Corinna Status 2022.pptx

Corinna Status
Update
Modern OOP is coming to Perl
Curtis “Ovid” Poe
https://allaroundtheworld.fr/
https://ovid.github.io/
30 mars 2022
Copyright 2022, http://www.allaroundtheworld.fr/

Question Policy
• Please hold them to the end
• Unless something is completely incomprehensible
30 mars 2022

Dedication
David
Adler Jeff Goff
30 mars 2022
Sparky

What is Corinna?
https://github.com/Ovid/Cor
(This talk is not a tutorial on Corinna)
30 mars 2022

The Lisp
Curse
30 mars 2022

The Lisp
Perl Curse
(edited)
Since making Perl object systems is not
hard, many Perl hackers have done so.
More to the point, many individual Perl
hackers have done so. Programs written
by individual hackers tend to follow the
scratch-an-itch model. These programs
will solve the problem that the hacker is
having without necessarily making the
software more useful to others. This
means that these one-man-band
projects tend to solve eighty-percent of
the problem.
30 mars 2022

Perl Core
OOP
(Today)
• bless
• @ISA
30 mars 2022

Perl Core
OOP
(Today)
• bless–We have methods!
• @ISA–Where are the methods?
30 mars 2022

Perl Core
OOP
(Today)
• bless–We have methods subroutines!
• @ISA–Where are the methods subroutines?
30 mars 2022

Perl Core
OOP
(Today)
package Name;
sub new {
my ( $class, %arg_for ) = @_;
return bless {
name => $arg_for{name},
title => $arg_for{title},
}, $class;
}
sub _title { $_[0]->{tilte} }
sub _name { $_[0]->{name} }
sub name {
my $self = shift;
my $title = $self->_title;
my $name = $self->_name;
return $title ? "$title $name"
: $name;
}
1;
30 mars 2022

Perl Core
OOP
(Today)
my $ovid = Name->new( name => 'Ovid' );
my $doctor = Name->new(
title => 'Dr.',
name => 'Who',
);
say $ovid->name; # Ovid
say $doctor->name; # Dr. Who
30 mars 2022

Corinna
class Name {
field $name :param;
field $title :param { undef };
method name () {
return $title ? "$title $name" : $name;
}
}
30 mars 2022

Perl Core
OOPS
package Name;
sub new {
my ( $class, %arg_for ) = @_;
return bless {
name => $arg_for{name},
title => $arg_for{title},
}, $class;
}
sub _title { $_[0]->{tilte} }
sub _name { $_[0]->{name} }
sub name {
my $self = shift;
my $title = $self->_title;
my $name = $self->_name;
return $title ? "$title $name"
: $name;
}
1;
30 mars 2022

Corinna
class Name {
field $name :param;
method name () {
return $Title ? "$tilte $name" : $name;
}
}
30 mars 2022

80+ OOP
systems
on the
CPAN
Mo
Mu
Mic
Moo
Mew
Dios
Moose
Moops
Moxie
reform
Spiffy
Zydeco
HO::Class
Class::LOP
Evo::Class
Class::Dot
Class::Ref
Class::Std
Mojo::Base
Eixo::Base
Class::Root
Class::Easy
Class::Core
Class::Base
Class::Lite
Class::Lego
Class::GAPI
Class::Slot
Class::Tiny
Class::Gomor
Class::Field
Rose::Object
Class::Maker
Class::HPLOO
Class::Frame
Class::Class
Class::Simple
Class::Attrib
Class::Closure
Class::Methods
Class::Builder
Class::Declare
Class::Accessor
Class::Contract
Class::Generate
Class::InsideOut
Acme::Class::Std
Class::Anonymous
Class::Classless
Class::Std::Fast
Class::Framework
Class::Autoclass
Class::Methodist
Bubblegum::Class
Object::LocalVars
Object::InsideOut
Class::AutoAccess
Class::Prototyped
Class::Structured
Class::NamedParms
Class::Constructor
AI::FreeHAL::Class
Class::BuildMethods
Lexical::Attributes
Class::AccessorMaker
Class::IntrospectionMe
thods
Class::MakeMethods::Te
mplate::InsideOut
30 mars 2022

