2009 IECC: Residential Provisions

1. RESIDENTIAL
PROVISIONS
for the
2009 International Energy
Conservation Code
Forrest Fielder
fielder_4@msn.com
1

2. Course Objectives
• Understand the importance of the IECC in
the built environment
• Understand the development of the
IECC/IRC
• Understand the roles of code officials in
the IECC
• Understand the application of the IECC
requirements to building systems
2

3. What’s Changed from the IECC 2006?
 Stringency
 CZ4 – fenestration U-factor reduced from .40 to
.35
 CZ5,6 – wood frame wall U-factor reduced from
.06 to .057, minimum R-value (batt only) raised
from R-19 to R-20
 CZ1,2,3 – Glazed fenestration SHGC reduced
from .40 to .30 (except in IRC!)
 CZ3 - Basement wall R-value requirements
added – 5/13
 Reductions allowed in 402.2.1 and 402.2.2 may
not be used in the UA tradeoff calculation.
 Provisions for attic hatches added (402.2.3)
 Requirements added for the location (interior vs.
exterior) of insulation in mass walls
 CZ1,2 - Exceptions for steel frame walls 24”oc
(see table 402.2.5)
3

4. What’s Changed from the IECC
2006?
 Moisture control requirements moved to the IRC (R601.3)
 Exemptions for 15sf glazed fenestration and opaque doors may not
be used in the UA tradeoff calculation.
 Envelope air tightness requirements added – blower door or
envelope inspection required (402.4.2 and Table 402.2.2)
 (2) of (3) options for recessed lighting eliminated – testing per
ASTM E283 now required. Site-built option deleted.
 Specific mandatory requirements for elements of mechanical
systems specified, replacing Sec 403 (Mandatory) language.
 Minimum R-8 for attic “supply” ducts – all others min R-6, except if
located in conditioned space.
 New requirements for snow melt systems and heated pools.
 High efficacy lighting required for 50% of permanently installed
fixtures
 For performance design, exception added for multiple orientations
 For performance design, mechanical tradeoffs disallowed, i.e.
proposed design =standard design
4

5. Overview of IECC Requirements
5
• Focus is on building envelope
– Ceilings, walls, windows, floors, foundations
– Sets insulation levels, window U-factors and solar
heat gain coefficients
– Infiltration control - caulk and seal to prevent air
leaks
• Ducts – seal and insulate
• Limited space heating, air conditioning, and
water heating requirements
– Federal law sets most equipment efficiency
requirements, not the I-codes
• Lighting equipment – 50% of lamps to be high-
efficacy lamps

6. Does My Project Need to Comply?
• One- and two-family
residential –
IECC/IRC
• R-2, R-3, R-4 three
stories or less in
height – IECC/IRC?
• Townhomes –
IECC/IRC
6

7. Are These Projects Considered
Residential or Commercial?
7

8. Mixed Use Buildings
8
• Mixed occupancies
– Treat the residential
occupancy under the
applicable residential code
– Treat the commercial
occupancy under the commercial code
– – Three stories or less
– 10% rule (not found in code, in
commentary)www.energycodes.gov
www.energycodes.gov

9. What Types of Residential Projects
are Exempt from the IECC/IRC?
 Unconditioned Spaces
 Very Low Energy use
buildings (<3.4 Btu/h-ft2
or 1 watt/ft2) – envelope
exemption only
 Existing Buildings
 Unmodified Parts of Residence
 Historic Buildings
9

10. Special Topics - Additions
Additions
 What is an Addition?
 Extension or increase in
the conditioned space
floor area or height of a
building or structure
 What Must Comply in
an Addition?
 New building thermal
envelope
 New heating and cooling
system
 New ductwork
 New water heating
system
10

11. Special Topics - Additions
 How do I Show Compliance for the Addition?
 Treat addition as a stand alone building
 Prescriptive (Component) approach
 Total UA Alternative
 Simulated Performance Alternative
 Demonstrate compliance for the entire house (addition + existing)
 Used for major renovation
 Prescriptive (Component) approach
 Total UA Alternative
 Simulated Performance Alternative
11
Conditioned
Addition
Existing
House
Treat Addition As Stand
Alone Building
Conditioned
Addition
Existing
House
Demonstrate Compliance for
Entire House

12. Special Topics - Alterations
 Change to the building envelope, heating and cooling
system or water heating system that requires a permit
 Must show compliance with the applicable provisions in
Code
 Exceptions
 Installing storm windows over existing fenestration
 Replacing only the glass in an existing sash and frame
 Exposing existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities that are
already filled with insulation
 Construction that does not expose existing roof, wall
or floor cavities
12

