Management and Research of Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan

Management and Research of Conifer-
Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University
of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan
Dr. Toshiaki Owari
The University of Tokyo, Japan

Topics
 Forest and forestry in Japan
 The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
 Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 2

“Forest” and “Forestry” in Japanese?
 Forest
① Ki
② Hayashi
③ Mori
 Forestry
① Nōgyō
② Ringyō
③ Gyogyō

Surface Area by Use in Japan

Forest Resources in Japan

Rank in the World Planted Forests in 2011
Source: Colodette et al. (2012)

Comparison of Japanese Forests
between 1952 and 2007
Year Area
(1000 ha)
Growing
stock
(mil. m3)
Growing stock
per hectare
(m3/ha)
1952 24,745 1,722.87 70
2007 25,097 4,431.74 177
Source: Forestry Agency
2012/07/13 ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
13

Industrial Wood Supply in Japan

Harvesting Cost
 Sweden: 1,500 JPY m-3
 Finland: 1,400 JPY m-3
 Austria：3,100～3,600 JPY m-3
 Japan: 7,000 JPY m-3
Source: Forestry Agency (2005)

The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011
Source: Forestry Agency

Topics

The Univ. of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest
 Located in Furano, Hokkaido
 43°10´- 20´ N, 142°20´-
40´ E
 Between the cool-temperate and
the sub-boreal zone
 22,717 ha of forestland
 Established in 1899

ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
 Mixed forest with coniferous
and broad-leaved species
 Abies sachalinensis
 Picea jezoensis
 Quercus crispula
 Kalopanax pictus
 Fraxinus mandshurica
 Betura maximowicziana
 Tilia japonica
 The average standing
volume is 211 m3 ha-1
 The cutting volume was
23,000 m3 in 2011
2012/07/13 20
The Univ. of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest

ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 2012/07/13 22

Headwater

High-value Timber Production

Nursery

Topics

Stand-based Silvicultural Management
System…
 … has been used since 1958
 “Management should be adaptive to
the conditions of each stand to
maximize the multiple public and
economic functions of the forest
ecosystems (Takahashi, 2001)”
 … uses a method of single-tree
selection cutting
 Cutting cycle: 15 or 20 years
 Rate of removals: 10–17% of the
growing stock
Nobukiyo Takahashi
(1914–2002)

Changes in Growing Stock
200
300
400
500
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Selection stand
(5137)
Unmanaged stand
(5146)
453
466
424 408
476
311
289
314
(331)**
408
301
340
353
324
363
402
334
371
421
460
year
m3/ha
1969 C:B
Num. 87：13
Vol. 66：34
1975 C:B
Num. 67：33
Vol. 66：34
2007 C:B
Num. 66：34
Vol. 35：65
2008 C:B
Num. 54：46
Vol. 68：32
Cutting rate: 7%
Damaged
by wind Cutting rate: 8%
Cutting rate: 17%
(345)*

Spatially-explicit Classification
 … serves as the basis for spatial
management planning on where
to be cut (Owari et al., 2007)
 … identifies selection forests
where natural regeneration is
expectable so that selection
logging is applicable (Takahashi,
2001)
 In-depth ground surveys are
essential for spatial classification
(Owari et al., 2009)

The Classification Tree Model of Spatially-
explicit Classification Decisions
Source: Owari et al. (in press)

Tree Marking for Harvest
 … is an essential technique in
single-tree selection system
(Owari et al., 2010)
 … involves the careful selection of
trees for harvest according to
forest management objectives
(OMNR, 2004)
 … affects the growth, quality and
regeneration of a stand

Tree Marking in a Selection Forest
Note: Dark Green: Conifer, Light Green: Broad-leaves, Red: Harvest trees
Before Harvest After Harvest

Analysis of Tree Marking Decisions using
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis
Source: Owari et al. (2010)

Tree Marking with GPS
Fig. Harvest intensity
Source: Owari et al. (2011)

2
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
n=906 n=1676 n=1185 n=1409MeanTreedensity(trees/ha)
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
Fig. Change in species composition in terms of tree density
Long-term Effects of Selection System
Applications on Stand Structure
Source:
Tatsumi et al.
(2010)
44

Abies sachlinensis Picea jezoensis
Hardwood spp.
54
58
54
58
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Treedensity(tree/ha)
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
Fig. Diameter distribution
Long-term Effects on Stand Structure
45
Source: Tatsumi et al. (2010)

Spatial Distribution of Abies Juveniles
Source: Owari (2012)

Variable
This study
(5,111 ha)
Hosaka et al. (2008)*
(207 ha)
Dwarf bamboo coverage -
Overstory Abies BA + +
Slope + +
HLI: heat load index +
Elevation -
Curvature +
Solar radiation +
TWI: topographic wetness index ns
Note: „ns‟ indicates that the variable was not selected in the final model.
Tab. Results of the GLMM analysis
Relationships between Site Conditions
and Regeneration Abundance
Source: Owari (2012)

Future Research Topics
 Growth and yield models of conifer-hardwood mixed forests
 Economic analysis of multi-aged mixed forest management
 Ecosystem services of conifer-hardwood mixed forests
 Promotion of natural regeneration in managed forests
 Conversion from regular to irregular stand structure

Obrigado!
(Corresponding address: owari@uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp)

Management and Research of Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan

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Management and Research of Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan