A research approach for explaining distance outcomes of information needs satisfaction through Wilson’s macro model

ESRC SCOTTISH DOCTORAL TRAINING CENTRE INFORMATION SCIENCE PATHWAY TRAINING 2016 12th-13th April 20156- SLIDE 1Kostagiolas , Lectures
Dr. Petros A. Kostagiolas
Assistant Professor of Information Services Management
Department of Archives, Library Science and Museology
School of Information Sciences and Informatics
Ionian University, Email. pkostagiolas@ionio.gr
ESRC SCOTTISH DOCTORAL TRAINING CENTRE
INFORMATION SCIENCE PATHWAY TRAINING 2016
12th-13th April - Room 5.B.14 – Edinburgh Napier University
Sighthill campus
“A research approach for explaining distance outcomes of
information needs satisfaction through Wilson’s macro model”
Ionian University

“Restless” Academic’s … Isolation?
• We need to TIME to
think and synthesize …
• We need to SHARE &
COMMUNICATE our
Research Ideas & our
Research Results …
• Thank you for this
Excellent Opportunity

The Ionian University…

My published research…
I would like to thank Prof. H. Hall for her
invitation and suggestions for networking

My (unpublished) research!
RESEARCH
IDEAS
&
Constantly
Work on Research
Methods
RESEARCH
UNDER REVIEW
M.Sc. & RESEARCH STUDENTS,
“MY” PhD STUDENTS
RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS
/ SYNERGIES / PROGRAMS …
COLLEAGUES I LIKE TO SHARE
RESEARCH AND WORK
WITH…!
Stella Vazaiou
Impact of Libraries & Cultural
Organizations
Evagellios Persakis
I.S. and Clinical Prognosis
Tatianna Laskari
I.C. in Public Sector

The Ionian Webinars Project

The new…Summer School… Our Vision

Lecture Overview
• Theoretical Background
• Published Work
• Discussing Current and
Future Research

Lecture Overview
• Published Work
Future Research

Objective of the Background Theory Section
• To appreciate the role and the research background of
Information Seeking Behaviour (ISB) and information
needs satisfaction
• To understand fundamental issues, concepts and the
major ISB models with emphasis on Wilson’s macro-
model
• To examine major application and research areas of
ISB
• To understand how ISB is studied: Research skills and
methods of studying information seeking behaviors

Realizing a “certainty” … and our role as
scientists
Information
has an Impact on
Society Economy Education Healthcare Tourism
Businesses Creative Industry Culture Habits
ALL aspects of our
Work and Life Lines

Information is a “Necessary” “Instrumental” Good –
Information Know-How Skills

So…information is the “answer to all questions?
“Information is related to answers”
Information cannot always be predicted and the “proper”
information resolves uncertainty… and contribute to any
problem solving activity… (Wilson, 1999)

But who needs information …
Anxiety – Denial – Overload!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FqUkvaXJf4
Roger Waters - Who Needs Information

Bringing it all together ….
• For Information Profession and
Information Organizations…
• For Individuals…
• For Organizations of all Economic
Sectors…
• For the society…
• For the Economy of knowledge…
• Examples, applications and discussion..
We need to study customers’ / users’ / professionals’
information seeking behaviour …

The research issues…
• To identify the uses of information by different user groups
within their work and life environments and roles:
• What motivate people to seek information
• How people behave in response to their information needs
• Patterns of actions towards satisfying their information needs
• To identify best practices for satisfying information needs
through the proper sources of information
• To identify the impact of information on their professional and
“life” performance
• To develop users’ information seeking skills through information
literacy programs

18
What should be the next step in our quest
for Information Seeking Research?

Modeling the information in context
perspective
…this Includes understanding of the
“information seeking preferences
and information needs”
of professionals /customers / users…
which relate to the satisfaction of more
basic Human Needs (e.g. cognitive,
affinitive, psychological) in the digital
information universe

The complicated issue of Information
Needs… (Bawden, 2006)

Modeling Information Seeking Behavior?
• “a process in which humans purposefully engage
in order to change their state of knowledge”
(Marchionini, 1995)
• “the study of how people need, seek, give, and
use information in different contexts, including the
workplace and everyday living” (Pettigrew et al, 2001)
• “a process that includes multiple stages of
question asking and refining, information
gathering and evaluating…synthesis and use of
information” (Wallace et al, 2000).

Where is my STAR? Models in social
sciences...versus models in physical sciences
• A framework for representing “reality”
and reducing uncertainly (time – space
– context)
• A framework of thinking and model
“phenomena” through their specific
characteristics, relationships, actions
etc.
• Understand the present and the past –
without models their would nothing to
study and therefore nothing to learn
(Deming, 1994)–
• Predict the future
James Truslow Adams (American Writer &
Historian) quoted in relation to “the position of
the stars and the astronomer's family… ”
http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/frontiers/web/index3.html

Models and types of models in information
Seeking
Institutional – an idealized framework of reality …
Grounded – based on empirical and theoretical research
Narrative – based on research but rationalize researcher’s findings
Synthesized – derived from previous research and are followed with
recommendations for further research

A nested model - from information behaviour
to information searching (Wilson 1999)
Information Retrieval
Communication
http://www.informationr.net/tdw/publ/unis/report.html

Wilson's macro ISB model (1981, 1990)
http://www.informationr.net/tdw/publ/papers/1999JDoc.html

Wilson's model of 1996

Wilson's information-seeking behaviour model (1999)

Revisiting Wilson’s Macro Model of ISB: On user
studies and information needs, Wilson (2006)

Determining factors for information needs and
information-seeking behaviour (Wilson, 2006)
• The Socioeconomic structures…
• The political systems…
• The physical environment…
• Other…?