13. Special topics - Alterations
(Exceptions)
• Re-roofing where neither the sheathing or the
insulation is exposed.
• Alterations replacing <50% of the luminaires in
a space, provided that interior lighting power is
not increased
• Alterations that replace only bulb and ballast,
provided the interior lighting power is not
increased.
13

14. Regulated Items
14
HVAC
DHW
Building Thermal
Envelope Conditioned
Space
DHWConditioned
Space
Lighting

15. Structure of the IECC
 Chapter 1 – Administration
2009 includes new provisions to add exempt
elements, and to align the IECC with administrative
provisions in the other I-codes.
 Chapter 2 – Definitions
 Chapter 3 – Climate Zones, and Materials, Systems,
and Equipment (relocated from 2006 Ch 1)
 Chapter 4 – Residential Requirements
 Chapter 5 – Commercial Requirements
 Chapter 6 – Referenced Standards
15

16. Chapter 1
• Scoping
• Intent
• Third party programs – must meet Mandatory
Measures
• Sections 103 (Construction Documents), &
104 (Inspections) – see extensive
Commentary notes
16

17. Chapter 2 - Definitions
 Air barrier – Materials “assembled and joined together”, a single
material or combination of materials, i.e. sealants, acting as a
system.
 Basement wall – “…enclosing conditioned space.” If unconditioned,
is classified as a crawl space.
 Fenestration – includes skylights & doors.
 U-value/R-value – Reciprocal values between transmittance and
resistance. Note that U-value includes air films. U-value is calculated
through a “component or assembly”, and R-value through a “body”.
402.1.2 (components) and 402.1.3 (assembly) make the difference
more clear. C-factor is very similar to U-value (surface to surface
instead of air to air) and is used in SHGC calculations.
 High-efficacy lamps – minimum lumens/watt requirement
 Labeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC
17

18. Chapter 3 – Climate Zones
• Climate Zone map
• Design conditions
• Materials, systems, and equipment –
relocated from 2006 IECC Chapter 1
18

19. 2009 IECC Climate Zones
19

20. 2009 IECC Climate Zones
20
Zone 5
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 2

21. Climate Zones
• Warmer Zones (1 – 4B)
– Based on Heating and Cooling Degree Days
– Accounts for Humidity
• Requirements include features that reduce
cooling energy
21

22. Climate Zones
• Predominately Colder Zones (4C – 8)
– Based on Heating Degree Days
– Accounts for Humidity
– Requirements include features that reduce
heating energy
– Higher the climate zone number the more
stringent the requirement
22

23. Code Compliant Attic Insulation
• Attic insulation markers
required every 300 square
feet for blown-in insulation
• Markers must be installed
so that R-value mark is
readily observable
• Insulation R-value Required
to be Labeled on Pieces
≥ 12” width, or provide
certificate for blown or
sprayed insulation
23

24. Code Compliant Attic Insulation
 Provide Certification, Listing (All):
 Insulation type
 Manufacturer
 R-value Installed
 Blown or Sprayed Insulation
(Fiberglass or Cellulose)
 Initial installed thickness
 Settled thickness
 Settled R-value
 Installed density
 Coverage area and number
of
bags
 Sprayed Polyurethane Foam (SPF)
 Installed thickness
 R-value
24

25. Default U-factors
25
IECC Table 303.1.3(1) and IRC Table N1101.5(1)
IECC Table 303.1.3(2) and IRC Table N1101.5(2)

26. Energy Code Compliance Process
26
Mandatory Provisions
Prescriptive
Envelope Section 402
Envelope Provisions
Section 402.2, 402.3.3 thru 402.3.6 &
402.5 (As Applies)
Simulated Performance Section 405
Insulation Requirements Fenestration
Section 403.2.1 & 404.1
Table 402.1.3
Section 402.3.1 &
402.3.2 (Trade-Off)
Section 402.1.1 &
402.1.2 (Tabular)
Section 402.1.3 &
402.1.4 (Trade-Off)
Project Complies
OR OR

27. Prescriptive Approach
• Compliance Based on Look-Up Tables
• Calculations May be Required (See following)
What Information Do You Need?
• Climate Zone of Proposed Building
• Types of Building Assemblies that are Proposed
for the Project
27

28. Prescriptive Approach
You Don’t Need to be concerned with Window
(i.e. Fenestration) Area
• Minimum Area Set by Chapter 3 of the IRC
• Maximum Area Set by
structural Constraints
and By Cost
28

