1. E_English Grammar Chapter 4 The verb & its complementation

3. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verb 1/1 according to classified Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Functions of items Complementation Structure = words or phrases indicating an action, an event, or a state E.g.: kiss, break out, have

4. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 2/1 according to classified Functions of items Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs See more in 3.3 - 3.22

5. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 3/1 according to classified Functions of items Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Regular Irregular E.g.: book, booked, booked E.g.: teach, taught, taught

6. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 4/1 according to classified Functions of items Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs Primary Modal Marginal modal auxiliary

10. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 8/1 according to classified Complementation Intensive verbs Extensive verbs

12. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 10/1 according to classified Complementation Extensive verbs Intransitive Transitive Intensive verbs

14. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 12/1 according to classified Complementation Extensive verbs Intransitive Transitive Intensive verbs Mono-transitive Di-transitive Complex-transitive

18. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 16/1 according to classified Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Stative verbs Dynamic verbs See more in 3.35

19. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 17/1 according to classified Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Stative verbs Verbs of inert perception & recognition Relational verbs = verbs that show the condition or status and do not accept the progressive aspect E.g.: I am a boy. It feels thin.

22. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 20/1 according to classified Possibility of admitting progressive aspect Dynamic verbs Verbs of body sensation Activity verbs Transitional event verbs Momentary verbs Process verbs = verbs that show the action or the change of status E.g.: She learns English. He hit me. She is English. ( ‘is’ isn’t dynamic verb because it denotes a permanent status)

28. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 26/1 according to classified Structure One-word verbs Multi-word verbs

30. Classifications of English verbs 1 Verbs 28/1 according to classified Structure Multi-word verbs Phrasal verbs Prepositional verbs Phrasal-prepositional verbs See more in 12.2 - 12.6

36. Grammatical categories of verbs 2 Grammatical categories of verbs Tense Aspect Mood Voice Present Past Indicative Imperative Subjunctive Active Passive Progressive Perfective Perfective-progressive Simple 1/2 See more in 3.26 - 3.46

39. Grammatical categories of verbs 2 Aspect Tense & 4/2 Past perfect progressive Past perfect Past progressive Past simple Past Present perfect progressive Present perfect Present progressive Present simple Present Perfect progressive Perfective Progressive Complex Simple Tense Aspect

40. Grammatical categories of verbs 2 Mood = a grammatical category that relates the verb action to such conditions as certainty, obligation, necessity, possibility Indicative Imperative Subjunctive = statement of the fact = command, request = non-fact, unreal E.g.: She’s nice to me. (fact - indicative) Be nice to me. (command - imperative) I suggest she be nice to me. (non-fact - subjunctive) 5/2

41. Grammatical categories of verbs 2 Subjunctive mood Mandative Formulaic Subjunctive “were” 6/2

46. Intensive complementation 3 1/3 Intensive verb complementation (SVC - SVA) C (complement) A (adverbial) See more in 12.8 - 12.13

47. Intensive complementation 3 Intensive verb complementation (SVC - SVA) C (complement) A (adverbial) Adjective phrase Nominal clause Noun phrase 2/3

48. Intensive complementation 3 Intensive verb complementation (SVC - SVA) C (complement) A (adverbial) Adjective phrase Nominal clause Noun phrase E.g.: She is so crazy . That is ridiculous ! 3/3

49. Intensive complementation 3 Intensive verb complementation (SVC - SVA) C (complement) A (adverbial) Adjective phrase Nominal clause Noun phrase E.g.: She isn’t a good student . It appears the only solution . 4/3

50. Intensive complementation 3 Intensive verb complementation (SVC - SVA) C (complement) A (adverbial) Adjective phrase Nominal clause Noun phrase finite clause non-finite clause 5/3

54. Mono-transitive complementation 4 1/4 Mono-transitive verb complementation (SVO) Noun phrase Non-finite clause Finite clause See more in 12.14 - 12.19

55. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase Direct object (O) Prepositional O With passive one-word verbs phrasal verbs Without passive Prepositional verbs Phrasal prepositional verbs 2/4

56. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase Direct object (O) Prepositional O With passive one-word verbs phrasal verbs Without passive Prepositional verbs Phrasal prepositional verbs E.g.: Tom caught the ball. The ball was caught by Tom. 3/4

57. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase Direct object (O) Prepositional O With passive one-word verbs phrasal verbs Without passive Prepositional verbs Phrasal prepositional verbs E.g.: They passed over the question. The question was passed over . 4/4

58. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase Direct object (O) Prepositional O With passive one-word verbs phrasal verbs Without passive Prepositional verbs Phrasal prepositional verbs E.g.: She has a nice house. A house is had by her. 5/4

59. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase Direct object (O) Prepositional O With passive one-word verbs phrasal verbs Without passive Prepositional verbs Phrasal prepositional verbs E.g.: The management paid for his air fares. 6/4

60. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase Direct object (O) Prepositional O With passive one-word verbs phrasal verbs Without passive Prepositional verbs Phrasal prepositional verbs E.g.: He looked down on them. 7/4

61. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause Wh- clause 8/4

62. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause Wh- clause Extraposed subject that-clause Extraposed object that-clause That- clause as object E.g.: I don’t care what you are saying . Tom doubted whether they would come to the party . I wondered who did make the bed for me . Can you confirm which flight we are taking ? I realized what a fool I had been . I know how busy you are . 9/4

63. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Super-ordinate verbs Subordinate verbs 10/4

64. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Super-ordinate verbs Subordinate verbs Major Minor Factual Suasive Emotive Hypothesis 11/4

67. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Super-ordinate verbs Subordinate verbs Major Minor Factual Suasive Emotive Hypothesis E.g.: I regret that we didn’t come. 14/4

68. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Super-ordinate verbs Subordinate verbs Major Minor Factual Suasive Emotive Hypothesis E.g.: I wish that he were here. 15/4

69. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Subordinate verbs Subjunctive verbs Putative “should” Indicative verbs Super-ordinate verbs 16/4

70. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Subordinate verbs Subjunctive verbs Putative “should” Indicative verbs Super-ordinate verbs E.g.: She admitted that she was wrong. 17/4

71. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Subordinate verbs Subjunctive verbs Putative “should” Indicative verbs Super-ordinate verbs E.g.: I insist that he shouldn’t smoke . 18/4

72. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause That- clause That- clause as object Subordinate verbs Subjunctive verbs Putative “should” Indicative verbs Super-ordinate verbs E.g.: I require that he give up smoking . 19/4

73. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Non-finite clause Wh-infinitive clause Infinitive clause Participle clause Without subject With subject To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause 20/4

74. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Non-finite clause Wh-infinitive clause Infinitive clause Participle clause Without subject With subject To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause E.g.: I don’t like the house to be left empty . I saw them cry . 21/4

75. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Non-finite clause Wh-infinitive clause To-infinitive clause Participle clause Without subject With subject To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause E.g.: I dislike him driving my car . I found the floor polished . 22/4

76. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Non-finite clause Wh-infinitive clause To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause Without subject With subject To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause E.g.: Mary longed to leave home . 23/4

77. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Non-finite clause Wh-infinitive clause To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause Without subject With subject To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause E.g.: Mary loves listening to music. 24/4

78. Mono-transitive complementation 4 Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Non-finite clause Wh-infinitive clause To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause Without subject With subject To-infinitive clause Ing-participle clause E.g.: He learned how to sail a boat as a small child . You must not forget when to keep your mouth shut . I could not decide (on) which bicycle to buy . 25/4

79. Di-transitive complementation 5 1/5 Di-transitive verb complementation (SVOO) Od & Oi = NP Oi = NP, Od = non-finite clause Oi = NP, Od = finite clause Idiomatic expressions: V + NP + Prep Di-transitive prepositional verbs See more in 12.28 - 12.32

80. Di-transitive complementation 5 2/5 Di-transitive verb complementation (SVOO) Od & Oi = NP Oi = NP, Od = non-finite clause Oi = NP, Od = finite clause Idiomatic expressions: V + NP + Prep Di-transitive prepositional verbs E.g.: He gave the girl a doll .

81. Di-transitive complementation 5 3/5 Di-transitive verb complementation (SVOO) Od & Oi = NP Oi = NP, Od = non-finite clause Oi = NP, Od = finite clause Idiomatic expressions: V + NP + Prep Di-transitive prepositional verbs E.g.: He persuaded me to give up smoking .

82. Di-transitive complementation 5 4/5 Di-transitive verb complementation (SVOO) Od & Oi = NP Oi = NP, Od = non-finite clause Oi = NP, Od = finite clause Idiomatic expressions: V + NP + Prep Di-transitive prepositional verbs E.g.: He convinced me that he was right.

85. Complex-transitive complementation 6 1/6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOA - SVOC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause See more in 12.20 - 12.27

86. Complex-transitive complementation 6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOdA - SVOdC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause E.g.: He drives me crazy . 2/6

87. Complex-transitive complementation 6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOdA - SVOdC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause E.g.: The Queen appointed William her personal secretary . 3/6

89. Complex-transitive complementation 6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOdA - SVOdC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause E.g.: John believed the stranger to be a policeman . 5/6

90. Complex-transitive complementation 6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOdA - SVOdC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause E.g.: You shouldn't let your family interfere with our plans . 6/6

91. Complex-transitive complementation 6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOdA - SVOdC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause E.g.: Tim watched Bill mending the lamp . 7/6

92. Complex-transitive complementation 6 Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOdA - SVOdC) Adjectival Object Complement (Co) Nominal Co Adverbials To-infinitive Bare-infinitive Ing-clause Ed-clause E.g.: They found him worn out by travel and exertion . ed-clause 8/6