Trends in female crime are complex compared to male crime. While female crime makes up a smaller percentage, it has been increasing, especially for minor property crimes and substance abuse. There are differences in the types of crimes committed by men and women, with women more likely to commit property crimes like theft. The causes of female crime are varied and can include personal factors like education level, as well as family issues, lack of opportunities, and social or legal system failures. Understanding the underlying causes of female crime is important for developing strategies to reduce it.

1. Female Crime and ViolenceFemale Crime and Violence
Presenting GroupPresenting Group ‘A’‘A’
Obaidur Rahaman Ovi,Obaidur Rahaman Ovi,
Undergraduate Student,Undergraduate Student,
Dept. of Geography &Dept. of Geography &
Environment.Environment.

2. IntroductionIntroduction
Trends in female crime relative to male crime are more complex.
Some writers claim that female crime has been increasing faster than
male crime, as measured by the percentage of female arrests. This
has clearly been true in the case of minor property crimes, where the
percentage of female arrests had about doubled between 1960 and
1975 (from around 15 to 30 percent or more), with slight additional
increases since then. Smaller but fairly consistent increases are also
found for substance abuse categories, but they remain less than 20
percent for all categories.
Trends in female crime relative to male crime are more complex.
Some writers claim that female crime has been increasing faster than
male crime, as measured by the percentage of female arrests. This
has clearly been true in the case of minor property crimes, where the
percentage of female arrests had about doubled between 1960 and
1975 (from around 15 to 30 percent or more), with slight additional
increases since then. Smaller but fairly consistent increases are also
found for substance abuse categories, but they remain less than 20
percent for all categories.

3. Women and CrimeWomen and Crime
3 questions we need to address in order to ascertain if women
are less criminal than men:
3 questions we need to address in order to ascertain if women
are less criminal than men:
Are there
differences in the
amount of crime
committed by men
and women?
Are there
differences in the
amount of crime
committed by men
and women?
Are there
differences in the
kinds of crime
committed by men
and women?
Are there
differences in the
kinds of crime
committed by men
and women?
Is there any
evidence that
women’s crime has
changed in either
amount or
kind ?
Is there any
evidence that
women’s crime has
changed in either
amount or
kind ?

4. Female and Crime
Women were less likely than men to have offended and committed a
crime in the last year (11% compared with 26%). Women ‘grow out of
crime’ – they are most likely to desist from offending in their late teens.
The peak age of reported offending for girls was 14. (The peak age of
recorded offending for girls was 15, compared to 19 for men). Criminal
statistics show that, in 2002, only 19% of known offenders were women.
Theft and handling is the most common indictable offence for women
accounting for 57% of known female offenders in 2002. Female arrestees
identified as having drug problems are more likely than men to have
received drug treatment, spend more money on drugs, report recent use
of more harmful drugs and are more often referred to a drug rehabilitation
unit
Women were less likely than men to have offended and committed a
crime in the last year (11% compared with 26%). Women ‘grow out of
crime’ – they are most likely to desist from offending in their late teens.
The peak age of reported offending for girls was 14. (The peak age of
recorded offending for girls was 15, compared to 19 for men). Criminal
statistics show that, in 2002, only 19% of known offenders were women.
Theft and handling is the most common indictable offence for women
accounting for 57% of known female offenders in 2002. Female arrestees
identified as having drug problems are more likely than men to have
received drug treatment, spend more money on drugs, report recent use
of more harmful drugs and are more often referred to a drug rehabilitation
unit

5. Crime and violence
Violent crimes include crimes where intentional harm is inflicted against
another individual during the commission of the crime. Additionally,
violent crimes can include the threat of intentional harm. The infliction of
the harm can include the use of weapons, poison, bodily contact, and
more. Most violent crimes are felony crimes. These are considered the
most serious crimes and carry a sentence of one year or more in prison.
Violent crimes include crimes where intentional harm is inflicted against
another individual during the commission of the crime. Additionally,
violent crimes can include the threat of intentional harm. The infliction of
the harm can include the use of weapons, poison, bodily contact, and
more. Most violent crimes are felony crimes. These are considered the
most serious crimes and carry a sentence of one year or more in prison.
Female crime and violence
Most efforts to understand crime have focused on male crime, since men have
greater involvement in criminal behavior. Yet it is equally important to
understand female crime. For example, learning why women commit less crime
than men can help illuminate the underlying causes of crime and how it might
better be controlled. Women crime is now increasing day by day worldwide and
they are trained and used by the men criminals. Men criminal taking the best
benefits by completing the mission by the help of female criminal.
Most efforts to understand crime have focused on male crime, since men have
greater involvement in criminal behavior. Yet it is equally important to
understand female crime. For example, learning why women commit less crime
than men can help illuminate the underlying causes of crime and how it might
better be controlled. Women crime is now increasing day by day worldwide and
they are trained and used by the men criminals. Men criminal taking the best
benefits by completing the mission by the help of female criminal.