29. What is Considered Part
of the Building Thermal Envelope?
• Roof/Ceiling Assembly
• Wall Assembly
• Windows, Skylights,
and Doors
• Floor Assembly
• Slab Edge
• Basement Wall
• SHGC, U-Factor
29
 Climate Specific Requirements:
 Boundary Between Conditioned Space and the
Great Outdoors or Unconditioned Space
Includes:

30. Envelope R-Value
• What Counts Towards R-Value?
– Add
• Insulation Layers
• Insulation between Framing
• Insulation over Framing
– Don’t Add
• Non Insulation Products
• Sheathing less than R-2
• Air Films
• Air Spaces
– Framing Spaces (or amount) Doesn’t Matter
30

31. Building Envelope
• Roof/Ceiling
Assembly
• Wall Assembly
31

32. Building Envelope
• Vertical Fenestration
and Skylights
• Floor Assembly
32

33. Overview of Tables 402.1.1(IECC) and
N1102.1(IRC) – Component Approach
CLIMATE
ZONE
FENESTRATION
U-FACTOR
b
SKYLIGHT
b
U-FACTOR
GLAZED
FENESTRATION
b,e
SHGC
CEILING
R-VALUE
WOOD
FRAME WALL
R-VALUE
MASS
WALL
R-VALUE
i
FLOOR
R-
VALUE
BASEMENT
c
WALL
R-VALUE
SLAB
d
R-VALUE
& DEPTH
CRAWL
SPACE
c
WALL
R-VALUE
1 1.20 0.75 0.30 30 13 3 / 4 13 0 0 0
2 0.65j
0.75 0.30 30 13 4 / 6 13 0 0 0
3 0.50j
0.65 0.30 30 13 5 / 8 19 5 / 13f
0 5 / 13
4 except
Marine
0.35 0.60 NR 38 13 5 / 10 19 10 / 13 10, 2ft 10 / 13
5 and
Marine 4
0.35 0.60 NR 38 20 or 13+5h
13 / 17 30g
10 / 13 10, 2 ft 10 / 13
6 0.35 0.60 NR 49 20 or 13+5h
15 / 19 30g
15 / 19 10, 4 ft 10 / 13
7 and 8 0.35 0.60 NR 49 21 19 / 21 38g
15 / 19 10, 4 ft 10 / 13
33
Table 402.1.1
Insulation and Fenestration Requirements by Componenta
a. R-values are minimums, U-factors and SHGC are maximums, R-19 batts compressed into a nominal 2 x 6 framing cavity such that the R-value is reduced by R-1 or more shall
be marked with the compressed batt R-value in addition to the full thickness R-value.
b. The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration.
c. “15/19” means R-15 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-19 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall. “15/19” shall be
permitted to be met with R-13 cavity insulation on the interior of the basement wall plus R-5 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home. “10/13”
means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-13 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall.
d. R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs. Insulation depth shall be the depth of the footing or 2 feet, whichever is less in Zones 1 through 3 for
heated slabs.
e. There are no SHGC requirements in the Marine Zone.
f. Basement wall insulation is not required in warm-humid locations as defined by Figure 301.1 and Table 301.1.
g. Or insulation sufficient to fill the framing cavity, R-19 minimum.
h. “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25 percent or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where
structural sheathing is used. If structural sheathing covers more than 25 percent of exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2.
i. The second R-value applies when more than half the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall.
j. For impact rated fenestration complying with Section R301.2.1.2 of the IRC or Section 1608.1.2 of the IBC, maximum U-factor shall be 0.75 in Zone 2 and 0.65 in Zone 3.
0.75
0.65
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
19
30
0
10/13

34. U-factor Alternative to Meeting the
Table 402.1.1/N1102.1 R-Value
Requirements
CLIMATE
ZONE
FENESTRATION
U-FACTOR
SKYLIGHT
U-FACTOR
CEILING
U-FACTOR
FRAME
WALL
U-FACTOR
MASS
WALL
U-
FACTOR
b
FLOOR
U-FACTOR
BASEMENT
WALL
U-FACTOR
d
CRAWL
SPACE
WALL
U-FACTOR
c
1 1.20 0.75 0.035 0.082 0.197 0.064 0.360 0.477
2 0.65 0.75 0.035 0.082 0.165 0.064 0.360 0.477
3 0.50 0.65 0.035 0.082 0.141 0.047 0.091c
0.136
4 except
Marine
0.35 0.60 0.030 0.082 0.141 0.047 0.059 0.065
5 and
Marine 4
0.35 0.60 0.030 0.057 0.082 0.033 0.059 0.065
6 0.35 0.60 0.026 0.057 0.060 0.033 0.050 0.065
7 and 8 0.35 0.60 0.026 0.057 0.057 0.028 0.050 0.065
34
Table 402.1.3 (IECC) and N1102.2 (IRC)
a. Non-fenestration U-factors shall be obtained from measurement, calculation or an approved source.
b. When more than half the insulation is on the interior, the mass wall U-factors shall be a maximum of 0.17 in Zone 1, 0.14 in Zone 2, 0.12 in Zone 3, 0.10 in Zone
4 except Marine, and the same as the frame wall U-factor in Marine Zone 4 and Zones 5 through 8.
c. Basement wall U-factor of 0.360 in warm-humid locations as defined by Figure 301.1 and Table 301.2.

