This document discusses techniques for excavating archaeological sites and analyzing recovered artifacts and materials. It covers topics such as taphonomy, methods for mapping sites, stratigraphy, vertical and horizontal excavation procedures, dating techniques including relative dating using stratigraphy and association, and absolute dating methods like radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, and radiopotassium dating. The goal of analysis is to determine attributes, dates, and environmental context to learn about how sites were formed and occupied. A multidisciplinary approach using several dating techniques together is recommended to overcome the limitations of any single method.