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1. 1561-1626 Francis Bacon (LordVerulam)
1588-1679 Thomas Hobbes
1596-1650 Rene Descartes
1623-1662 Blaise Pascal
1632-1677 Baruch Spinoza
1632-1704 John Locke
1646-1716 GottfriedWilhelm Leibniz
1685-1753 George Berkeley
1694-1778 Voltaire (François Marie Arouet)
1711-1776 David Hume
1710-1796 Thomas Reid
1712-1778 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1724-1804 Immanuel Kant
1748-1832 Jeremy Bentham
1762-1814 Johann Gottlieb Fichte
1775-1854 Friedrich Schelling
1770-1831 GeorgW. F. Hegel
1788-1860 Arthur Schopenhauer
1806-1873 John Stuart Mill
1813-1855 Søren Aabye Kierkegaard
1839-1914 Charles Sanders Peirce
1842-1910 William James
1844-1900 Friedrich Nietzsche
1848-1925 Gottlob Frege
Name Date Work or Event
Bacon 1620 NovumOrganum(NewOrganum)
Descartes 1637 Discoursdelaméthode(DiscourseonMethod)
1641 MeditationesdePrimaPhilosophia(MeditationsonFirstPhilosophy)
1644 PrincipiaPhilosophiae(PrinciplesofPhilosophy)
1648 End ofThirtyYears’War; Peace ofWestphalia
Hobbes 1651 Leviathan
Pascal 1665 LesPensées(Thoughts)
Spinoza 1677 EthicaOrdineGeometricoDemonstrata(Ethics)
Leibniz 1686 DiscoursdeMetaphysique(DiscourseonMetaphysics)
1689 English ActofToleration
Locke 1689-1692 LettersConcerningToleration
1690 AnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding
1690 TwoTreatisesofCivilGovernment
1707 United Kingdom of Great Britain is formed (union of England and Scotland)
Berkeley 1710 ATreatiseConcerningthePrinciplesofKnowledge
1713 ThreeDialogouesBetweenHylasandPhilonous
Leibniz 1714 LaMonadologie(Monadology)
1730-55 First Great Awakening (America; 1740 peak)
Hume 1748, 51 AnEnquiryConcerningHumanUnderstanding
Rousseau 1750 DiscourssurlesSciencesetlesArts(DiscourseontheSciencesandtheArts)
Voltaire 1759 Candide,oul’Optimisme(Candide,orOptimism)
Rousseau 1762 Émile,oul’education(Ethics:or,onEducation)
1762 Ducontratsocial(OntheSocialContract)
Reid 1764 AnInquiryintotheHumanMindonthePrinciplesofCommonSense
1775-83 American RevolutionaryWar
Kant 1781, 1787 KritikderreinenVernunft(CritiqueofPureReason)
1785 GrundlegungzurMetaphysikderSitten(GroundingfortheMetaphysicsofMorals)
1788 KritikderpractischenVernunft(CritiqueofPracticalReason)
Bentham 1789 AnIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislation
1789 French Revolution; Fall of the Bastille
Kant 1790 KritikderUrteilskraft(CritiqueofJudgment)
1790-1840 Second Great Awakening (America; 1824 revivals led by Charles Finney)
Fichte 1794-95 GrundlagedergesamtenWissenschaftslehre(FoundationsoftheScienceofKnowledge)
Schelling 1800 SystemdesTranszendentalenIdealismus(SystemofTranscendentalIdealism)
Hegel 1807 PhänomenologiedesGeistes (PhenomenologyofMind)
Fichte 1810 DarstellungderWissenschaftslehre(OutlinesoftheDoctrineofKnowledge)
Hegel 1812-16 WissenschaftderLogik(ScienceofLogic)
1815 Defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte;Treaty ofVienna (Europe)
1817 WissenschaftenimGrundrisse(EncyclopediaofthePhilosophicalSciences)
Schopenhauer 1818 DieWeltalsWilleundVorstellung(TheWorldasWillandRepresentation)
Hegel 1820 GundlinienderPhilosophiedesRechts(ElementsofthePhilosophyofRight)
Kierkegaard 1843 Enten-Eller(Either-Or)
1843 FrygtogBæven(FearandTrembling)
1844 BegrebetAngest(TheConceptofDread)
1846 AfsluttendeUvidenskabeligEfterskrift(ConcludingUnscientificPostscript)
1847 OpbyggeligeTaler (EdifyingDiscourses)–PartI:PurityofHeartistoWillOneThing
1849 SygdomenTilDøden(TheSicknessuntoDeath)
Mill 1861 Utilitarianism
1861-65 American CivilWar
Nietzsche 1872 DieGeburtderTragödieausdemGeistederMusik(TheBirthofTragedyfromtheSpiritofMusic)
Peirce 1877 TheFixationofBelief
1878 HowtoMakeOurIdeasClear
Nietzsche 1882 DieFröhlicheWissenschaft(TheGayScience)
1883 AlsoSprachZarathustra(ThusSpokeZarathustra)
1886 JenseitsvonGutundBöse(BeyondGoodandEvil)
James 1890 PrinciplesofPsychology
Frege 1892 ÜberSinnundBedeutung(OnSenseandReference)
Nietzsche 1901 DerWillezurMacht(WilltoPower)(Posthumous)
James 1902 TheVarietiesofReligiousExperience
1907 Pragmatism:ANewNameforSomeOldWaysofThinking
Nietzsche 1908 EcceHomo(EcceHomo)(Posthumous)
1914-18 FirstWorldWar
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1650 – 1900Philosophers and theirWorks