is large so that
makes the IoT security a Real concern, and the fact that some of the devices are being
used in urban areas where physical security is difficult to establish or achieved and
that make it easy for attackers to have a direct physical access to the IoT devices. The
other security challenges comes from the fact that many internet of things devices are
developed to be used with anticipated long lifespan so these devices might be used in
circumstances that make it difficult or impossible to return figure or upgrade and
that's leaving them vulnerable to cyber security threats So the challenge of IoT
devices in regards security are large-scale used and a long lifespan. These are only
examples of the security of IoT devices Some of the methods used to make IoT
devices secure from cyber-attacks
1. have general attack detection and recovery system that's capable to cope with IoT
specific threats
2. Having regular update and maintenance that help protection of IoT ecosystem and
ability of the IoT to handle virtually all notes of operation
3. having Authentication and identification by having a identification process this can
ensure that the user and the object is correct where is authentication allow subject to
know that there are part of the system identification make it possible to differentiate
two objects that belongs to the same system.[6]
● Complexity and Standards​: complexity can also be concerned as one of the IOT
potential challenges depending on the application of the IoT system. Some
complexation rises in the terms of the design, deployment, maintenance due to the
fact that includes use of multiple technologies and alert set of components complexity
can also include the complexity of user requirements and preferences. One of the
challenges with the IoT Ecosystem is interoperability and standards. In the traditional
Ethernet interoperability is the most basic core value as it helps connect people and
systems to talk the same language of a protocols and standards. interoperability is the
flexibility of IoT system to integrate easily with another without conflict due to the
different heterogeneous IoT protocols. Interoperability is valuable for both individual
customer and organisation user of IoT devices it helps in the ability to choose device

5. with the best features needed for a certain application at the best price and integrate
them together to work in the same network. So, in fully interoperable environment
any IoT advice would be able to connect to any other device or system and exchange
information as desired the centralisation and adoption of protocols that specify this
communication details play an important role in the interoperability discussion with
an IoT ecosystem there are some challenges need to be address within this part:
technical interoperability choices and competitive market The ​First​ challenge is some
device manufactures limit their interoperability of the devices and components within
the brand product line with the same manufacturer and that makes the communication
part and standard are quite difficult to be applied if these products were used with
different vendors and that's affecting the customer choices when using compatible IoT
products Another challenge that affect IoT interoperability in standard is that due to
the globally competitive market some IoT device manufacturers try to get ahead and
take advantage by bringing a product to the market weakly without having the proper
standards in place. And, this have a big effect in interoperability as the lack of
standards and documentation can affect the design process and application of the
devices with an IoT environment. One of the things that help dealing with the
standards and interoperability that validation of standard the very 1st step of new
product that attend to be place on the market comes from standard ambiguity in
standard affect the process to validate a new standard validation is important aspects
of instability and also an internet of things testing can provide Assurance of advice
and support of course can't cope with the ecosystem of the internet of things The
second ​part is the development of the market-accepted test specification this help
reduce the time that it takes to get the product or protocol tested and help excepted
devices that can work with another IoT objects ​[7]
● IoT Standards​:IEEE IoT Standards they are many standards within IEEE that are
related to the internet of things. Within IEEE an initiative was launched in 2014 the
focus is on the topics of IoT. the mission of IEEE IoT initiative is to serve as a
platform. Where professionals can work together for research. It serves as reference to
all global community of Engineering and Technology professionals in industry
academia and government working in related technologies related to IoT. Many of the
standards IoT within IEEE are developed by IEEE standards association. ​(IEEE-SA)
is globally recognised standards setting with an IEEE to develop standards it has over
140 existing standards​ related to IoT. another group that developed standards for IoT
within IEEE is IEEE communication society ​(IEEE ComSoc).​ Example of one
directly related standards is IEEE P2413. This standards for an Architectural
framework for the IoT. the standard defines an architecture framework for the internet
of things including description of various items definitions of all the main attractions
and identification of a different IoT domains. The architecture framework for the IoT
also provide the reference model that defines relationship among various IoT verticals
and example could be a transportation and Healthcare. This document also provides
details about protection security privacy and safety within IoT. ​This standards​ status
is an active status which means it is still being developed until the developing of this
moment. The standards development team usually consists of the following:

6. ● Working group​ an example is IoT architecture internet of things (IoT) architecture
● Sponsor​: which is corporate advisory group
● society​: which is IEEE-SA Board of governors. For different products they are
different sponsors and Co- sponsors, ​for example​ power line communication external
link the Co- sponsors for developing the standards is COM/PLC which stand for IEEE
communication society internet of things. The name of IEEE​.[7]
Figure 2: IoT Standards organizations
References:
[1]."Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative Industrie 4.0"
[2].Industrie 4.0 Working Group, 2013. R. Baheti, H. Gill, Cyber-physical systems
Impact Control Technol, pp. 1-6, 2011. [100] By Dave Perkon, technical editor, Feb 28,
2018​,
[3]Mika Lomax, E&T Magazine, Industrie 4.0,
http://www.eandtmagazine.online/Industry4.0Supplement/SupplementCover_1.html
[4]. Lee Jay, Industry 4.0 in Big Data Environment Harting Tech News 26, 2013,
[online] Available:
http://www.harting.com/fileadmin/harting/documents/lg/hartingtechnologygroup/news
/tec-news/tec-news26/EN_tecNews26.pdf.
[5] Bill Lydon is chief editor of InTech magazine. Connectivity, Productivity and
Efficiency Benefits of IIoT Depend on Integrated Cybersecurity, 31 Jan 2018,
https://automation.isa.org/2018/01/integrated-cybersecurity-a-cornerstone-of-iiot/,
IIoT, meet the edge-gateway controller,
https://www.controldesign.com/articles/2018/iiot-meet-the-edge-gatewaycontroller/​.
[6] Linkedin Learning IoT foundation: Standrds and ecosystem, security, Zahraa
Khalil, education chapter membership development lead for IEEE women in
engineering, Sep 13, 2017.
[7] Linkedin Learning IoT foundation: Standrds and ecosystem, Complexity and
Standards, Zahraa Khalil, education chapter membership development lead for IEEE
women in engineering, Sep 13, 2017.