35. U-factor Calculation
U-factors Are To
Be Calculated
Based On
ASHRAE
Handbook of
Fundamentals
– Include
thermal
bridging
affects of
framing
35
Percent of wall with
framing
Percent of wall without framing
0.10060.0572Total Unadjusted U-
factors
9.9417.48Total Unadjusted R-
values
0.170.17Outside Air Film
0.180.187/8” Stucco
5.005.001” Cellular
Polyurethane
3.46-----2 X 4 @ 16” O.C.
----11.00R-11 Fiberglass Batt
Insulation
0.450.451/2” Gypsum Board
0.680.68Inside Air Film
Frame R-valueCavity R-valueList of
Components
Percent of wall with
framing
Percent of wall without framing
Uo = (0.0572 X 0.85) + (0.1006 X 0.15) = 0.0637
0.10060.0572Total Unadjusted U-
factors
(1/R-value)
9.9417.48Total Unadjusted R-
values
0.170.17Outside Air Film
0.180.187/8” Stucco
5.005.001” Cellular
Polyurethane
3.46-----2 X 4 @ 16” O.C.
----11.00R-11 Fiberglass Batt
Insulation
0.450.451/2” Gypsum Board
0.680.68Inside Air Film
Frame R-valueCavity R-valueList of
Components

36. Total UA Alternative
• Allows Efficiency Trade-offs Between Building
Assemblies
– Whole building approach allowing portions of the
building to under comply if portions over comply
with the code
– Based on Table 402.1.3/N1102.1.2 Equivalent U-
factors
• Basis for US DOE REScheck software
36

37. UA Alternative eliminates exceptions
Eliminates the following exceptions:
– Opaque door, 24 ft2
– Fenestration U-factor, 15 ft2
– Fenestration SHGC, 15 ft2
– Ceiling tradeoff, R49 to R38 / R38 to R30
– Ceiling w/o attic space, R30, 500ft2
37

38. Total UA Alternative
Sample Calculation
• UA = (Uw X Aw) + (Ug X Ag) + (Ud + Ad) + (Uf X Af) + (Ur x Ar)
Where:
– UA = Total U-factor X Area for Whole Building
– Uw = U-factor of Wall Assembly
– Ug = U-factor of Glass Assembly
– Ud = U-factor of Door Assembly
– Uf = U-factor of Floor Assembly
– Ur = U-factor of Roof Assembly
– Aw = Area of Wall Assembly
– Ag = Area of Glass Assembly
– Ad = Area of Door Assembly
– Af = Area of Floor Assembly
– Ar = Area of Roof Assembly
38

39. Fenestration U-factor
Glazed Fenestration
Exemption - Up to 15 ft2
of glazed fenestration
Does not apply to U-factor
approach
• Example Uses
– Stained glass windows
– Glass block
– Door side lites
39

40. Glazed Fenestration SHGC
What is Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient?
– A simple way to explain SHGC is in
terms of a ratio; where 1 is the
maximum amount of solar heat gain
that can come through a window
and 0 is the least amount. An SHGC
of 0.40 then means that 40% of the
available solar heat is coming
through the window .
40

41. Glazed Fenestration SHGC
How are fenestration
products rated?
– NFRC 200
• Default U-factors from
Table 303.1.3(3) – IECC
or N1101.5(3) - IRC
41

42. Glazed Fenestration SHGC
SHGC Area Weighted
Average
– An area weighted
average (including
skylights) may be
used to meet the
SHGC
requirement.
Example:
Window 1 SHGC- 0.35 100 ft2
Window 2 SHGC- 0.50 50 ft2
Window 3 SHGC- 0.40 50 ft2
(100 ft2 X 0.35) + (50 ft2 X 0.50) + (50 ft2 X 0.40)
= 200 ft2
Average SHGC of .40
42

