Android and iOS Mobile OS

ANDROID MOBILE OS
WHAT IS ANDROID?
 Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for
touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android's user interface is mainly based on direct
manipulation, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and
pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input.
INTRODUCTION
 In each of our eight installments over as many weeks, we'll track the technologies, handsets, people and events
that shaped Android throughout its life, bringing you a unique insight into a platform used by over a billion people.
 We'll see how Android has grown from a scrappy startup to a position of dominance over the mobile landscape,
while pushing into new product areas like wearable’s and automotive — and how fortunes have changed in the
cut-throat mobile business over the past eight years.

BEFORE ANDROID
 Several years before Android existed, there was a small mobile software company called Danger, founded by
veteran Apple engineer Andy Rubin.
 The one huge claim to fame Danger had was the Hiptop, a smartphone with a landscape keyboard and software
that made instant messaging, web browsing, and email equally important in the interface.
 Through a partnership with T-Mobile, Danger rebranded the Hiptop to Sidekick, and the cult following that
brand gained was unique for its time.
 What made Danger's Sidekick so successful was a revenue-sharing business model that, at the time, was wildly
different from the standard mobile business model.

 Danger's services, rather than the hardware itself, was the product being sold. By selling the
hardware dangerously close to cost and sharing service revenue with T-Mobile, Sidekicks were
able to create a niche that competed directly with Blackberry and Microsoft in the smartphone
space.
 Google's Larry Page and Sergey Brin soon were spotted rocking Sidekicks everywhere they went — after all,
what could be better than being able to use Google Search no matter where you were? Then Danger's board
of directors voted to replace Andy Rubin. Using a domain name he'd owned for a while already, Rubin formed
a new company Android Inc. in Palo Alto, California in October 2003, focused on developing a platform that
was open to all software designers.
 Android, Inc. was a standalone software company with no product to sell for two years. During most of this
time, Rubin basically funded the company himself. With a small team of software engineers and a plan to
make the next generation of smartphone software, the company focused on an open-source evolution of
many of the ideas that started at Danger.
 Plenty of investors were looking to get in on this next-gen mobile experience, Google found itself in need of
a smartphone company to compete with Microsoft and Blackberry. Page and Brin wanted more phones with
Google as the default search engine, and an open platform like Android offered a great way to accomplish
exactly that.

 Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the operating system,
adding new features and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release is named in alphabetical order after
a dessert or sugary treat e.g – “Cupcake”, “Donut”, etc.
 In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million, whose key employees, including Rubin,
Miner and White, stayed at the company after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at the
time, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move. At
Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google
marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable
system. Google had lined up a series of hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers
that it was open to various degrees of cooperation on their part.

ANDROID 1.5 CUPCAKE
 Android 1.5 Cupcake brought in widget support, animated transitions when skipping through your
desktops, the ability to automatically rotate the screen when you turn your phone and a stock boot
animation.

ANDROID 1.6 DONUT
 Donut brought the world’s information to your fingertips with the Quick Search Box. It also planted the seeds for
Android to come in all shapes & sizes – and meanwhile, Android Market came of age.
FEATURES
 Quick Search Box
 Screen Size Diversity
 Google Play Store

ANDROID 2.1 ECLAIR
 With Eclair, high density displays showed off stunning live wallpapers the respond to your touch. Drive
anywhere with turn-by-turn navigation & real-time traffic information, straight from your phone.
FEATURES
 Google Maps Navigation
 Home Screen Customization
 Speech-To-Text

ANDROID 2.2 FROYO
 Froyo unveiled lightning fast phones that can be controlled by the sounds of your voice & hotspot
capabilities ensured that you’re always connected on the go.
FEATURES
 Voice Actions
 Portable Hotspot
 Performance

ANDROID 2.3 GINGERBREAD
 Gingerbread made the android experience simpler & faster for both users & developers.
Gaming reached new heights, battery life lasted longer & NFC support spawned a whole new
category of apps.
FEATURES
 Gaming APIs
 NFC (Near Field Communication)
 Battery Management

ANDROID 3.0 HONEYCOMB
 Honeycomb ushered in the era of tablets with a flexible interface design that showcases large
imagery & seamless on-screen navigation.
FEATURES
 Tablet-Friendly Design
 System Bar
 Quick Settings

ANDROID 4.0 ICE CREAM SANDWICH
 Ice Cream Sandwich increased their demands on customization & user control –
tailor your home screen, define how much data you use & instantly share content
when you want.
FEATURES
 Customize Home Screen
 Data Usage Control
 Android Beam

ANDROID 4.1 JELLY BEAN
 Intelligence permeated all facets of Jelly Bean which ushered in the era of personalised mobile
assistance with Google Now. It also made notifications more actionable & allowed one device to
work for multiple user accounts.
FEATURES
 Google Now
 Actionable Notifications
 Account Switching