Further research… (Wilson, 2006)
• Encourage both quantitative and qualitative research:
– Uncovering the facts of life of the people being studied
– Understand what motivates individuals to seek information
– Understand what meaning information has in everyday life
– Understand the user and thus design better information
services and systems
• Narrow down the context of the research so that
crucial issues are identified.
• Widen our conceptual perspectives of the user and his
behaviour.

Lecture Overview
• Published Research
Future Research

Proximal and Distal Relations to Study
DISTAL PROXIMAL
INFORMATION BEHAVIOUR
INFO NEEDS SATISFACTION DISTALPROXIMAL
Information
Motives
Information
Needs
Resources
Utilization
Information
Obstacles
Personality
Traits
Situational
Factors
Socioeconomic
Drivers –
Scenario
Planning
Info Needs
Satisfaction
Info Resources
Competition
Paths to
Info N. Satisf.
Subj. /Obj.
Impact on Role
(e.g. Creativity)
Impact on
Services /
Product
Consumption
Impact
on Job
Satisf.
Impact
on
Lifestyle
Impact on
Information
Services
ManagementInformation Literacy Skills

Needs and motives for information seeking
How often do you search for the following information?
Motives/
needs
for
information
Active seeking and/or passive receiving
sources of information: Digital –
Conventional – Interpersonal
Barriers to
information
Exercise…
PROBLEM:
Choose a “role”
and identify
variables for the
following
constructs based on
Wilson’s model of
ISB
Information Resources
How often do you use the following
information resources?
Information Barriers
How important are for you the following
obstacles when seeking information?

The last 6 years … selected papers
• 2016
– The Impact of Information on Doctors’ Attitudes Toward Generic Drugs
– Studying the Information Behavior of Healthcare Professionals in a
Greek Private Clinic Using Social Networks Models
• 2015
– The Participatory Medicine Attitudes of General Practitioners in Greece:
An Information Behaviour Perspective
– Music information seeking behaviour as motivator for musical creativity:
Conceptual analysis and literature review
– Information seeking for musical creativity: A systematic literature review
– Information seeking behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-
sectional study in an outpatient clinic of a university-affiliated hospital
• 2014
– Music, musicians and information seeking behaviour: A case study on a
community concert band

For far… selected papers
– Work-related factors influencing doctors search behaviors and trust toward medical
information resources
– How nurses behave online? Nurses’ online information needs and internet seeking
behaviour
• 2013
– Information seeking behaviour of parents of paediatric patients for clinical
decision making: the role of information literacy in a participatory setting.
• 2012
– Examining patterns of information behavior among healthcare professionals: a case study
on health psychologists
– Studying the information-seeking behavior of hospital professionals: The case of METAXA
Cancer Hospital
• 2011
– A study of the information seeking behaviour of hospital pharmacists: empirical evidence
from Greece
• 2010
– An information behaviour investigation of the community pharmacists in Greece for
developing library and information services

Storytelling …

The problem: decision making in healthcare

Socioeconomic aspects of
Medical Condition
Family and work aspects of
Medical Condition
A Wilson’s based information behavior model for
modeling relationships between actors
Health 2.0
Digital
Conventional
Interpersonal
Patient personal
preferences on
Medical Condition
Patient Motives/Needs
for Information
Sources of
Information
Healthcare Environment
Decision supporting role /
health coaching
Professional role
Physician Motives/Needs for
Information
Barriers
Personal
Interpersonal
Environment
Barriers
Personal
Interpersonal
Environment
Information Behavior framework for
shared clinical decisions
(reliable evidence-based information interchange on the benefits and harms
of clinical interventions, including uncertainties and risks, preferences and
supporting actions)

Patient Information
shaping a non-judgemental, supportive clinical consulting practice
(1) Developing empathy and trust;
(2) Negotiated agenda-setting and prioritising;
(3) Information sharing;
(4)Communicating and managing risk;
(5) Supportive deliberation; and
(6) Summarizing, making and documenting the
decision

No decision about me, without me!
http://www.informationr.net/ir/18-3/paper590.html#.Uz2im1csalU

Parents’ Information Needs

SDM & ISB
http://www.informationr.net/ir/18-3/paper590.html#.Uz2im1csalU

Internet seeking behavioral paths of doctors
for diabetes mellitus care

A selective literature review for informing
the questionnaire dimensions

An information seeking behaviour
investigation of pharmacists

IN & ISB of Artists (Hemming, 2008)
Motives for seeking info
• Inspiration
• Specific art elements
• Knowledge of performance
techniques
• Marketing and career guidance
• Knowledge of the current
trends in the art world
Characteristics of info needs
• Extremely idiosyncratic!
• Information that has no
epistemic relationship to art
• Browsing is the strongly
preferred behavior
• Social information gathering is
also important, particularly for
knowledge of techniques, and
for marketing and career
guidance