43. Fenestration U-Factor, UA Alternative
Special Rules
– Maximum fenestration U-factor
• Area weighted average maximum vertical
fenestration U-factor
– IECC – Zones 4 – 5: 0.48
– IECC – Zones 6 – 8: 0.40
– IRC – Zones 6 – 8: 0.35
• Thermally isolated sunroom maximum skylight U-
factor
– IECC – Zones 4 – 8: 0.75
– IRC – Zones 4 – 8: 0.75
43

44. Fenestration U-factor
U-factor Area Weighted Average may be used to
meet the u-factor requirement.
Example:
Window 1U- 0.35 100 ft2
Window 2U- 0.50 50 ft2
Window 3U- 0.40 50 ft2
(100 ft2 X 0.35) + (50 ft2 X 0.50) + (50 ft2 X 0.40)
200 ft2
=U-0.40 Average
44

45. Fenestration U-factor
What is considered
fenestration in Tables
402.1.1and N1102.1?
 Vertical windows
 Opaque doors
 Glazed doors
 Glazed block
 Combination
opaque/glazed
doors
45

46. Fenestration U-factor
How are fenestration products
rated?
– NFRC 100
46
U-Factor
Now:
CZ2 u-0.65
CZ3 u-0.50
CZ4 u-0.35
Was:
CZ2 u-0.75
CZ3 u-0.65
CZ4 u-0.40

47. Door U-Factor
All Doors are
Considered
Fenestration
• Must Meet
Fenestration U-factor
Requirement
– Can exempt one
“side hinged”
opaque door
assembly up to 24
ft2 47
Courtesy Jeldwen Doors

48. Skylight U-Factor
What is a Skylight?
– Installed at a slope of 15
degrees or more from
vertical
• No Limit on Skylight Area
• NFRC 100
• Default U-factors per
Table 303.1.3(1) – IECC,
N1101.5(1) – IRC
48

49. Wood Frame Wall R-Value
Walls: 50% above grade
and Enclosing conditioned
space,
wood framed
Includes
 Between floor spandrels
 Peripheral edges of floors,
roof and basement knee
walls
 Dormer walls
 Gable end walls
 Walls enclosing a mansard
roof
 Skylight shafts
49

50. R-Value computation
How Do I Insulate to Meet
the Requirements?
– Install insulation
between framing
– Install insulation
between framing and
over the face of the stud
(continuous)
– Insulation R-values can
be added
50

51. Wood Frame Wall R-Value
Structural Sheathing Allowance
 R-5 where there is no structural sheathing
 If structural sheathing covers > 25%, supplement with
R-2 insulating sheathing over structural sheathing
51

52. Advanced Framing –
Optimum Value Engineering
• Building codes allow for advanced wall framing
• Insulated corners, two-stud corner
• Ladder framing for interior walls
• Increased insulation
• Single Top Plate
• Insulated Headers (non bearing exterior
walls) Span requirements can dictate a
full bearing header.
52

53. Code Compliant Wall Insulation Installation
Batt Insulation Required to be Labeled on Pieces
≥ 12” Wide, or provide Certification Listing:
 Insulation type
 Manufacturer
 R-value Installed (R-19 Marked if Compressed)
Blown or Sprayed Insulation (Fiberglass or Cellulose)
 R-value
 Installed density
 Coverage area and number of bags
Sprayed Polyurethane Foam (SPF)
 Installed thickness
 R-value
53

54. Ceiling R-value
Ceiling R-value Requirements Based on Ceiling
Assembly Type
– Ceilings with attic spaces
– Ceilings without attic spaces
54

55. Ceiling R-value - Ceilings With Attic Spaces
Options for meeting
requirements
– Standard truss
system – Install R-
value of insulation
to meet the
requirements
specified in Table
402.1.1/N1102.1
55
Cold corners
contribute to
condensation and mold
growth.
Possibility of ice dam
formations.
Potential Cold Climate Issues:

56. Ceiling R-value - Ceilings With Attic Spaces
 Options for meeting
requirements
 Oversized Truss / Energy
Truss / Raised Heel Truss
 Substitute R- 30 for
R-38 Insulation
 Substitute R- 38 for
R-49 Insulation
 Goal – Provide full height,
uncompressed insulation
over exterior wall plate at the
eaves
56
Baffling to prevent
insulation from
blocking ventilation
Raised Heel Truss
Baffling to prevent
insulation from
blocking ventilation