Dios
Damian
Conway
class Identity is Trackable {
shared Num %!allocated_IDs;
shared Num $.prev_ID is rw;
func _allocate_ID() {
while (1) {
lex Num $ID = rand;
return $prev_ID =$ID if !$allocated_IDs{$ID}++;
}
}
has Num $.ID = _allocate_ID();
has Str $.name //= '<anonymous>';
has Passwd $!passwd;
method identify (Str $pwd --> Str) {
return "$name [$ID]" if $pwd eq $passwd;
}
submethod DESTROY {
say "Bye, $name!";
}
}
30 mars 2022

Zydeco
Toby Inkster
class Person {
has name ( type => Str, required => true );
has gender ( type => Str );
factory new_man (Str $name) {
return $class->new(name => $name, gender => 'male');
}
factory new_woman (Str $name) {
return $class->new(name => $name, gender => 'female');
}
method greet (Person *friend, Str *greeting = "Hello") {
printf("%s, %s!n", $arg->greeting, $arg->friend->name);
}
coerce from Str via from_string {
return $class->new(name => $_);
}
}
30 mars 2022

Why do they stand out?
They didn’t limit themselves to what Perl can do today
30 mars 2022

Corinna
The Corinna
Team
class Cache::LRU :version(v0.1.0) {
use Hash::Ordered;
field $cache { Hash::Ordered->new };
field $max_size :param :reader { 20 };
field $created :reader { time };
method set ( $key, $value ) {
if ( $cache->exists($key) ) {
$cache->delete($key);
}
elsif ( $cache->keys > $max_size ) {
$cache->shift;
}
$cache->set( $key, $value ); # add to front
}
method get ($key) {
if ( $cache>exists($key) ) {
my $value = $cache->get($key);
$self->set( $key, $value ); # add to front
return $value;
}
return;
}
}
30 mars 2022

How Did We Get Here?
30 mars 2022

Ovid’s
Sponsor
• All Around the World
• https://allaroundtheworld.fr/
30 mars 2022

Paul Evans’
Sponsors
Sponsor Amount
Oetiker+Partner
AG
1000 CFH
Perl-Verein
Schweiz
3000 CHF
Deriv Ongoing
Anonymous …
30 mars 2022

Corinna Team/Influencers/Contributors
(Incomplete list by first name)
• Curtis “Ovid” Poe
• Damian Conway
• Dan Book (Grinnz)
• Graham Knop (haarg)
• Harald Jörg
• Matt Trout
• Paul Evans
• Sawyer X
• Stevan Little
30 mars 2022

History
• March 2006: Stevan Little releases Moose 0.1
• March 2010: Stevan Little releases Moose 1.0
• June 2017: Stevan releases Moxie
• June 2019: Ovid starts working on Corinna (née Cor)
• August 2019: Riga Perl Conference. Sawyer X blows my mind
• October 2019: First public announcement of Corinna
• October 2019: Paul Evans starts work on Object::Pad test bed
30 mars 2022

Moxie
package Point {
use Moxie;
extends 'Moxie::Object';
has x => ( default => sub { 0 } );
has y => ( default => sub { 0 } );
sub x : ro;
sub y : ro;
sub clear ($self) {
$self->@{ 'x', 'y' } = (0, 0);
}
}
30 mars 2022 Copyright 2022, http://www.allaroundtheworld.fr/

Corinna
class Point {
field ( $x, $y ) :param :reader {0};
method clear () { $x = 0; $y = 0; }
}

Pre-History
• Based on Keyword::Declare
• Implementation + Test Suite
• Influenced by Moxie ideals
• Heavily reflected Moose heritage
• Lost when a pipe burst in our house
30 mars 2022

Sawyer X Arrives
• 2019 Riga Perl Conference
• Sawyer X tells me to ditch the implementation
• “Design something great.”
30 mars 2022

