Presentación sobre problemas agroalimentarios en el mundo.

1. CIRAD
Jean Christophe Glaszmann
FÓRUM AGRO-ALIMENTAR
Plataforma Tecnológica da Macaronésia
Funchal, July 9, 2015

2. INTA 26/11/2013INTA 26/11/2013
• Slight increase in the share of R&D expenditures
• Increase of the share of project-based funding
• A national agency for the evaluation of higher education and
research
• Towards a greater autonomy and role for the universities
• A national Investment in major programs and distributed
infrastructures
Global evolution of the
French higher education and research system

3. Working
together for
tomorrow’s
agriculture

4. Agriculture at the heart of global issues
From 7 billion people needing to be
fed today…
… to 9 billion by 2050
Population growth concentrated in
the South, in large cities
Three means of meeting this
challenge:
Producing more and better, on
limited areas
Changing food habits (waste and
diet)
Facilitating market access, reducing
price volatility

5. > Agricultural
research at the heart
of tomorrow’s
solutions

6. A staff of 1650, including 800 researchers
CIRAD worldwide

7. CIRAD worldwide
Réunion - Mayotte
West Indies-French Guiana
Ile de France
Languedoc-
Roussillon
Continental
Southeast Asia
Southeast
Asian
islands
East and
Southern
Africa
Continental
West Africa
Coastal
West
Africa
Central
Africa
Madagascar
Brazil
Mediterranean
Latin America
12 regional offices in the French overseas regions and abroad
A scientific hub in Montpellier
700 staff members based outside metropolitan France
Researchers in 40 countries
Collaborations with 90 countries

8. CIRAD’s values
Openness
Quality research
Sharing
Commitment to development

9. Very specific expertise
CIRAD generates knowledge and
helps build capacity, in support of
agricultural and rural development
With specific experience of
tropical commodity chains

10. Fruit and vegetables Sugarcane Cocoa Coffee
Rice Cotton Banana and plantain Oil palm
Animal production Animal production Rubber Forest species

11. Decades of field research in the South
A unique scientific and technical database
Specific experience of ecosystems, farming
practices and societal questions in the South
Recognized expertise
in assessing specific
situations and analysing
interactions between local
and global processes

12. A wide range of situations and players
So as to understand the changes
in farming systems better
So as to analyse the impact of
rapid change and the subsequent
risks: climate change, soil
degradation, land grabbing, price
instability, and so on
So as to foster innovation and
propose appropriate public policies

13. One main operating principle:
research in partnership
Working together to establish and
implement priorities
Working in the field, in the South,
where our partners are, in their
laboratories
Building our partners’ institutional
and scientific capacity

14. From vision to action
CIRAD’s six priority lines of research
1. Ecological intensification
2. Biomass energy and societies in the South
3. Safe, diversified food
4. Animal health and emerging diseases
5. Public policy, poverty and inequality
6. Agriculture, environment, nature and societies

15. Research and training platforms in
partnership worldwide

16. More thanMore than 300300 PhD studentsPhD students
supervised each year,supervised each year, 60 %60 % ofof
them from the Souththem from the South
International Masters courses run withInternational Masters courses run with
grandes écolesgrandes écoles and universitiesand universities
Training the talents of the future:
the need to link research
and higher education
800800 researchers andresearchers and technicianstechnicians
received and trainedreceived and trained each yeareach year

17. Research on the appropriate scale
Biological systems
Understanding biological systems, from molecule to
ecosystem
Tropical production and processing systems
Analysing farming practices and farming system
performance, from plot to farm level
Environments and societies
Supporting players in rural areas, from a local to a
global scale
Three research fields

18. six
axes
mandate – missions - strategy
Priority lines of research
Research departments
Joint research units

19. Bios:
Four thematic pilars
Diversity analyses
Functional analysis of G*E
interactions
Biological interactions
Ecological dynamics
35%
20%
20%
25%
six
axes
mandate – missions - strategy

20. Two main impact pathways
crop improvement
management of sanitary risks
six
axes
mandate – missions - strategy

21. Amélioration Génétique
et Adaptation des Plantes
méditerranéennes et tropicales
amélioration génétique et adaptation
des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales
21

22. Plant breeding for innovative
cropping systems
innovation mobilizing a range of
competences
biological resources
infrastructures
technologies/methodologies
partnerships, …
Plant breeding
Transforming genetic diversity into adaptation to agriculture(s)