Music, Musicians and Information seeking behaviour:
A case study on a community concert band

More Storytelling
The Participatory
Medicine Attitudes of
General Practitioners in
Greece: An Information
Behaviour Perspective
Petros Kostagiolas
Assistant Professor,
Department of Archive,
Library Science and
Museology,
Ionian University
pkostagiolas@ionio.gr
Fivos Kakavitsas
Corfu Regional Hospital,
Corfu, Greece
fivoskakavitsas@yahoo.gr
Konstantina Martzoukou
Lecturer,
Department of Information
Management,
Robert Gordon University,
k.martzoukou@rgu.ac.uk
Dimitris Niakas
Professor
Hellenic Open University
niakas@eap.gr

Participatory health for all of us!
Professor Bas Bloem - Consultant Neurologist at the Department of Neurology, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands)
I want good and reliable
information! I want to have part in
making the decisions to start
treatment or not! And, where can I
find other patients like me? And
what can I do to make things better?

GPs Nature of Work
patients
medical
histories
first post of
call
sense of
community
familiarity
with clinical
conditions
patient
referral
comprehensive
medical care
communication /
shared decisions
not limited to a
particular branch of
medicine

Aims and Objectives

Data
Collection
Survey (distributed to 664 GPs) registered
to the Hellenic Society of General
Practitioners – 176 responded (26%) -
February to March 2014
demographic characteristics of GPs (e.g.
age, healthcare unit, workplace, and
specialization).
the importance of work related
information needs
frequency of using different information
resources
the importance of barriers that GPs face
when seeking information
the importance of doctor-patient relations
“development of understanding and trust”
“deciding in common the agenda and
priorities”
“sharing information”
“communication for reducing patient anxiety”
“supportive actions”
“explaining evidence-based alternatives”
Coulter & Collins 2011 - shared decision-making in the
National Health System (NHS) in the U.K)
5-point Likert scale 1= “not at all” to 5= “a lot.”

“explaining evidence-based
alternatives” (Η(2)=6,941, p=0.031)
• below 40 years (mean rank 89.37)
• 41 to 55 years (mean rank of 80.38)
• above 55 (mean rank of 38.80)
a means for setting a “common agenda
and priorities”(Spearman's correlation)
• “diagnosis” (rs= 0.193, p<0.05)
• “patient material” (rs= 0.194, p<0.05).
Value of Participatory Medicine and
needs
“sharing information” (Spearman's
correlation)
• “knowledge update” (rs= 0.270, p<0.005)
• “drugs” (rs= 0.189, p<0.05).
“communication for reducing patient
anxiety” (Spearman's correlation)
• “therapy” (rs= 0.179, p<0.05).
“explaining evidence-based
alternatives” (Spearman's correlation)
• “diagnosis” (rs= 0.226, p<0.005).

“scholar databases”
• “development of understanding and trust”
(rs= 0.165, p<0.05)
• “information sharing” (rs= 0.196, p<0.05)
• “common agenda and priorities” (rs= 0.195,
p<0.05).
“medical websites”
• “common agenda and priorities” (rs= 0.160,
p<0.05)
• “communication for reducing patient
anxiety” (rs= 0.173, p<0.05)
Participatory Medicine & Information Sources
& Information Barriers
“updating services”
anxiety” (rs= 0.158, p<0.05)
• “development of understanding and trust”
(rs=-0.198, p<0.05).
“general search engines”
• “supportive actions” (rs= 0.171, p<0.05)
• “guidelines” (rs= 0.325, p<0.005).
“guidelines”
anxiety”(rs= 0.160, p<0.05)
“electronic medical journals”
anxiety”(rs= 0.209, p<0.005).
“lack of digital literacy skills”
• negative correlation: “common
agenda and priorities” (rs= -0.166,
p<0.05)
“lack of trust in online information”
• Negative correlation: “information
sharing” (rs= -0.172, p<0.05).
Participants who experienced these
barriers were less likely to perceive the
value of the above PM dimensions.

Lecture Overview
• Published Work
• Discussing “Current” and
Future Research

Adding distance … more stories

Theoretical Considerations

Study aim and design

The Results …

Moving further … more stories …

Departing towards distant relations …

The study framework

The self-perceived Quality of Life

Quality of Life and ISB

Quality of life and Info Resources

Quality of Life and Info Barriers

Looking for … S.E.M. explaining the drivers and the
impact of ISB on peoples’ roles
MODERATION AND MEDIATION OF
RELATIONS

It can become worse…

Thank you for listening
pkostagiolas@ionio.gr
Think of a nice story… then Publish or …
Perish …

A research approach for explaining distance outcomes of information needs satisfaction through Wilson’s macro model

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A research approach for explaining distance outcomes of information needs satisfaction through Wilson’s macro model