Early
Work
Ovid
class Cache::LRU {
use Hash::Ordered;
has cache => (default => sub { Hash::Ordered->new });
has max_size => (default => sub { 20 });
if ( self->cache->exists($key) ) {
self->cache->delete($key);
}
elsif ( self->cache->keys > self->max_size ) {
self->cache->shift;
}
self->cache->set( $key, $value );
}
method get ($key) {
if ( self->cache->exists($key) ) {
my $value = self->cache->get($key);
self->set( $key, $value ); # add to front
return $value;
}
return;
}
}
30 mars 2022

Features
• Cleaner syntax
• self as a keyword
• Methods and subroutines are no longer the same thing
• Encapsulation by default (but my design was bad)
• No declarative way to expose state (another design flaw)
• Lexical variables for state were considered (but I considered them
“unperlish”)
• Paul “LeoNerd” Evans argued for lexical variables for state (he was
right)
30 mars 2022

Corinna
The Corinna
Team
use Hash::Ordered;
}
$cache->shift;
}
$cache->set( $key, $value ); # add to front
}
method get ($key) {
if ( $cache>exists($key) ) {
my $value = $cache->get($key);
return $value;
}
return;
}
} 30 mars 2022

Moose
Damnit,
Stevan
package Cache::LRU {
use Moose;
use Hash::Ordered;
use namespace::autoclean;
has '_cache' => (
is => 'ro',
init_arg => undef,
default => sub { Hash::Ordered->new },
);
has 'max_size' => ( is => 'ro', default => 20 );
sub set {
my ( $self, $key, $value ) = @_;
if ( $self->_cache->exists($key) ) {
$self->_cache->delete($key);
}
elsif ( $self->_cache->keys >= $self->max_size ) {
$self->_cache->shift;
}
$self->_cache->set( $key, $value );
}
sub get {
my ( $self, $key ) = @_;
$self->_cache->get($key)
if ( $self->_cache>exists($key) ) {
my $value = $self->_cache->get($key);
return $value;
}
}
__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
}
30 mars 2022

Objections
1. bless is good enough for me
2. Moo/se won. It should be in core
3. Same ideas, different syntax
4. How can I debug encapsulated objects?
30 mars 2022

1. bless is good enough for
me
• We’re not removing bless.
30 mars 2022

2. Moo/se won. It should be in
core
• A popular minority view
• They're great, mature modules, but …
• The authors, Stevan Little (Moose) and Matt Trout (Moo) aren’t arguing
for this
• P5P doesn’t want them
• They’re hobbled by the current limitations of Perl
See also: https://ovid.github.io/articles/why-is-perl-not-putting-
moose-in-the-core.html
30 mars 2022

Current Limitations of Perl
• Methods are subroutines
• Classes are packages
• No native state
• No native encapsulation
• No native delegation
• No differentiation between class methods and instance methods
• Classes are not “first-class” types
• … and on and on and on
30 mars 2022

3. Same ideas,
different syntax
30 mars 2022

3. Same
ideas,
different
syntax
• We’ve been explaining the difference for years
• It’s hard to keep explaining, so you point them to
the RFC
• But this is really important, so here goes…

Background
• Based on decades of personal OOP experience
• Supported by Stevan Little (creator of Moose)
• Supported by Matt Trout (creator of Moo)
• Supported by Damian Conway (designer of Raku and SPEC OOP
systems)
• Ideas from far too many books, papers, and articles on OOP and
type systems
• Designed to create a “Perlish” OOP system
• Subject to two DMCA takedown notices from an OnlyFans “artist” 30 mars 2022

237th time’s the
charm!
3. Same ideas, different syntax
Copyright 2022, http://www.allaroundtheworld.fr/ March 30, 2022

Chris “Peregrin” Prather to P5P
• Class composition: “Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-
Oriented Software”, published literally 4 days after Perl 5.000 says
to prefer composition to inheritance.
• Perl’s only native solution to reusable behavior is inheritance.
• Perl has no native solution to encapsulation (there are complex
workarounds)
Source: https://markmail.org/message/pxmkevqe7qg7tld2, June
19, 2021
30 mars 2022

Native
composition
use Hash::Ordered;
}
$cache->shift;
}
$cache->set( $key, $value );
}
…
30 mars 2022

Native state
and
composition
use Hash::Ordered;
}
$cache->shift;
}
}
…
30 mars 2022