6. Types of Female crimeof Female crime
•Murder
•Manslaughter
•Rape
•Arson
•Terrorism
•Domestic violence
•Gang violence
•Kidnapping
•Robbery
•Murder
•Manslaughter
•Rape
•Arson
•Terrorism
•Domestic violence
•Gang violence
•Kidnapping
•Robbery

7. Crime and Deviance Chapter 13 712/21/15
Women are in prison for the following crimesWomen are in prison for the following crimes
(in percentage) :(in percentage) :

9. Causes of Female CrimeCauses of Female Crime

10. Personal causes
1. Compared with male offenders, female offenders are on a low level of
education.
2. They haven’t social knowledge and experience.
3. They lack analytical skills in dealing with problems, and they are not
sensible to deal with things.
4. They are instigated or enticed by others, they are easy to be coerced
or deceived,
going astray.
5. They do not know how to use the law to protect them.
In addition, psychological factors such as vanity, unrealistically compare,
hedonism, narrow-minded, vindictive and so on also contributes to an
important cause of female crime.
1. Compared with male offenders, female offenders are on a low level of
education.
2. They haven’t social knowledge and experience.
3. They lack analytical skills in dealing with problems, and they are not
sensible to deal with things.
4. They are instigated or enticed by others, they are easy to be coerced
or deceived,
going astray.
5. They do not know how to use the law to protect them.
In addition, psychological factors such as vanity, unrealistically compare,
hedonism, narrow-minded, vindictive and so on also contributes to an
important cause of female crime.

11. The family causes
Domestic violence
1.Women do not work and have no source of income and has no place in the
family, they often subject to her husband's beatings.
2.Husband has a macho idea that husband is superior to his wife and he beats his
wife frequently.
3.Wife has the mentality of "not wash your dirty linen in public" and endures
domestic violence repeatedly
4.The relief mechanism is not perfect. According to the survey, 23.6% of women
sought help from her family or friends or the organizations, however, 15.6% of
the people who were been sought for ignored their request or persuaded them not
to make public.
1.Women do not work and have no source of income and has no place in the
family, they often subject to her husband's beatings.
2.Husband has a macho idea that husband is superior to his wife and he beats his
wife frequently.
3.Wife has the mentality of "not wash your dirty linen in public" and endures
domestic violence repeatedly
4.The relief mechanism is not perfect. According to the survey, 23.6% of women
sought help from her family or friends or the organizations, however, 15.6% of
the people who were been sought for ignored their request or persuaded them not
to make public.

12. The imbalance of the family structure
The imbalance of the family structure means that the main
structural component of the family is not complete which
include the fault family and deformity family. These kinds of
families are prone to family tensions, and lead to the
occurrence of crimes.
The imbalance of the family structure means that the main
structural component of the family is not complete which
include the fault family and deformity family. These kinds of
families are prone to family tensions, and lead to the
occurrence of crimes.

13. Lack of OpportunitiesLack of Opportunities
There was an assumption that because
women were confined to the private
world with limited access to the public
world they lacked opportunity for crime.
There was an assumption that because
women were confined to the private
world with limited access to the public
world they lacked opportunity for crime.
However, this situation is changing, with
women occupying roles in the workplace
and public life.
However, this situation is changing, with
women occupying roles in the workplace
and public life.
Women still have less opportunity for crimes but Wilkinson
found in California that where women were (arguably) equal
to men, they were engaged in similar levels of white-collar
crime. What does this suggest?
Women still have less opportunity for crimes but Wilkinson
found in California that where women were (arguably) equal
to men, they were engaged in similar levels of white-collar
crime. What does this suggest?

14. Social causes
1. The imperfect of legal system
2. The influence of unhealthy social phenomenon
3. The spread of junk culture
1. The imperfect of legal system
2. The influence of unhealthy social phenomenon
3. The spread of junk culture
Policies and practices: There are factors like negative policy
environment, gender insensitive policies .
Institutional causes: lack of or inadequate victim support services and
distances from courts, health facilities, police services, etc. which does
not provide enabling atmosphere.
Legal causes: inadequate legal provisions, inaccessibility of legal
services, and ignorance of rights and responsibilities
Policies and practices: There are factors like negative policy
environment, gender insensitive policies .
Institutional causes: lack of or inadequate victim support services and
distances from courts, health facilities, police services, etc. which does
not provide enabling atmosphere.
Legal causes: inadequate legal provisions, inaccessibility of legal
services, and ignorance of rights and responsibilities
Other causes

15. Female Crime StatisticsFemale Crime Statistics
Whilst they commit less than men,
women commit all types of offences.
Whilst they commit less than men,
women commit all types of offences.
Women’s property crime is motivated
by economic factors (just like men).
Women’s property crime is motivated
by economic factors (just like men).
Women fear and feel the impact of
the stigma of the ‘criminal’ label.
Women fear and feel the impact of
the stigma of the ‘criminal’ label.
Women offenders are seen as
'doubly deviant' - for breaking social
rules, and being viewed as
‘unfeminine’.
Women offenders are seen as
'doubly deviant' - for breaking social
rules, and being viewed as
‘unfeminine’.
Quantitative and
qualitative evidence
suggests:
Quantitative and
qualitative evidence
suggests:

17. Types of crimes committed by men and women in 2009 in
the US, England and Wales, and Italy using data on men and
women in prison shows that women, on average, tend to
commit mostly property crimes, in particular theft, fraud, and
drug offences
Types of crimes committed by men and women in 2009 in
the US, England and Wales, and Italy using data on men and
women in prison shows that women, on average, tend to
commit mostly property crimes, in particular theft, fraud, and
drug offences
Crime comparison between men and womenCrime comparison between men and women

19. Homicide rates (worldwide) :Homicide rates (worldwide) :

20. Will Women’s Crime Rise?Will Women’s Crime Rise?
Freda Adler (1975) believes that
women’s liberation will increase
women’s participation in criminal
activity.
Freda Adler (1975) believes that
women’s liberation will increase
women’s participation in criminal
activity.
Her evidence is partly based on a
growth of juvenile crime by (liberated)
girls.
Her evidence is partly based on a
growth of juvenile crime by (liberated)
girls.
Just as they are penetrating the labour
market, so they are moving also into
‘criminal careers’.
Just as they are penetrating the labour
market, so they are moving also into
‘criminal careers’.
However, Carol Smart (1979) criticises Adler on the grounds
that she (wrongly) sees juvenile delinquency as reflective of
future adult crime
However, Carol Smart (1979) criticises Adler on the grounds
that she (wrongly) sees juvenile delinquency as reflective of
future adult crime

22. Rise in Women’s CrimeRise in Women’s Crime
Stephen Box feels that any increase in women’s
property crime has more to do with poverty
(especially as lone-parents) than their liberation.
Stephen Box feels that any increase in women’s
property crime has more to do with poverty
(especially as lone-parents) than their liberation.
He also found a relationship between the
increasing employment of women police officers
and the recording of violent crime by women.
He also found a relationship between the
increasing employment of women police officers
and the recording of violent crime by women.
He suggests the authorities have also been
‘sensitized’, resulting in female crimes of
violence becoming more likely to be recorded.
He suggests the authorities have also been
‘sensitized’, resulting in female crimes of
violence becoming more likely to be recorded.

23. Meanings of Domestic ViolenceMeanings of Domestic Violence
Public admission of the violence
present in their family can make
women feel a strong sense of failure.
Public admission of the violence
present in their family can make
women feel a strong sense of failure.
Support for battered partners is not
always forthcoming from police,
family, friends, or the welfare
services.
Support for battered partners is not
always forthcoming from police,
family, friends, or the welfare
services.
The police traditionally regarded
‘domestics’ as private matters and
reluctant to intervene.
The police traditionally regarded
‘domestics’ as private matters and
reluctant to intervene.
From 1990s the Home Office have instructed the police to
treat domestic violence the same as any form of violence.
From 1990s the Home Office have instructed the police to
treat domestic violence the same as any form of violence.

24. Domestic ViolenceDomestic Violence
Betsy Stanko (2000) found an act of
domestic violence is committed every 6
seconds in Britain.
Betsy Stanko (2000) found an act of
domestic violence is committed every 6
seconds in Britain.
It is estimated that a quarter of all violent
crimes committed are "domestics“.
It is estimated that a quarter of all violent
crimes committed are "domestics“.
In 45-70% of cases, the father inflicts
violence on the children as well as the
mother (BMA Report, 1998).
In 45-70% of cases, the father inflicts
violence on the children as well as the
mother (BMA Report, 1998).

25. Women crime: Minimizing wayWomen crime: Minimizing way
Treat violence as a public health concernTreat violence as a public health concern
Localize programmesLocalize programmes
Focus on hotspotsFocus on hotspots
Create well-targeted programmesCreate well-targeted programmes
Focus on preventionFocus on prevention
Avoid repressive policiesAvoid repressive policies
Treat male and female violence as the same
issue
Treat male and female violence as the same
issue
Move away from the focus on povertyMove away from the focus on poverty
Keep in mind the impact of drugsKeep in mind the impact of drugs

26. Women crime: Minimizing wayWomen crime: Minimizing way
Be aware of the link between organized
crime and terrorism
Be aware of the link between organized
crime and terrorism
See violence as a prioritySee violence as a priority
Use non-violent languageUse non-violent language
Practicing social normsPracticing social norms
Stopping sexual harassmentStopping sexual harassment
Give the priority and opportunityGive the priority and opportunity

27. ConclusionConclusion
Women crime is less than men’s crime, but women
crime is more irritating and harmful for the society.
The understanding of women and crime must be
broadened to include general position of women
within a given social context. This concern not
abstract or simply of academic interest. Criminology
developed as a policy-oriented discipline.
Women crime is less than men’s crime, but women
crime is more irritating and harmful for the society.
The understanding of women and crime must be
broadened to include general position of women
within a given social context. This concern not
abstract or simply of academic interest. Criminology
developed as a policy-oriented discipline.

28. End of Slide Show