This document provides notes from a presentation on content delivery networks (CDNs). It discusses key internet trends driving growth in CDN usage, including the rise of cloud services, online video, mobile devices, and e-commerce in Asia. The presentation covers how CDNs help deliver content to users more quickly and reliably by caching it at network edges. It also describes different CDN models like traditional CDNs, enterprise CDNs, and transparent caching operated by internet service providers. The document concludes by discussing future directions for CDNs, such as integrating more with cloud platforms, establishing standards, and providing more personalized content delivery.
Unblocking The Main Thread Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
CDN Trends and Future
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Presentation Notes
Paul Southern, Pasoco Pte Ltd
Paul Southern
Speaker:
Content Manager:
Title of presentation:
Name of Event:
Location of Event:
Presentation date/time:
Length of presentation
Audience:
Thursday 15 August 2013, 4-530pm
60 (plus Q&A)
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Singapore Chapter
Franklin at Level 11, Connexis South Tower, 1 Fusionopolis Way,
Singapore 138632
CDN
Public, non NDA. A*Star, NUS. IEEE members
Press Announcement: https://meetings.vtools.ieee.org/meeting_view/list_meeting/19605
Host: Guo Huaqun (I2R)
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Paul Southern
• 25 years in IT, telco, media and digital
experiences
• Large MNCs and startups
• Mature and emerging markets on 6 continents
• IPTV/OTT, cloud, CDN, Asianization, UX
• Sales, strategy, CTO, business development,
development, support, Professional Services,
consulting, founder
• CTO APACcache
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Internet megatrends 1
• Cloud: 1/3 of all data will live in the cloud by
20201, 2/3 of all workloads2
• Media: More than 90% of Internet traffic will
be video by 20151
• Mobile: 50 billion / 10:1 devices per internet
user by 20202
• Security: Cyber attacks cost companies up to
$100,000/min3
Sources: 1-Cisco, 2-Akamai 3-McAfee, all c/o Akamai
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Internet megatrends 2
• 45% of world’s internet users in Asia1
• 11m new users every month1
• 64% of Asians purchased online2
• $1T, +21% global eCommerce revenue in 20122
• 69% of Asians watch internet video1
• 2X India online video consumption 2011-20133
Sources: 1-We are social, Oct. 2012, 2-eMarketer, Feb. 2013, 3-Comscore,
May 2013, all c/o Akamai
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Media explosion
• Media traffic Tbps
– 2006 = 1
– 2009 = 2.6
– 2012 = 10
– 2015 est = 50
– 2020 est = hundreds
Sources: Akamai
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Drivers for CDN
• The internet – topology, investment, ownership
• Users’ expectations
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℗
Driver #1 – The internet
• The internet is a collection of nodes and links
– National operators
– Transnational operators
– Peering points & bottlenecks
– Access control
• Commercial considerations
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℗
Delivering internet content
• Backends (eg: CMS) to web-servers to NICs to the
internet
• Multiple operators & bandwidth costs
• Last mile
• Last meter
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Example: Changi Cable Landing Station
• Station Name: Changi Cable Landing Station, or Changi CLS
• Station Owner: Singtel
• Available Backhaul Providers: Singtel, Tata, Pacnet, etc.
• Submarine Cable Systems:
– AAG
– APCN
– EAC
– TIC (Tata Indicom Cable)
– TGN-IA
– TIS (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore)
– MIC-1 (Moratelindo International Cable-system One)
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CDN math for 2020
• Demand (at the edge)
– 1.5B Primetime Viewers x 7 Mbps = 10,000 Tbps
– 400M Lines x 25 Mbps = 10,000 Tbps
• Supply (at the core)
– 100 Major Networks X 5 Tbps = 500 Tbps
• 500/10,000 = only 5% of demand served !
Source: Akamai, Jan 2013
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Latency: the business impact
• A 0.1sec increase in loading time…
= a 1% decrease in sales. (1% of Amazon’s 2012
sales = $480M)1
• A 0.5sec increase in loading time…
= a 20% decrease in traffic and ad revenues.2
• After 3sec wait…
57% of users give up, of which 80% never come
back.3
Sources: 1-Amazon c/o Ericsson, 2-Google c/o Ericsson, 2-Edgecast
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CDN beginnings
• Pre-CDN technologies for websites: server farms,
hierarchical caching, caching proxies.
• Akamai (ex MIT) accelerates on-demand
“Breaking News” video.
• In parallel:
– Big ISPs & Hosters build their own CDNs.
– CDN network operators enter market.
• Cloud provider deploy CDN (and vice versa).
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Traditional CDN – how it works
• Content delivery component
– Origin server and a set of edge servers (surrogates) to replicate
content
• Content distribution component
– Moves content from the origin to edge servers and ensures
consistency
• Request-routing component
– Direct user requests to edge servers
– Interact with the distribution component to keep an up-to-date
view of content
• Accounting component
– Maintains logs of client accesses and records usage of the
servers
– Assists in traffic reporting and usage-based billing
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Video
• Live vs On-demand
– Live = in realtime, concurrent, multicast
– On-demand = not realtime, unicast
• Big live events
– Inaugurations, weddings, sport events, chats
• Obama 2010 on CNN.com: 1.3m
• Royal wedding 2011 on Akamai: 2.9m + Others
• On-demand
– Esp viral video, breaking news
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CDN vs Cloud
• Cloud centralized & CDN at edge
– Complementary
– CDNs doing cloud, Clouds doing CDN
– Eg: Microsoft Azure CDN, Amazon AWS (S3, EC2,
Cloudfront)
• Many origins in cloud, eg: in AWS
– Especially good for large object, eg: AWS S3
• ChinaCache’s Orca
– Management systems in cloud (prov, billing, mtc)
– Objects from origins moved to cloud (new origin) then
cached
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Future of CDN
• CDN standards / federated CDNs
• Off-the-shelf application-specific mini-CDNs, eg:
– Learning environments with interactive
• Similar to Go To Meeting, Webex
– Digital signage
– CSN / Content Service Netwokr
• Partnerships
– CDN operator + Cloud / Carrier / Hoster
• Proprietary networks
– Differentiation, plugins
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Future of CDN
• Service-Oriented Architecture
– Content management based on users’ preferences
– Personalization based on data mining
– Convergence with big-data systems
• Edge compute & DSA
– Scripts, animations, DHTML, XML
– IOT / internet of things