Native state,
encapsulation
, and
composition
use Hash::Ordered;
}
$cache->shift;
}
}
…
30 mars 2022

Runtime
failures
package Cache::LRU {
use Moose;
use Hash::Ordered;
has '_cache' => (
is => 'ro',
init_arg => undef,
default => sub {Hash::Ordered->new},
);
has 'max_size' => (
is => 'ro',
default => 20,
);
sub set ( $self, $key, $value ) {
if ($self->_cahce->exists($key)) {
$self->_cache->delete($key);
}
…
30 mars 2022

Become
Compile-time
failures
use Hash::Ordered;
if ( $cach->exists($key) ) {
}
$cache->shift;
}
}
…
30 mars 2022

Fields no
longer
exposed
by
default.
use Hash::Ordered;
…
}
30 mars 2022

init_arg
=> undef
no longer
needed
use Hash::Ordered;
…
}
30 mars 2022

Methods
are not
subs
class Some::Class :version(v0.1.0) {
use Some::Module 'set';
if ( set( … ) ) {
# subroutine called, not the method
}
…
}
…
}
30 mars 2022

Methods
are not
subs
This might not make to the 1st
version.
30 mars 2022

4. Debugging encapsulated
objects
• The MOP will allow encapsulation violation
• It will be harder to do
• Violating encapsulation becomes the last choice, not the first
• Data::Printer, Data::Dumper, the debugger, and other tools
30 mars 2022

Corinna is Simple!

Four Little Words
• class
• role
• field
• method
30 mars 2022

blogs.perl.org
• A dream realized
• A dream resyntaxed
• A (not so) simple matter of privacy
30 mars 2022

use feature "class";
• perldoc -f class
• perldoc -f role
• perldoc -f field
• perldoc -f method
30 mars 2022

Modifiers
• class My::Class :isa(Other::Class)
• role My::Role :does(Other::Role)
• field $name :param :reader
• method frobnicate :common
30 mars 2022

January 16, 2022
Corinna RFC Accepted
30 mars 2022

Accepted with Caveats
• Corinna was not completely accepted
• Smaller, easier to test features, one at a time
• A Minimally Minimum Viable Product (MMVP)
Copyright 2022, http://www.allaroundtheworld.fr/ 30 mars 2022

Who?
• Paul Evans—LeoNerd
• Object::Pad
• Future::AsyncAwait
• Syntax::Keyword::Try
• Much more
30 mars 2022

The MMVP Steps
1. Classes
2. Inheritance
3. Roles
4. Field modifiers
5. Field initializer blocks
6. Meta-Object Protocol (MOP)
7. Method modifiers
30 mars 2022

Perl Steering Council Meeting 2022-03-11
“Paul let us know that he’s now got a sponsor to cover his
initial Corinna implementation work, and his plan is to
land the first stage at the start of the 5.37 dev cycle.”
https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2022/03/msg263374.html
30 mars 2022

Timefram
e
None
Almost three years of design
(based on years of prototypes)
Make it right, not make it now

Questions?
30 mars 2022

TYPES?

Corinna +
Types!
• Early work had types
• Everybody wants them
• All of the designers said “no”

The Problem
with Types
• Variable declarations
• Field declarations
• Subroutine arguments
• Method arguments
• Casting
• … and more ???

The Problem
with Types
• Built-in Types?
• Int, Float, Char, etc.
• User-defined Types?
• Classes
• Subtypes

NO TYPES 😢

But …

IMMUTABLE
OBJECTS

class Name {
field $name :param;
method name () {
}
}

Type Library
package Our::Types {
use Less::Boilerplate;
use Type::Library -base;
use Type::Utils -all;
use Type::Params;
our @EXPORT_OK;
BEGIN {
extends qw(
Types::Standard
Types::Common::Numeric
Types::Common::String
);
push @EXPORT_OK => qw/compile compile_named/;
}
}
1;
30 mars 2022

Corinna +
Types
class Name {
use Our::Types qw(NonEmptyStr Maybe compile);
field $name :param;
ADJUST {
state $check = compile(NonEmptyStr,Maybe[NonEmptyStr]);
$check->( $name, $title );
}
method name () {
}
}
30 mars 2022

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