1. Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin that can be caused by physical, chemical, or plant factors. Contact dermatitis is divided into simplex and allergic types. 2. Acute dermatitis is characterized by redness, swelling, papules, vesicles, bullae, erosions and weeping, while chronic dermatitis involves stagnant redness, lichenification, thickening, and scaling. 3. Eczema is a skin condition caused by neuroallergic factors from external and internal influences. It can involve inflammatory spots, papules, vesicles, pustules, micro-erosions, scaling and crusting. Treatment depends on the cause, location and external influences.

1. Dermatology
Module 2
1
Dermatitis
Inflammatory of skin, which arise after influence of exogenic factors: physical, chemical, and plants.
Chemical agents: divided into contact and toxic-allegoric (toxic derma). The contact dermatitis is divided into
simplex (artificial) and allergic (sensiblizated).
The Artificial Dermatitis caused by implicit (unconditional) or obligated agents. There are firm (strong) acids,
alkalosis, saults of mineral acids and alkaline metals. Characterized by affection only local (contact areas, has clear
(precise) borders, the clinical symptoms quickly disappeared after liquidation of agents.
The Allergic Dermatitis arise due to recurrent influence on the skin the sensiblizative agents (conditional or
facultative) some chemical agents, medicaments, detergents, perfumes, plants, food stuffs and others. Accompanied
with eczema like reactions variables intensity, it is more generalized process, the clinical symptoms is disappeared a
long time.
The clinical picture is depending from agents, force and duration of influence, individual features of body.
Acute and Chronic Dermatitis:
Acute Dermatitis: characterized by hyperemia, edema in local lesions maybe papules, vesicles, bullas, erosions,
weeping and even ulceration. The element involved with scaling and pigmentation.
Chronic Dermatitis: arise due to long influence by the weak agents and characterized by stagnant hyperemia,
lichenification, hyper-keratosis and scaling.
Toxic derma: appears due to parenteral introduction and perioral application of agents, which have allergic and
toxic-allergic signs. Often the reasons of toxic derma may be medicaments and some food stuffs. There is penicillin,
streptomycin, and S-amides can affect the derma.
Presence of toxic derma is variable, maybe mucular, papular, vestibular, weal, and bullous rashes. The rash may be
local and generalized up to diffuse affection of the skin as erythrodermia. It is often accompanied by disruption of
common state and subjective sensations (itching, burning).
Types of toxic derma is S-amid erythema (presence of clear border spots, red color with violet tint.
Eczema: affection of skin by neuro-allergic etiology, arise due to influence of external and internal factors, has
polymorphic of elements.
Stages:
1. Erythematous- appear the inflammatory spots, which may group.
2. Papular- appear papules red color diameter 2-3mm, clear bordering due to increasing of inflammatory signs
on the skin.
3. Vesiculous- arise vesicles on the surfaces of papules, ma be pustules
4. Weeping- formation of micro-erosion due to bursting of vesicles.
5. Crust-the serous fluid is dried to crust transparent.
6. Scaling- presence of squamous crust and scales.
Eczema may be acute, sub-acute and chronic.
Acute eczema: is characterized by evolutionary polymorphism: hyperemia, redness, edema, papules, vesicles,
pustules, micro-erosions, scales, and crusts.

2. Dermatology
Module 2
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Sub-acute eczema: arise after 1-2 months after appearing of one signs, it is more soft type of acute eczema, has a
lesser hyperemia and edema, stoppage are cessation of appearing of new elements and decreasing of itching.
Chronic eczema: characterized by lesser inflammatory signs, than sub-acute, considerable lichenification, fissures,
and scaling. Treatment depends on reason, localization, and influence of some external agents.
The eczema is divided into true, microbial, seborrfical, dishydrotical, professional and child.
1. True Eczema: rash localized symmetrically affected the extremities and trunk. The lesions are characterized
by absence of clear borders. Sometime the process is accompanied by presence of near the main lesions of
2 eczema-tides.
2. Microbial eczema: characterized by appearance of clear border lesions with irregular (uneven) borders, this
localized asymmetrically, especially in extremities. Typically for this form is presence of the pustules, pus
and blood crusts on the infiltrative zone with weeping. Peripherally may be borders with epidermal
separation (detachment). Characteristically- peripheral growth of lesions presence of superficial pustules.
May be varicocele, para-traumatical.
3. Seborrheical eczema: localized on areas which have a lot of sebaceous glands-scalp, face, behind the ears,
throat, back, inter-scapula, skin fissures, and flexor surface of extremities. The lesions are edematous,
hyperamatous, with yellow color papules, rarely vesicles, greasy scales and crusts.
4. Dishydrotic eczema: localized on palms, soles, and lateral surfaces of fingers. Vesicles to group to formed
multi-locular cavities and large blisters. Bursting to weeping to border of epidermis.
5. Professional eczema: contact eczema arises due to sensitization of skin due to some chemical agent mostly
localized on the open areas of skin such as hands, forearms, face and neck. After liquidation of factors
disappear rapidly.
Eczema exudative multiform
Characterized by acute course, malaise, common weakness, fever, rheumatic dieses and may be toxic allergies
and infectious allergies form. The infectious allergic form is observed often in spring and autumn in young
people. The toxic allergic form it is result of intoxication by medicaments, disorders of GIT, infectious dieses.
The rash of clear border, well defined, round form rose red color spots, duration is 3-5 to 15 mm or easy
elevated swelling papules.
The papules may increase, may have umbilicus in center, and then form the ring like elements with blue tins.
There are blisters and vesicles with serous or blood contents on the surface of some spots and papules which
may be weal and vesicles.
The rash localized on dorsal surface of hands and feet, extensor surfaces of fore-arms and legs and face.
Together with rashes on the skin may be blisters and vesicles on the margin if the lips, mucous membrane of the
mouth. They are burst rapidly to bleeding erosions, appear edema, blood crust, painful, fissure.
Treatment
Common principle decrease spicy food, caffeine and allergic food.
Administrate anti-histamine drugs and follow pathogen methods, apply creams with luco-corticols, if there are
lesions with flat cover on the skin apply only dry applicants.