Requirements of human are increasing tremendously with massive change along with the evolution of human and its development. This creates stress on the natural resources; such as water, lands, forest, etc. Freshwater demand is highly increased with the growing population and the change in lifestyle of people. Hence, the concept of interbasin water transfer was developed to minimize water scarcity and to distribute water as per requirements. However, this has brought lots of negative consequences that became a challenge to preserve the earth systems. The National River Linking Plan (NRLP) is developed by the Government of India to resolve water scarcity and that plan became controversial especially on the transboundary water right issues. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to highlight all the major and minor consequences that might happen due to the NRLP project with the perspective of making sustainable environmental development. The study revealed that for the sustainable development; every issue related to nature, socio-cultural and transboundary water right must be addressed and water should be distributed in such a manner that it solves the issues of spatial and temporal water availability.
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INTER-BASIN WATER TRANSFER – Is THIS a solution for water scarcity?
1. Pabitra Gurung
PhD Student (230111762)
gurung@unbc.ca
Presentation for the course NRES-801
Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (NRES)
University of Northern British Columbia
Prince George, BC, CANADA
4/17/2014
INTER-BASIN WATER
TRANSFER – IS THIS A
SOLUTION FOR WATER
SCARCITY?
2. 4/17/2014
Outline
Background
Global Water Transfer/River Linking
Nechako River Water Transfer
Water Scarcity and Water Transfer
Ganges River Basin
River Linking Plan of India
Impact of River Linking
(Advantages & Disadvantages)
Transboundary Issues
Conclusion
Discussion
6. 4/17/2014
Background: Global Water Transfer/River Linking
For the generation of hydropower: Local Project in BC, Canada
Source: WIKIPEDIA
Kenney Dam, from which runoff is
diverted from the Nechako River to a
coastal watershed, the Kemano River
7. 4/17/2014
Background: Water Scarcity and Water Transfer
Source: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Physical and Economic water scarcity in 2025
8. 4/17/2014
Background: Water Scarcity and Water Transfer
Source: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Physical and Economic water scarcity in 2025
10. 4/17/2014
River Linking Plan of India
Source: Water Resources System Division, National Institute of Hydrology, India
India’s National River Linking
Program (NRLP), National Water
Development Agency (NWDA)
16 probable links of the Peninsular
Rivers
14 probable links of the Himalayan
Rivers
Increasing population and
improved living standard
Water stress in western and
middle part of the India
11. 4/17/2014
Impact on Hydrology
Water supply and Salinity (Advantages and Disadvantages)?
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Storage & Use within a Basin
Flow after Storage
Natural Flow
Storage
Release
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Storage & Diversion
Flow after Diversion
Natural Flow
Diversion
Drawdown
Riverflow
Riverflow
Hydrograph
12. 4/17/2014
Impact on Environment and Ecology
Environmental deterioration
Threat to wildlife (specially for Bengal
Tigers, Elephants, Wild Buffaloes)
Submergence of agricultural and forest
lands
Bio-diversity will be on great risk
Effect on the endangered species
Salt water intrusion in coastal area
18. 4/17/2014
Conclusion
Water is essential to all for the sustainable life and socio-
economic development
Change in river basin hydrology and ecology will create problem
of social-economic and ecological stress
Proper distribution of water in space and time is required
Issues of different state and country must be addressed
Social and religious value of the river should be maintained
Advantages and disadvantages require proper evaluation
Thus it is of primary importance that studies at various spatial
scales are conducted to better understand the impacts of
future water diversions in India and other regions of the
world.
19. Forest, P.; 2012. Transferring bulk water between Canada and the United States: More than a
century of transboundary inter-local water supplies. Geoforum. 43(1): 14-24.
Gohari, A.; Eslamian, S.; Mirchi, A.; Abedi-Koupaei, J.; Bavani, A.M.; Madani, K.; 2013. Water
transfer as a solution to water shortage: A fix that can Backfire. Journal of Hydrology. 491: 23-
39.
Gupta, J.; van der Zaag, P.; 2008. Interbasin water transfer and integrated water resources
management: Where engineering, science and politics interlock. Physics and Chemistry of the
Earth. 33(1-2): 28-40.
Misra, A.K.; Saxena, A.; Yaduvanshi, M.; Mishra, A.; Bhadauriya, Y.; Thakur, A.; 2007.
Proposed river-linking project of India: a boon or bane to nature. Environmental Geology.
51(8): 1361-1376.
Verma, S.; Kampman, S.V.; van der Zaag, P.; Hoekstra, A.Y.; 2009. Going against the flow: A
critical analysis of inter-state virtual water trade in the context of India’s National River
Linking Program. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 34(4-5): 261-269.
References
21. 4/17/2014
How river-linking/water-transfer will impact bio-
diversity, ecology, environment and eco-tourism?
What are human’s water rights and justices?
Who is responsible to maintain better
environment?
What are the consequences of going against the
flow and nature?
What should be a transboundary water use policy?
Questions for Discussion ?
Notes de l'éditeur
Again, too much information on one slide.
Kenney Dam, from which runoff is diverted from the Nechako to a coastal watershed, the Kemano River.
The map is somewhat difficult to read. What do the colors mean?
Delete "on" before "bio-diversity".In the second statement, write "What are human's water rights and justices?“Not sure what you're trying to say here, but perhaps "Is there a need for an improved environment and who is responsible to maintain it?“Again, not sure what you mean by "going agains the flow and nature".