ANDROID 4.4 KITKAT
 Android KitKat helped you get things done with just the sound of your voice – just say “OK Google”
to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song. And when you are hands on
with your device, a new immersive design brings your content to centre stage.
FEATURES
 Voice: OK Google
 Immersive Design
 Smart Dialler

ANDROID 5.0 LOLLIPOP
 Android arrives on screens big & small – from phones & tablets to watches, TVs & cars. Lollipop has
a bold visual style & the fluid tactile response of Material Design.
FEATURES
 Material Design
 Multiscreen
 Notifications

ANDROID 6.0 MARSHMALLOW
 Now there’s more to love about your mobile device: easy shotrcuts to smart answers with Now on
Tap, battery life that can last longer & new app permissions that give you more control.
FEATURES
 Now on Tap
 Permission
 Battery

ANDROID 7.0 NOUGAT
 Android 7.0 "Nougat" is an upcoming release of the Android
operating system. First released as an alpha build on March
9, 2016, it is expected to be officially released in the third
quarter of 2016.
 Android 7.0 introduces notable changes to the operating
system and its development platform, including the ability to
display multiple apps on-screen at once in a split-screen
view, support for inline replies to notifications, as well as an
OpenJDK-based Java environment and support for
the Vulkan graphics rendering API, and "seamless" system
updates on supported devices.

PLATFORM USAGE
 Charts in this section provide breakdowns of Android versions, based on devices accessing
the Google Play Store in a seven-day period ending on June 11, 2016. Therefore, these statistics
exclude devices running various Android forks that do not access the Google Play Store, such as
Amazon's Fire tablets.

ANDROID VERSIONS HISTORY
Code name Version number Initial release date API level
N/A
1.0 23 September 2008 1
1.1 9 February 2009 2
Cupcake 1.5 27 April 2009 3
Donut 1.6 15 September 2009 4
Eclair 2.0 - 2.1 26 October 2009 5 - 7
Froyo 2.2 - 2.2.3 20 May 2010 8
Gingerbread 2.3 - 2.3.7 6 December 2010 9 - 10
Honeycomb 3.0 - 3.2.6 22 February 2011 11 - 13
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 - 4.0.4 18 October 2011 14 - 15
Jelly Bean 4.1 - 4.3.1 9 July 2012 16 - 18
KitKat 4.4 - 4.4.4 31 October 2013 19 - 20
Lollipop 5.0 - 5.1.1 12 November 2014 21 - 22
Marshmallow 6.0 - 6.0.1 5 October 2015 23
Nougat 7.0
Expected August or September
2016
24

ADVANTAGES OF ANDROID OS
• Cost Effective:
The first thing about Android is its cost. People who used to be with base level mobiles would be fed up with
the boring options. But with the low price now they can go for Android phones with good design and lot of
applications which is not possible with the Apple ,Blackberry and others phones.
• Multitasking:
Android has a multitasking option so you can run many applications simultaneously. As this is not a new stuff
nowadays but it comes under Advantage room.
• Easy Access of Store:
As the store is in the home screen, so it is easy to access the applications. You don’t need to settle with the fixed
applications as the store is daily updated with some new applications.
• User Interface Big Screen:
Android breaks the word ‘More Money Big Phone’. Yes you can afford a big screen android mobile with
your savings.

DISADVANTAGES OF ANDROID OS
• Application Quality:
Application Quality is not so good. There is no standard for these applications. Few application end up with the
memory leaks and crashes.
• Battery Life:
Android phones have a very short battery life than any other operating system, because android has a lot of
application running in the background that consumes more power.
• Advertisement:
Application in the Android phones can indeed be obtained easily and for free, but the consequences in each of
these applications, will always be ads on display, either the top or bottom of the application.
• Data Connection:
Android has large number of background processes which eats so much mobile data.
Application Quality:
the memory Leaks and Crashes

HISTORY
 Apple launched iOS—then called iPhone OS—on June 29, 2007, with the very first iPhone. Since then,
the mobile operating system has gone through some major upgrades. But it didn’t happen overnight.
Ever year in the summer, Apple has reinvented the OS, adding new features and redefining what’s
possible on all its iDevices.
 Apple's iOS did not have an official name until the release of the iPhone software development kit
(iPhone SDK) on March 6, 2008. Before then, Apple marketing literature simply stated that their iPhone
runs a version of OS X, a reference to iOS' parent operating system.

INTRODUCTION TO IOS
 iOS is the operating system that runs on iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch devices. The operating system
manages the device hardware and provides the technologies required to implement native apps.
The operating system also ships with various system apps, such as Phone, Mail, and Safari, that provide
standard system services to the user.
 The iOS user interface is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures.
Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes
gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the
context of the iOS operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internal accelerometers are used by
some applications to respond to shaking the device or rotating it in three dimensions.

 iOS shares with OS X some frameworks such as Core Foundation and Foundation Kit, however its UI
toolkit is Cocoa Touch rather than OS X's Cocoa, so that it provides the UI Kit framework rather than
the App Kit framework. Therefore, it is not compatible with OS X for applications. Also, while iOS
shares the Darwin foundation with OS X, Unix-like shell access is not available for users and restricted
for apps, preventing iOS from being fully Unix-compatible.