23. Contexte de Montpellier
23

24. Projet scientifique
étendard
Nouvelles infrastructures
pour la conservation et l’analyse
des ressources biologiques
végétales
Programme
ARCAD Recherche
(2010-2013)
Programme
ARCAD Infrastructure
(201. ?)
Co-construction de la Communauté :
Le projet ARCAD
Agropolis Resource Center for Crop Conservation, Adaptation and Diversity
Un projet Scientifique, Un projet Immobilier
10M€3 M€
Régional +
24
CVC
V
CVC
V
2016

25. Les CRB associés à AGAP :
des outils au cœur de la diversité
Objectifs :
Garantir la transparence et la traçabilité des ressources
biologiques utilisées dans les activités de recherches de nos
clients.
Activités :
Recueil, préparation, multiplication, mise en collection,
conservation et diffusion de ressources biologiques.
à Montpellier et aux Antilles
associant
UR ASTRO
et
UMR AGAP
25
élément
du réseau
des CRB
INRA
associant
semences
cotonnier avec
UR SCA
de Persyst

26. germplasm
diversity
°C
H2O
CO2
utilization
food & non-food
quality
efficiency
productivity ideotypes
Evolution
Domestication
model
plants
crop varieties
agro-eco-systems
biotic stresses
services
performance
durabilityagro-ecology

27. Mapping
information
(QTLs, GWAS)
Knock-out
mutants
Selection
footprints
Expression
studies
Plant breeding,
genetic resources and modern biology

28. Cell dynamics
Architecture
variation
Physiological variation
Genetic variation
Histo-cytological variation
Confluences…
There are scientific confluences

29. • Diversity
• Populations
• Genome
• Actors
Confluences!

30. Plant species:
an open list
Banana with the
association of producers
in French West Indies
Sugarcane with eRcane
(Tereos group) in
La Réunion
Yam tetraploid varieties
with family producers in
Guadeloupe and Caribean

31. Dominique This
Jean-Marc Lacape
Fabrice Varoquaux
Pascal Gantet
Thierry Simonneau
CultiVar
Federative project, submitted to Agropolis fondation
March 2014 – April 2015
and
Diade, BGPI, IPME, LEPSE,
GAFL, Amap, LSTM, …
We need more breeders!!

32. What CultiVar is about
Strengthening our education system for training
more high level plant breeders and breeding-
science professionals
Implementing a broadened vision of plant breeding
• a careful balance between biological disciplines
• Cultivated Varieties (CultiVar) as multi-dimensional
objects for Science and Society
Mobilising researchers and frontier research into
training and education
Cultivating student diversity and international
partnerships
focus

33. UMRs
Frontier Res.
Edu. Res.
FRAMs
FRABs
seminars
Agropolis
Sibaghe  Gaia
APIMET, BPT
Partn.
LMIs DPs ingredients

34. Academic Institutional members:
227 research institutes,
universities, research
departments
with over 28 000 researchers and
staff in plant science
from 30 countries – 27 in Europe
and 3 beyond
+ 3 100 Personal members
Science and Science Policy activities
 Conferences, Workshops, Brainstorms
 Newsletter, Searchable database
Position papers
Academia - industry - farmer alliance
ETP Plants for the Future
Academic alliances: Initiative for Science
in Europe and Global Plant Council
Creating a Future for Plant Research in Europ
www.epsoweb.org
EPSO’s mission is to improve the impact and
visibility of plant science in Europe.
The association was founded in 2000.
It discusses with the European Commission,
Members of the European Parliament and
national politicians recommendations on
European and global science policy.

37. High interest from both sides, Europe AND DevCos
•invitations, e.g. similar workshop for Near East/N-Africa
Working towards shared view for opportunities and partnerships - Begin to shape
Defining initial set of pilot initiatives / areas for initial collaboration in SSA:
•Begin to develop 3 coordinated plant research initiatives:
• Cassava value chain
• Underutilised fruits and vegetable crops
• Maize and associated legumes
•To facilitate bi/multilateral partnerships for sust. intensification:
*** Scientific collaboration *** Capacity development
*** Participatory technology development & access
Developing white paper framework for partnership

40. CIRAD
Where and who we are
What we do and how
Biological systems research
Plant breeding research
Higher education
European scale
FÓRUM AGRO-ALIMENTAR
Plataforma Tecnológica da Macaronésia
Funchal, July 9, 2015

45. One major challenge for agronomical research
To ensure sustainable and equitable food security… (FAO 2010)
• Producing food that is affordable, safe, nutritionally adequate for health,
and culturally satisfactory
• While protecting biodiversity and ecosystems and optimizing the use of
natural resources…
• Creating jobs, generating income and promoting rural development
… in the context of multiple transitions
• Growing world population
• Food and nutritional transitions
• Dwindling natural resources
• Increasing energy prices and decreasing availability of fossil carbon

