3. PRODUCE ORGANIC VEGETABLES
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
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Roel Conato Penaflorida. Facilitator
UC2 PRODUCE ORGANIC VEGETABLES
4. FACTORS IMPACTING NUTRIENT
NEEDS OF PLANTS
Aeration
Light
Moisture
Temperature
Plant age
Root system
Organic matter
Microorganism
Soil content
Soil type
Soil pH
Pest and
Disease
Roots require oxygen for respiration and nutrient uptake
Nutrient uptake is an indirect result of photosynthesis,
cannot occur with light
Needed to dissolve nutrients in order to be absorbed by
roots
Influences growth, which in turn influences rate of
uptake, more growth greater the need.
Older the plant the less the absorption efficiency
The more extensive the root system the greater the
potential for nutrient absorption
The reservoir for nutrients, buffer for leeching
Breakdown organic matter to release nutrients
The greater the inherent content the less the
supplemental needs
The heavier the soil the greater the ability to store
nutrients
Regulates soil supply availability
Can disrupt organs such as roots and lessen the
absorption potential.
5. What is a Plant?
Plants are essential for any ecosystem. They
provide all the energy for the ecosystem,
because they can get energy directly from
sunlight. They use a process called
photosynthesis to use energy from the sun
to grow and reproduce. They also must get
nutrients from the soil. Those nutrients get into
the soil when decomposers break down waste
and dead materials. Plants require space to
grow and reproduce.
6. All other organisms in the food chain
get energy from plants, either by direc
tly eating them as herbivores do, or
by eating plant eaters, like carnivores
do. Omnivores can get energy either
by eating plants directly or by eating
herbivores. Likewise, decomposers get
energy either from plants or from the
animals that eat them. Since all the en
ergy in your ecosystem comes from
plants, you'd better have a lot of them
7. KINDS OF PLANTS
GRASSES
• are only edible to
herbivores. That is
because the plants contain
kinds of fiber that
many omnivores
cannot digest efficiently.
Many herbivores have
specially adapted stomac
hs that allow them to
digest these plants.
FRUIT-BEARING
• make fruit. Herbivores and
omnivores can both eat fruit or
vegetables from plants,
however. Fruit and seeds and
sometimes vegetables are part
of the plant's reproduction, and
generally the presence of
pollinators will help these fruit-
bearing plants survive better an
d make more fruit.
8. GRAINS
• Finally, there are a kind of plants
called grains which make seeds that
can be eaten by certain kinds of
omnivores but not all. Humans and
chickens can eat grain seeds.
Herbivores can eat the whole plant.
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9. ORGANIC FOOD
is food produced by methods that comply with t
he standards of organic farming. Standards vary
worldwide, but organic farming
features practices that cycle resources, promote
ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity. Or
ganizations regulating organic products may rest
rict the use of certain pesticides and fertilizers in
the farming methods used to produce such prod
ucts. Organic foods typically are not processed u
sing irradiation, industrial solvents, or synthetic
food additives.
10. VEGETABLE
are parts of plants that are consumed by hum
ans or other animals as food. The original me
aning is still commonly used and is applied to
plants collectively to refer to all edible plant
matter, including the flowers, fruits, stems, lea
ves, roots, and seeds. The alternate definition
of the term vegetable is applied somewhat ar
bitrarily, often by culinary and cultural traditio
n. It may exclude foods derived from some pl
ants that are fruits, flowers, nuts, and cereal g
rains, but include some fruits such as tomato
es and courgettes, flowers such as broccoli, a
nd seeds such as
pulses.
12. How do you prepare a good seedbed?
1. Clear the area and prep
are growth media
2. Sterilize plots through s
un drying or hot water
treatment 1 day before
planting
3. Introduce beneficial mi
croorganisms (IMO)
4. Provide access to clean
water
5. Prepare seedbeds using
indigenous materials
6. Seedling trays
7. Empty containers
8. Used pots
9. Others.
13. How do you select good seed?
1. No to GMO seeds
2. Source of seeds and planting materials
3. Use materials which are available
14. What are the ideal characteristics of an
organic nursery?
• Clean, free from contaminant
and establish buffer zone
• Put up shade or transparent
• plastic to protect heavy rains
and avoid entry point for
insect pest
• Availability of clean water
• Availability of concoctions
• Secured area from stray
animals
• Provide clean garden tools
• Record keeping
15. How do you prepare the land for vegetable gardening
• Thorough land
preparation
• pulverized soil,
free from weed
• Construct canal
and water way
• Cultivate the
soil by shovel
or plow.
• Mix some fertili
zers
• Apply compost
16. What are the proper procedures in planting
various vegetables
Direct planting
• Staking using plastic
twines
• Establishing proper
distance/
spacing
• Holing
• Sterilizing
• Basal application
(compost/vermicompost)
• Spraying concoctions
• Planting
17. What are the type of pest and diseases of vegetables?
A. PESTS
• Insect pest
• Rats/birds
• Astray animals
B. DISEASES
• Bacterial diseases
• Virus (mosaic)
• Nematodes
• Fungus (stem rot,
fruit rot)
18. What are the organic methods of preventing and
controlling pest and diseases for vegetables
A.Prevention
• Maintain sanita
tion
• Choose healthy
and resistance
variety
B. Control
• Introduce of
micro-organism
19. How do you perform plant
care activities?
• Visit the plants everyday
and observe presence of
pest and diseases.
• water the plants
everyday
• Weeding
• Spray concoctions
• Pruning
• others
20. How to improve soil fertility?
• Mulching
• Green manure
• Application of
basal fertilizer
21. How to apply fertilizers?
• Basal application- appli
ed in the soil by diggin
g holes or mixing basal
into soil of preferred b
ed before planting the
seedlings
• Foliar fertilizer is applie
d by spraying into the
plant leaves and body
during ambient temper
ature while the stomat
a are open