IOS VERSIONS
 iPhone OS 1: First iteration of Apple's touch-centric mobile operating system. No official name is
given on its initial release.
 iPhone OS 2: iPhone OS 2, the second major release of iOS, became available on July 11, 2008 with
release of the iPhone 3G.
 iPhone OS 3: iPhone OS 3.0 became available with the iPhone 3GS. It was released on June 17, 2009.
This release added features such as copy and paste, and MMS.

 iOS 4: iOS 4 was made available to the public for the iPhone and iPod Touch on June 21, 2010.
This is the first major iOS release to drop support for some devices.
 iOS 5: iOS 5 was previewed to the public on June 6, 2011.It was released for iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4
(GSM and CDMA), iPhone 4S, iPod Touch (3rd & 4th generation), iPad, and iPad 2 on October 12, 2011.
 iOS 6: On September 12, 2012 at San Francisco's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, among other items
unveiled, Apple announced three iOS-related items: the next generation iPhone 5, the redesigned iPod
Touch (5th generation), and the announcement of the release of iOS 6.0 the following week.
 iOS 7: At their iPhone event on September 10, 2013, Apple announced the full release of iOS 7 for
September 18, 2013, while also unveiling two new iPhone models: the iPhone 5C and iPhone 5S.
 iOS 8: At their iPhone event on September 9, 2014, Apple announced the full release of iOS 8 for
September 17, 2014, while also unveiling the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus.
 iOS 9: Apple announced iOS 9 on June 8, 2015 at its annual Apple Worldwide Developers Conference
(WWDC) event, with public release on September 16, 2015. With this release, Apple did not drop
support for any iOS devices, with all devices supporting iOS 8 being eligible for an upgrade.

ALL PLATFORM IOS USERS
10.X 0.3%
9.X 85.2%
8.X 8.0%
7.X 3.4%
6.X 2.3%
5.X 0.7%
4.X 0.2%

FEATURES OF IOS
 The home screen displays application icons and a dock at the bottom of the screen where users can
pin their most frequently used apps. The home screen appears whenever the user unlocks the device
or presses the "Home" button. Before iOS 4 on the iPhone 3GS and newer, the screen's background
could be customized with other customizations available through jailbreaking, but can now be changed
out-of-the-box. The screen has a status bar across the top to display data, such as time, battery level,
and signal strength. The rest of the screen is devoted to the current application. When a passcode is
set and a user switches on the device, the passcode must be entered at the Lock Screen before access
to the Home Screen is granted.

 iOS originally used Helvetica as the system font. With the release of iOS 4, iOS used
Helvetica Neue as the system font on devices with Retina Displays. iOS 9 changed the system
font to San Francisco, a typeface designed by Apple for maximum legibility on computer and
mobile displays, originally introduced as the system font for the Apple Watch.
 Before iOS 5, notifications were delivered in a modal dialog box and could not be viewed
after being dismissed. In iOS 5, Apple introduced Notification Center, which allows users to
view a history of notifications. The user can tap a notification to open its corresponding app,
or clear it. Notifications are now delivered in banners that appear briefly at the top of the
screen.
 Siri is a personal assistant and knowledge navigator which works as an application on
supported devices. The service, directed by the user's spoken commands, can do a variety
of different tasks, such as call or text someone, open an app, search the web, lookup sports
information, find directions or locations, and answer general knowledge questions. Siri was
updated in iOS 7 with a new interface, faster answers.
 Game Center is an online multiplayer "social gaming network" released by Apple. It allows
users to "invite friends to play a game, start a multiplayer game through matchmaking, track
their achievements, and compare their high scores on a leaderboard.

ADVANTAGES OF IOS
 Performance is great
 Generates less heat when compared to Android
 Best gaming experience
 Vast number of applications
 Suits for business
 Excellent UI and fluid responsive
 Excellent security
 Multitasking
 Jailbreaking for customization
 Wearables
 Multi-language support
 Apple Pay Support
 Many cases and covers make it waterproof

 Sapphire glass which is hard
 Fingerprint scanning gives tough security
 Excellent camera quality even though megapixels are less
 Developers can design apps because less number of models
 You can un-jailbreak it for warranty

DISADVANTAGES OF IOS
 Not flexible only supports iOS devices
 Not open source
 The main disadvantages of using iOS are costly apps
 Apple restricted the connectivity with iTunes, luckily we have best iTunes alternatives
 Devices are very pricey
 Applications are very large when compared to other mobile platforms
 Supports only single SIM
 Very addictive, once if you used iDevices you can’t switch back to another
 Battery performance is very poor on 3G
 Repair costs are very pricey
 No NFC support

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