46. Investissements d’Avenir
Partenariats à l’échelle nationale
46

47.  Développement d’outils logiciels pour la gestion de la diversité
sous assurance qualité (BRC-tools, AQ-Tools, Géné-PI,…)
• Gestion des collections
• Traçabilité des échanges
• Statut juridique des accessions
• Catalogue en ligne sur notre serveur web.
 Transfert de compétences et formations
• Porteur de l’extension de la norme NF aux CRB animaux et végétaux.
• Appui à la certification des autres CRB végétaux
• Expertise auprès de nos partenaires (Togo, …)
• Accompagnement et formation aux outils et procédures mis au points au
CRB-T :
• Pour des structures diverses : Plate-forme, INRA, CHU, UMR,
Privés, …
• 13 serveurs interconnectés hébergeant 36 sites partageant la même
logique de gestion sous assurance qualité
Le CRB-T est présent et actif dans la communauté des CRB
végétaux, mais aussi animaux, humains et micro-
organismes.
Réalisations du CRB-T de
Montpellier
47

48. • Coordination des projets : « CARAMBA » (FEDER) et « Safe-PGR »
(Outre-mers Européens) Cirad AGAP, BGPI Guadeloupe et Montpellier, Cirad
PVBMT Réunion, INRA Bordeaux, Universités de Madère et des Açores
Optimisation du diagnostic viral pour l’assainissement, sécurisation pour la
fourniture
Vers une caractérisation de la variation phénotypique somaclonale
en vue
d’études épigénétiques ?
Développement d’outils logiciels pour la gestion de la diversité sous
assurance qualité (OLGA)
Réalisations du CRB-PT Antilles
► Umber et al. (accepté) Molecular Plant Pathology
► http://collections.antilles.inra.fr/
► intertrop.antilles.ira.fr/demo/
► insectes.antilles.ira.fr
 Recherches propres: impacts de la diversité virale
dans les collections pour le diagnostic et
l’assainissement ?
 Projet Inter-TROP : Appel d’offres IBiSA 2010-2012
• Coordination du projet réalisé avec les CRBs INRA et Cirad Guadeloupe,
Cirad Guyane, Cirad Réunion, IRD Montpellier et Réunion, Cirad Montpellier
48

49.  Activité : enrichissement, collecte, stockage, caractérisation
• près de 800 populations naturelles, 1300 lignées fixées et de nombreux matériels
scientifiques
• de nouvelles prospections ont été conduites en 2011 et 2012 en France et en Espagne
• Introduction en 2012 de collections de référence des espèces M. truncatula, M. littoralis et
M. tornata du National Plant Germplasm System (USA)
• Poursuite de la production de descendances
 Système d’information : description, interopérabilité des bases de
données
• Les données du CRB Medicago truncatula ont été insérées dans le système national en
2012 (Site web : http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/siregal/)
• Site web local (http://www.montpellier.inra.fr/BRC-MTR/) comportant un module de
commande en ligne pour la partie la plus demandée des ressources génétiques
conservées, à savoir les core-collections issues de la diversité naturelle.
Distribution à des laboratoires extérieurs privés ou publics, ouverture à
des projets externes.
• Contribution au consortium international de reséquençage de la diversité naturelle et de
détection de SNP (http://www.medicagohapmap.org/).
• Douze articles associant des membres du CRB pour leur contribution et expertise en
matière de germplasm.
• Six contrats de recherche finançant la participation du CRB
Réalisations du CRB-Medicago
49

50. OGM
ITPGRFA semences
…
Des sujets
de société
peu traités
Des
réflexions
collectives
peu
valorisées

51. cropping systems
production systems
Breedingchain
Plant breeding, core
“Plant breeding, the art and science of changing the traits
of plants in order to produce desired characteristics” focus

52. cropping systems
production systems
Breedingchain
Plant breeding, core
“Plant breeding, the art and science of changing the traits
of plants in order to produce desired characteristics” focus

53. Ecophysiology
Social sciences
Genetic engineering
focus

54. CIRAD worldwide
Researchers assigned to
40 countries
Collaborative projects in 90
countries

55. An original research organization
National public institution status,
but a global mission
Targeted research for development
Based on 50 years’ experience in
the field, and an original approach

56. ideotype
diversity/homogeneity
bio-technology
cooperation/alignment
ABS/property
lock
socio-cultural technological
subsistence
crops
industrial
crops
Pertinence of the linear model?