3. What is a robot?
Robot comes from the Czech word robota,
meaning drudgery or slave-like labor.
3
US Patent General Motor plant, 1961
G. Devol and J. Engelberger (Unimation)
The first industrial robot
4. ROBOT
Defined by Robotics Industry Association
(RIA) as
a re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator
designed to move material, parts, tools or
specialized devices through variable programmed
motion for a variety of tasks
possess certain anthropomorphic
characteristics
mechanical arm
sensors to respond to input
Intelligence to make decisions
4
more “visionary” definition: intelligent
connection between perception and action
5. Why Use Robots?
Most robots are designed to be a helping hand.
They help people with tasks that would be difficult,
dirty, dangerous, or dull for a human
Can carry very heavy loads
Do not get bored doing the same job over and
over again, 24 hours a day.
Have been proven to increase productivity. 5
6. Robot Configurations
Some of the commonly used configurations in Robotics are
Cartesian/Rectangular Gantry(3P) : These Robots are made of 3
Linear joints that orient the end effector, which are usually followed
by additional revolute joints.
6
7. Robot Configurations (cont’d)
Cylindrical (R2P): Cylindrical coordinate Robots have 2 prismatic
joints and one revolute joint.
7
9. Robot Configurations (cont’d)
Articulated/anthropomorphic(3R) :An articulated robot’s joints are
all revolute, similar to a human’s arm.
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10. Robot Configurations (cont’d)
Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) (2R1P):
They have two revolute joints that are parallel and allow the Robot
to move in a horizontal plane, plus an additional prismatic joint that
moves vertically
10
12. Work Envelope Concept
Depending on the configuration and size of the
links and wrist joints, robots can reach a
collection of points called a Workspace.
Alternately Workspace may be found
empirically, by moving each joint through its
range of motions and combining all space it can
reach and subtracting what space it cannot
reach
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14. WRIST MOTIONS
typically has 3 degrees of freedom
Roll involves rotating the wrist about the arm
axis
Pitch up-down rotation of the wrist
Yaw left-right rotation of the wrist
End effector is mounted on the wrist
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16. What are the 7 broad areas often
Using Robots?
1. Dangerous environment
2. Industrial
3. Entertainment and Leisure
4. Space
5. Research
6. Underwater
7. Medical
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Application
18. Dangerous Environments
Predator flown via remote control by airmen
on the ground flies up to 25,000 feet.
Used to conduct reconnaissance and attack
operations; takes real-time photos of troop
movements on ground.
Soldier Rescue
Air Force Predator
(Aerial Vehicle)
Designed for Firefighter Rescue
Uses its arms to identify and pick up people who
might have passed out from smoke and fumes.
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19. Industrial Robots
A typical industrial robot is a robot
arm with several independent joints
and you will see them welding,
painting and handling heavy
materials..
‘Pick and place’ robots can move
products from a conveyor belt to
package them at very quick speeds.
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20. Industrial Robots
An AGV is a mobile robot
that follows markers or
wires in the floor, or uses
vision or lasers.
An example of a mobile robot that is in common use
today is the automated guided vehicle (AGV)
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21. Industrial Robots
Robots are very useful
in food processing since
it needs to be done in a
germ-free environment.
Robotic Paint
Sprayer
Used for stacking
products on pallets
for shipping and
storage.
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23. Space Robots
NASA is constantly
developing and producing
robots which can perform
maintenance in space –
especially on its International
Space Station.
2003 Rover landing
on Mars
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24. Space Robots
R2 is able to use the
same tools station crew
members use.
In the future, the greatest
benefits of humanoid
robots in space may be
as assistants or stand-in
for astronauts during
spacewalks or for tasks
too difficult or dangerous
for humans.
Humanoid robot joined crew of International Space Station
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25. Research Robots
One important area of robotics
research is to enable the robot to cope
with its environment
Honda is the company that is spending
a great deal of money developing
research robots, such as the Asimo
show on left.
ASIMO moves like we do and could be
useful to help the elderly or people in
wheelchairs. It can answer the door,
pick up the phone or get a cup of tea.
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26. Underwater Robots
Underwater robots are often
remote controlled vehicles
with thrusters for
maneuvering and robot
arms for grabbing.
They are particularly useful
in the oil industry for welding
and valve maintenance on
oilrigs.
Robotuna used for
exploration
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27. Medical Robots
In laboratories,
used too transport
biological or
chemical samples
between
instruments.
Used in minimal invasive
surgical procedures that reduce
trauma in surgery
Prosthetics.
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28. Future Medical Robots
Scientists believe that tiny robots (called “nanorobots”)
will be developed which will be used in patients’
bloodstreams to cure illness.
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29. Methods To Move
Other than by tracks & wheels
Flying Robots
Swimming Robots
Walking Robots Climbing Robots
Adhesive
bond
Electrostatic bond
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30. Industrial & service robots
Industrial robots
• automatically controlled, programmable, multipurpose, 3+ axes
• for use in industrial automation applications
• equipped with application-specific end-effectors
Service robots
• perform tasks excluding industrial automation
• usually application-specific design, often fewer than 3 axes
• sometimes not fully autonomous but remote-controlled
different customers, pricing, machinery, distribution channels, suppliers …
… but separation line is
blurring: same unit can
act as both, depending
on the application
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31. Industrial applications
• manipulation (pick-and-place, handling, machine feeding)
• assembly and packaging
• spray painting and coating (nozzles)
• arc welding or spot welding (with pneumatic or servo-controlled guns)
• laser cutting and welding
• gluing and sealing
• mechanical machining operations (milling, drilling, deburring, grinding, …)
31
A day in the life of an industrial robot (Video)
BMW Car Factory ROBOTS - Fast Manufacturing
spray painting
Play the video (Click the below hyperlink)
32. What’s next in industrial robotics?
“connected” future of robotics
self-optimizing production self-programming robots
robots doing the same task connect
across all global locations so
performance can be easily compared and
improved
robots automatically download what
they need to get started from a cloud
library and then optimize through “self-
learning”
connected and collaborative robots will enable SMART Manufacturing
for both SMEs & Global Enterprises
32
33. One possible example –future robotics
FRANKA EMIKA R:EVOLUTION
33
Meet Sophia: The first robot declared a citizen by Saudi Arabia
Play the video (Click the below hyperlink)
34. Thank you for attention this
semester!
34
Buy! See you
at the exam!
35. References
Industrial Robotics: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkNVhtOCcrE&feature=endscreen&NR=1
M-10iA Cream Cheese Packing Robots - FANUC Robotics Industrial Automation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vrxaz0_X3Qs
M-10iA Haas Machine Tool Loading Robot - FANUC Robotics Industrial Automation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMeh4AQx6_A
ABB Robotics - 10 most popular applications for robots: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fH4VwTgfyrQ
ABB Robotics - Cake decorating: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57F032tEbE4
Literature:
1. CHAPTER 10: ROBOTICS AND MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION, available on
http://www.pptnetwork.net/lecture-notes-in-manufacturing-automation
2. http://www.seminarpaper.com/2011/12/robotics-and-its-applications.html
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World Strongest Robot - KUKA KR1000 Titan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge-UyZG4kjY
KUKA Robot- Foundry Application at Automotive Plant:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5r0POxRcBI&feature=endscreen&NR=1
UNIMATION Robot - Puma 500: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04-j_wsuuSM
SCARA robot demonstration: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXXCk_LP8lg
High Speed Pancake stacking with Flexpicker Robots:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9oeOYMRvuQ&feature=endscreen&NR=1
and a lot of more on www.youtube.com