57. Ceiling R-value –
Ceilings Without Attic Spaces
 Can install minimum R-30
insulation in roof assemblies
that require
> R-30
 Only allowed in
assemblies with
insufficient space to
install greater than R-30
 Only allowed in ceiling
areas up to 500 ft2 or
20% whichever is less
57

58. Conditioned Attics
• IRC recognizes conditioned attics (Chapter 8)
• Sets requirements (e.g. vapor retarders, air-impermeable
insulation, application)
• Recognizes interaction between
roofing materials and impermeable
insulation
• US Department of Energy (DOE)
building guides
• http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/for_builders.html
58

59. Steel Framed Assemblies
• Steel Frame Assemblies
Must Meet the
Requirements of Table
402.2.5-IECC or
N1102.2.5 - IRC
59

60. Floor R-Value
What Floors Types
Are Covered?
– Floors Over:
• Unconditioned
space
• Vented crawlspace
• Unconditioned
garage
• Outside air
60

61. Code Compliant Raised Floor Insulation
• Insulation must fill the floor joist cavity
from joist to joist and be in permanent
contact with the subfloor
61
Insulation Must Fill
From Joist to Joist

62. Section 403 - Systems
Section 403.1 - Controls
• Each heating or cooling system shall have a
thermostat
• For forced-air systems, a programmable
thermostat is required, with a setback range of
55 ̊F to 85 ̊F, and initial programming of 70 ̊F
(heating) and 78 ̊F (cooling)
• Heat pumps with supplementary electric heat shall
have controls to prevent operation of the
supplemental heat when the heat pump can meet
the load.
62

63. Section 403.2.1 - Ducts Insulation
(Prescriptive)
Heating and Cooling Equipment
– Duct Insulation
• Supply ducts in attics shall
be insulated to an R-8
• All other ducts (returns)
shall be insulated to an R-6
• Ducts inside the building
thermal envelope are
exempt
63

64. Section 4.3.3 – Mechanical
System Piping Insulation
• (Minimum) R-3 for piping carrying fluids
above
105 ̊F or below 55 ̊F.
64

65. Section 403.2.1 – Duct Sealing
• Ducts, air handlers, filters, cavities used as ducts to be
sealed per IRC M1601.4.1
• Duct tightness to be verified by
 Postconstruction test – leakage to outdoors @ (max )
8 cfm/100sf(25Pa) of conditioned space, or
 Rough-in test – total leakage @ (max)
6cfm/100sf(25PA) of conditioned space
Exception – testing not required if air handler and all ducts
are located within conditioned space
65

66. Building Envelope
Mandatory Requirements
Air Leakage Controls
– Goal is to limit infiltration
– Limit both heat and moisture flow
– Air sealant materials must allow for differential
expansion and contraction between dissimilar
materials
66

67. What Options are Available as an Air
Sealant?
• Caulking
• Gasketing
• Weatherstripping
• Sealed with an air barrier
material, suitable film or solid
material
• Self sealing continuous
materials - examples
– Concrete
– SIPS
– ICF
67

68. Air Sealing
• Required Sealing around Tub/Shower Enclosure and Attic Knee wall
• Recessed Lighting IC-Rated
68
Section 402.4.1 Air Leakage
Thermal Envelope Requirements
1. All joints, seams and penetrations
2. Site-built windows, doors and skylights
3. Between window and door assemblies
and framing
4. Utility penetrations
5. Dropped ceilings or chases
6. Knee walls
7. Walls and ceilings separating a garage
8. Behind tubs and showers on exterior
walls
9. Common walls between dwelling units
10. Attic access openings.
11. Rim joists junction
12. Other sources of infiltration

69. 402.4.2.1 Testing option. Building envelope
tightness and insulation installation shall be
considered acceptable when tested air
leakage is less than 7 ACH when tested
with a blower door at a pressure of
50 Pascal's. Testing shall occur after rough
in and after installation of penetrations of
the building envelope, including
penetrations for utilities, plumbing,
electrical, ventilation, and combustion
appliances.
402.4.2 Air sealing and insulation. …shall be
demonstrated to comply with one of the following options :
Air Sealing
69

70. 402.4.2.2 Visual inspection option:
Building envelope tightness and
insulation installation shall be
considered acceptable when the
items listed in Table 402.4.2,
applicable to the method of
construction, are field verified.
Where required by the code official,
an approved party independent from
the installer of the insulation, shall
inspect the air barrier and insulation.
Air Sealing
70

