“Quote an Outside Female Scientist” - A Science Press Release Experiment

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The following is a research paper presentation for Experimental Methods at Louisiana State University. All research is based on an IRB-approved survey experiment conducted by Paige Brown in Spring 2014. Please contact Paige for more details. Update: Gender of the survey taker was controlled for in statistical analyses describing the effects of gender in the press release.

Sciences Actualités & Politique Technologie

Image: Nature feature
http://www.nature.com/news/specials/sciencejournalism/index.html
What’s wrong with this picture? (Hint* Women in science?!)

Control Conflict/Controversy news factor Reliability of facts news factor
“This survey concerns an
interest in how science
journalists use a variety
of news factors in their
selection of potential
science news stories…
“This survey concerns an interest in how
science journalists use conflict or
controversy as criteria in their selection of
potential science news stories. [description
of conflict / controversy] Part I of this survey
revealed that on average, science journalists
rated conflict or controversy as an
important criterion of newsworthiness in
their selection and production of potential
science news stories […] rated this news
factor 8.0 on an 11-point scale…
This survey concerns an interest in how
science journalists use reliability of factual
information as a criterion in their selection
of potential science news stories.
[description of reliability of facts] Part I of
this survey revealed that on average,
science journalists rated reliability of
factual information as an important
criterion in their selection and production
of potential science news stories. […] rated
this news factor 9.9 on an 11-point scale…
1. News Factor Priming condition (random assignment)
2. Press Release on a Scientific Study
(independent random assignment)
Confirming quote
(female)
Confirming quote
(male)
Disconfirming quote
(female)
Disconfirming quote
(male)
3. Survey Questions: How newsworthy was the press release?

Table 3.
Based on your reading, on a scale of
0-10, how newsworthy is the story in
the press release in terms of…
Confirming Press
Release
Disconfirming Press
Release
Mean SD Mean SD
Significance/Public Impact 7.99** 2.47 6.85 2.64
Meaningfulness/Relevance to
readers
7.15* 2.60 6.25 2.61
Novelty/Unexpectedness 7.40 2.42 7.01 2.40
Currency 8.23** 2.46 7.17 2.77
Conflict/Controversy 3.94 2.53 5.08** 2.50
Unambiguity 6.36* 2.64 5.49 2.44
Reliability of Facts 7.47** 2.20 6.65 2.36
Human Interest 6.92** 2.90 5.78 2.90
Note: *p < .05; **p < .01

Table 4 – Post-Hoc comparisons for press release stimulus condition based on gender of quoted outside
source.
Confirming
Female
Confirming
Male
Disconfirming
Female
Disconfirming
Male
Univariate F Partial
eta2
Likelihood1 1.96 .027
M 6.11a 5.28ab 4.84b 4.80b
S.E. .42 .41 .46 .45
Likelihood2 1.04 .015
M 5.52a 4.71a 4.53a 4.86a
S.E. .42 .41 .45 .45
Likelihood3 1.21 .017
M 6.52a 6.28a 5.62a 6.16a
S.E. .33 .32 .36 .35
Likelihood4 .25 .02
M 6.94a 7.15a 6.41a 6.27a
S.E. .35 .34 .37 .37
Multivariate: Wilk’s lamda = .937, F(12, 548) = 1.14, p > .05, Partial Eta Squared = .022
Means with different lowercase subscripts are significantly different from one another, p < .05 (no
adjustment for multiple comparisons).

