This document discusses different types of catalysis. It defines catalysis as increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are classified based on their physical state as gas, liquid, or solid. They can also be classified based on being inorganic or organic substances. Catalysts are further divided into types based on whether the catalyst and reactants are in the same phase (homogeneous) or different phases (heterogeneous), and how the catalyst acts such as through acid-base mechanisms. The main types of catalysis discussed are homogeneous catalysis, where the catalyst and reactants are in the same phase, and heterogeneous catalysis, where they are in different phases.

1. SANSKRITI UNIVERSITY CHHATA , MATHURA
Assignment of GCT II
Session – 2020-21
Submitted To – Dr. D. Wadhwa
Submitted By – PREM SINGH (2001202011)
M.Sc. (IC)

2. CATALYSIS
 Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of
a chemical reaction by adding a substance
known as a catalyst.
 Catalysts are not consumed in the catalyzed
reaction but can act repeatedly.
Exa.. Ni, Cu, Pt, Al2O3 ,Fe, Rh, Pd, V2O5

3. Types of Catalysts
– Classification based on the its physical state, a catalyst
can be
• gas
• liquid
• solid
– Classification based on the substances from which a
catalyst is made
• Inorganic (gases, metals, metal oxides, inorganic acids, bases etc.)
• Organic (organic acids, enzymes etc.)

4. – Classification based on the ways catalysts work
• Homogeneous - both catalyst and all reactants/products are
in the same phase (gas or liq)
• Heterogeneous - reaction system involves multi-phase
(catalysts + reactants/products)
– Classification based on the catalysts’ action
• Acid-base catalysts
• Enzymatic
• Photocatalysis
• Electrocatalysis, etc.
 Catalysts and their associated catalytic reactions
come in three main types:
 Homogeneous catalysis
 Heterogeneouscatalysis
Homogeneous Catalysis
The catalyst and reactants are in the same phase, usually liquid.

5. Heterogeneous catalysis
Catalyst and reactants are in different phases.