71. Air barrier and thermal
barrier
Ceiling / attic
Walls
Windows and doors
Rim joists
Floors (including above
garage and cantilevered
floors)
Crawlspace walls
Exterior thermal envelope insulation for framed walls is installed in
substantial contact and continuous alignment with building
envelope air barrier.
Breaks or joints in the air barrier are filled or repaired.
Air permeable insulation is not used as a sealing material.
Air permeable insulation is inside of an air barrier.
Air barrier in any dropped ceiling / soffit is substantially aligned
with insulation and any gaps are sealed.
Attic access (except unvented attic), knee wall door, or drop down
stair is sealed.
Corners and headers are insulated.
Junction of foundation and sill plate is sealed.
Space between window/door jambs and framing is sealed.
Rim joists are insulated and include an air barrier.
Insulation is installed to maintain permanent contact with
underside of subfloor decking.
Air barrier is installed at any exposed edge of insulation.
Insulation is permanently attached to walls.
Exposed earth in unvented crawlspaces is covered with class I
vapor retarder with overlapping joints taped.
COMPONENT CRITERIA
AIR BARRIER AND INSULATION INSPECTION
Table 402.4.2 - Air Sealing
71

72. Shafts, penetrations
Narrow cavities
Garage separation
Recessed lighting
Plumbing and Wiring
Shower/tub on ext. wall
Electrical / phone box
on exterior walls
Common wall
HVAC register boots
Fireplace
Duct shafts, utility penetrations, knee walls, and flue shafts
opening to exterior or unconditioned space
are sealed.
Batts in narrow cavities are cut to fit, or narrow cavities are filled
by sprayed/blown insulation.
Air sealing is provided between the garage and conditioned spaces.
Recessed light fixtures are airtight, IC rated, and sealed to
drywall. Exception--fixtures in conditioned space.
Insulation is placed between outside and pipes. Batt insulation is cut
to fit around wiring and plumbing, or sprayed/blown insulation extends
behind piping and wiring.
Showers and tubs on exterior walls have insulation and an air
barrier separating them from the exterior wall.
Air barrier extends behind boxes or an air sealed type boxes are
installed.
Air barrier is installed in common wall between dwelling units.
HVAC register boots that penetrate building envelope are sealed to
subfloor or drywall.
Fireplace walls include an air barrier.
COMPONENT CRITERIA
AIR BARRIER AND INSULATION INSPECTION
Table 402.4.2 - Air Sealing
72

73. Air Sealing
Recessed Lighting Fixtures
3 Options:
– IC-Rated and meeting
ASTM E 283 ≤ 2.0 CFM
leakage
– Sealed with a gasket or
caulk between the
housing and interior wall
or ceiling surface.
73

74. Systems Mandatory Requirements
Systems Include
• Heating and cooling
systems
• Circulating water
heating systems
• Snow melt controls
• Pool heaters and
covers
74

75. Systems Mandatory Requirements
• Heating and Cooling
Equipment
– System sealing is
required including:
• Ducts
• Air handlers
• Filter boxes
• Building cavities used
as ducts
75

76. Systems Mandatory Requirements
Heating and Cooling Equipment
Duct Sealing Section 403.2.2
IECC and M1601.4.1 IRC
• Can seal with tapes, mastics,
gasketing and other approved
closure devices
• Rigid fibrous glass ducts
– Pressure sensitive tapes UL
181 A “181 A-P”
– Mastic UL 181 A “181 A-M”
– Heat sensitive tape UL 181 A
“181 A-H”
• Flexible air duct
– Pressure sensitive tape UL
181B “181B-FX”
– Mastic UL 181B “181B-M”
76

77. 1. Post construction test: Leakage to outdoors shall be < 8 cfm
per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area
or, < 12 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area across entire
system
2. Rough-in test: Total leakage shall be < 6 cfm per 100 ft2 of
conditioned floor area, at 25 Pa across rough system. If air
handler not installed at test, then test at 4 cfm per 100 ft2 of
conditioned floor area
3. Exception: Duct tightness testing is not required if air handler
and ALL ducts are located within the conditioned space.
403.2.2 All ducts, air handlers, filter boxes and building
cavities used as ducts shall be sealed. :
Systems Mandatory Requirements
Ducts - Sealing
77

78. Systems Requirements
• Heating and Cooling
Equipment
– Each separate
space conditioning
system shall have a
control
– Special thermostat for
heat pump systems
– R-2 for piping
carrying fluids > 105
˚F or < 55˚F
– Outdoor air intakes
or exhausts shall
have dampers
78
Initially
programmed with
heating
temperature set
point no higher
than 70oF and a
cooling
temperature set
point no lower
than 78oF

