KEYSTONE HPSR Initiative // Module 12: Knowledge translation // Slideshow 1: Knowledge Translation This is the first slideshow of Module 12: Knowledge translation, of the KEYSTONE Teaching and Learning Resources for Health Policy and Systems Research To access video sessions and slides for all modules copy and past the following link in your browser: http://bit.ly/25vVVp1 Module 12: Knowledge translation Knowledge translation (KT) has been defined as “a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically-sound application of knowledge” in order to improve health. KT in HPSR engages organizational, behavioural and political elements to link research and action. This module attends to theories, debates, approaches and ethics of KT. There are 2 slideshows in this module. Module 11: Knowledge translation -Module 12 Slideshow 1: Knowledge Translation -Module 12 Slideshow 2: Knowledge Translation: Discussion & Questions The other modules in this series are: Module 1: Introducing Health Systems & Health Policy Module 2: Social justice, equity & gender Module 3: System complexity Module 4: Health Policy and Systems Research frameworks Module 5: Economic analysis Module 6: Policy analysis Module 7: Realist evaluation Module 8: Systems thinking Module 9: Ethnography Module 10: Implementation research Module 11: Participatory action research Module 13: Research Plan Writing KEYSTONE is a collective initiative of several Indian health policy and systems research (HPSR) organizations to strengthen national capacity in HPSR towards addressing critical needs of health systems and policy development. KEYSTONE is convened by the Public Health Foundation of India in its role as Nodal Institute of the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (AHPSR). The inaugural KEYSTONE short course was conducted in New Delhi from 23 February – 5 March 2015. In the process of delivering the inaugural course, a suite of teaching and learning materials were developed under Creative Commons license, and are being made available as open access resources. The KEYSTONE teaching and learning resources include 38 videos and 32 slide presentations organized into 13 modules. These materials cover foundational concepts, common approaches used in HPSR, and guidance for preparing a research plan. These resources were created and are made available through support and funding from the Alliance for Health Policy & Systems Research (AHPSR), WHO for the KEYSTONE initiative.

1. https://twitter.com/KeystoneHPSR
Building the HPSR CommunityBuilding HPSR Capacity
KEYSTONE
Inaugural KEYSTONE Course on Health Policy and Systems Research 2015
Knowledge Translation (KT)

2. Knowledge Translation
Rajani, Kerry, Shinjini, Kabir

3. Outline of presentation
• Knowledge to Action Gap
• Models for linking research to action
• “What” should be disseminated?
• Practical issues

4. Why is there a gap?
- Information exists in a form that may not
reach policy makers/programme implementers
or get their interest
- May not know that the information exists
- May not see the information as irrelevant to
their agenda
- Attribute motive to information - misguided or
false.
Adapted from Bennett & Jessani
2011

5. What is KT?
“a dynamic and iterative process that includes
synthesis, dissemination, exchange and
ethically-sound application of knowledge” in
order to improve health (Canadian Institutes
for Health Research).

6. A dialogic practice – unlike some other sciences
THE HEALTH SYSTEM
RESEARCHERS
Promote
inclusion of
excluded voices
Promote
reflection
and learning
Stimulate discourse
Inform policy choices
Reframe
debates
Synthesize and
analyze knowledge
KNOWLEDGE UTILIZATION
KNOWLEDGE CREATION
OTHER HEALTH
POLICY / SYSTEM
ACTORS

7. Forms of Knowledge
• Explicit: available in documents, orderly
collation of data and information;
• Potential: lies buried within data- but not yet
used
• Tacit: resides within people- not documented

8. Who is responsible for Knowledge
Translation?
Multiple actors
- Researchers,
- Policy Makers at different levels
- Civil society,
- Research funders

9. Models for linking research to action
Source:
Lavis et al
2006

10. Factors that affect Knowledge to
Translation
1. Personal contact between researchers & policy makers – Role of influence
2. Timeliness and relevance of research
3. Summary with clear recommendations (including costs)
4. Good quality research
5. Research that confirms current policy or endorsed self-interest
6. Issue of interest
7. Research that included effectiveness data
8. Power and budget struggles
9. Political instability or high turnover of policy-making staff
10.Politics and agendas may more easily trump decision making than “policy
evidence” (compared to clinical decisions)
Adapted from Innvaer et al 2002,

11. What should be disseminated?
• There are different types of evidence that
can be disseminated, such as findings from
individual studies, systematic review,
actionable messages.
• Marketing single studies, articles or reports
can do harm
• Systematic reviews: Are less likely to mislead,
Have higher precision (confidence in
predictions), More efficient use of time, Can
be more constructively contested -

12. How should knowledge be
disseminated and to whom?
• There are different ways in which it can be
disseminated - journals, policy briefs,
presentations, media brief, journal articles, using
social media, meetings conferences, internet fora
• Identify stakeholders – those most likely to use
the information, champions (to reach policy
makers with influence (also those likely to oppose
the information), craft a strategy for engagement,
disseminate and monitor action.

13. Developing and implementing a
communications strategy
• DFID, Vogel 2011
Research
Dissemination
distributing information
to various audiences
within the academic
community and
beyond in forms that
are appropriate to their
needs, often a one-
way process
Research
Communication
communicating research
outputs to a range of
intermediate and end
users, through an
iterative, interactive and
multi-directional process
nvolving a wide range of
stakeholders from
planning, through,
implementation and
monitoring and
evaluation
Research Uptake
Purposeful activities:
- stimulate end users of
research to become aware
of, access and apply
research knowledge
- create an enabling
environment by mobilising
intermediaires, knowlegde
brokers and the media to
contextualise and connect
research with end users in
policy and practice

14. HPSR research and clinical
/epidemiological research
• HPSR often uses research methods that are
perceived to be soft, value laden
• HPSR findings with focus on contexts -
palatable to some and not to others (complex
so straightforward recommendations cannot
be made)
• Different audiences- need to cater to both.

15. DATA to ACTION
• HMIS DATA: 32, 3, 15, 2013- (Alwar district-
block level data)
• INFORMATION: 32 home deliveries reported
in the last three months which is up from 15
from the same time in 2012.
• What next?

16. Thank You

17. Open Access Policy
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that we created for the course. While some of the material is in fact original, we have drawn from the large body of knowledge already available under
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copyrighted elsewhere as indicated) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license
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