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Mustard, as a crop, is susceptible to a variety of pests that can affect its growth and yield. Here’s a rundown of some common pests that target mustard plants: Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can cause significant damage by feeding on the leaves and stems. Aphids also excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can lead to the growth of sooty mold on the plants. Flea Beetles: These tiny beetles jump like fleas when disturbed and chew small holes in the leaves. They are particularly damaging in the early growth stages of the plant. Cabbage Loopers: The larvae of a type of moth, these caterpillars are known for their distinctive looping movement. They chew large holes in the leaves and can defoliate plants if present in large numbers. Diamondback Moth Larvae: Another caterpillar pest, these larvae chew small holes in the leaves and can cause extensive damage, especially when infestations are heavy. Whiteflies: These are tiny, winged insects that feed on plant sap and can quickly become a problem in greenhouse or close planting conditions. Like aphids, they also secrete honeydew. Cutworms: These are the larvae of certain types of moths and are known for cutting young plants at the stem base at ground level. They are most destructive during the night. Root Maggots: The larvae of root maggot flies, these pests attack the roots of mustard plants, causing wilting and potentially killing young plants. Harlequin Bugs: These are colorful stink bugs that suck the sap from mustard plant stems and leaves, causing the leaves to become stippled, wilt, and eventually die if the infestation is severe. Mustard Sawfly: The larvae of the mustard sawfly can cause considerable defoliation, as they feed voraciously on the leaves. Clubroot: Caused by a fungus-like organism, clubroot affects the roots, causing them to swell and distort. While technically a disease, it is often associated with pest management because controlling it involves similar preventative strategies. Control Measures: Managing pests in mustard involves a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical methods. Crop rotation, resistant varieties, timely sowing, maintaining plant health, and using natural predators like ladybugs and parasitic wasps can help keep pest populations under control. Chemical pesticides should be used as a last resort due to their potential impact on the environment and non-target species.

Pests of mustard_Identification_Management_Dr.UPR.pdf

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Pests of cotton_Borer_Pests_Binomics_Dr.UPR.pdf

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“Quote an Outside Female Scientist” - A Science Press Release Experiment

1. DonStalons,CDC.gov

3. Image: Nature feature http://www.nature.com/news/specials/sciencejournalism/index.html What’s wrong with this picture? (Hint* Women in science?!)

4. Control Conflict/Controversy news factor Reliability of facts news factor “This survey concerns an interest in how science journalists use a variety of news factors in their selection of potential science news stories… “This survey concerns an interest in how science journalists use conflict or controversy as criteria in their selection of potential science news stories. [description of conflict / controversy] Part I of this survey revealed that on average, science journalists rated conflict or controversy as an important criterion of newsworthiness in their selection and production of potential science news stories […] rated this news factor 8.0 on an 11-point scale… This survey concerns an interest in how science journalists use reliability of factual information as a criterion in their selection of potential science news stories. [description of reliability of facts] Part I of this survey revealed that on average, science journalists rated reliability of factual information as an important criterion in their selection and production of potential science news stories. […] rated this news factor 9.9 on an 11-point scale… 1. News Factor Priming condition (random assignment) 2. Press Release on a Scientific Study (independent random assignment) Confirming quote (female) Confirming quote (male) Disconfirming quote (female) Disconfirming quote (male) 3. Survey Questions: How newsworthy was the press release?

5. Male Condition Female Condition

8. Table 3. Based on your reading, on a scale of 0-10, how newsworthy is the story in the press release in terms of… Confirming Press Release Disconfirming Press Release Mean SD Mean SD Significance/Public Impact 7.99** 2.47 6.85 2.64 Meaningfulness/Relevance to readers 7.15* 2.60 6.25 2.61 Novelty/Unexpectedness 7.40 2.42 7.01 2.40 Currency 8.23** 2.46 7.17 2.77 Conflict/Controversy 3.94 2.53 5.08** 2.50 Unambiguity 6.36* 2.64 5.49 2.44 Reliability of Facts 7.47** 2.20 6.65 2.36 Human Interest 6.92** 2.90 5.78 2.90 Note: *p < .05; **p < .01

9. Table 4 – Post-Hoc comparisons for press release stimulus condition based on gender of quoted outside source. Confirming Female Confirming Male Disconfirming Female Disconfirming Male Univariate F Partial eta2 Likelihood1 1.96 .027 M 6.11a 5.28ab 4.84b 4.80b S.E. .42 .41 .46 .45 Likelihood2 1.04 .015 M 5.52a 4.71a 4.53a 4.86a S.E. .42 .41 .45 .45 Likelihood3 1.21 .017 M 6.52a 6.28a 5.62a 6.16a S.E. .33 .32 .36 .35 Likelihood4 .25 .02 M 6.94a 7.15a 6.41a 6.27a S.E. .35 .34 .37 .37 Multivariate: Wilk’s lamda = .937, F(12, 548) = 1.14, p > .05, Partial Eta Squared = .022 Means with different lowercase subscripts are significantly different from one another, p < .05 (no adjustment for multiple comparisons).

“Quote an Outside Female Scientist” - A Science Press Release Experiment

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