79. Systems Mandatory Requirements
• Heating and cooling equipment shall be sized in
accordance with ACCA Manual J (IRC M1401.3)
– or approved method
– Outdoor design temperatures
per ACCA Manual S
– Indoor design temperatures
• ≤ 72 ˚F Heating
• ≥ 75 ˚F Cooling
79

80. Systems Mandatory Requirements
• Water Heating
– Circulating hot
water system
piping to be
insulated to an R-2
– Ability to switch the
system off when
not in use
• Manual switch
• Automatic switch
80

81. Section 403.5 – Mechanical Ventilation
• Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall
have gravity or automatic dampers that
close when the system is not in operation.
81

82. Section 403.6 – Equipment Sizing
• Equipment to be sized in accordance with
IRC M1401.3 – ACCA Manual S with
loads calculated per ACCA Manual J
82

83. Section 403.7 – Systems Serving Multiple
Dwelling Units
• Such systems shall comply with Sec 503
and 504 (Commercial) instead of 403.
83

84. Section 403.8 – Snow Melt Controls
• Such systems shall be provided with
automatic controls to shut off the system
when pavement temperature is above
50 ̊F, and with auto or manual controls to
shutoff the systems when outdoor
temperature is above 40 ̊F.
84

85. Section 403.0 – Pools
• Pool heaters – All pool heaters shall be provided
with a readily accessible shutoff switch, Gas-fired
heaters shall not have continuously burning pilots.
• Pool heaters and pumps shall be provided with
programmable shutoff switches, except where
pumps are required to operate solar or waste heat
recovery systems.
• Heated pools shall be provided with vapor
retardant covers. Pools heated to more than 90 ̊F
shall have R-12 covers, except for pools deriving
more than 60% of their energy from a solar or site-
recovered source.
85

86. Section 404 - Lighting
• High-Efficacy Lamps
 T-8 or smaller
 60 lumens per watt over 40 watts
 50 lumens per watt over 15 watts to 40 watts
 40 lumens per watt 15 watts or less
– 50% of lamps
86

87. Total UA Alternative - REScheck
87

88. Simulated Performance
• Simulates the Energy Use of a Proposed
Residence and Determines the Cost to Operate
Annually
• Most Flexible Energy Code Compliance
Approach, Accounts for:
• House tightness
• Heating and cooling efficiency
• Service water heating efficiency
• Building orientation
• Thermal mass
• Duct leakage
88

89. Simulated Performance
<
Proposed
Design
Energy
Estimation
Tool
Building
Complies
W hen The:
Energy Cost
of
Proposed
Energy use
of Standard
Standard
Design
<
Proposed
Design
Energy
Estimation
Tool
Building
Complies
W hen The:
Energy Cost
of
Proposed
Energy use
of Standard
Standard
Design
89

90. Simulated Performance
Required Documentation
– Compliance report
• Address of residence
• Inspection checklist
• Compliance author
• Name and version of
compliance software
Optional documentation
– Standard reference
and proposed design
documentation
– Certification showing
building component
characteristics of
proposed design
• Must be signed by
the builder
90
HVAC trade-off
eliminated in 2009 IECC

91. Energy Code Compliance Process
91
Mandatory Provisions
Prescriptive
Envelope Section 402
Envelope Provisions
Section 402.2, 402.3.3 thru 402.3.6 &
402.5 (As Applies)
Simulated Performance Section 405
Insulation Requirements Fenestration
Section 403.2.1 & 404.1
Table 402.1.3
Section 402.3.1 &
402.3.2 (Trade-Off)
Section 402.1.1 &
402.1.2 (Tabular)
Section 402.1.3 &
402.1.4 (Trade-Off)
Project Complies
OR OR

92. Above Code Programs
Allows National, State and
Local Energy Efficiency
Programs as Alternatives
to Complying with the
2009 IECC or IRC
– Program must exceed the current energy code
– Must be approved by the code official or the
authority having jurisdiction
– Must meet mandatory requirements
92

93. Additional Resources
Websites
• International Codes Council www.iccsafe.org/
• US Department of Energy www.energycodes.gov/
• National Fenestration Rating Council, Inc www.nfrc.org
• New Buildings Institute www.newbuildings.org
• United State Department of Energy, Building Codes Program
• Submit a question at Ask an Energy Codes Expert
• Locate compliance software - visit U.S. Department of Energy's
Building Energy Software Tools Directory for more information.
• International Codes Council (ICC), Code clarification for ICC
Members - 1-888-ICC-SAFE (1-888-422-7233)
• Simplyinsulate.com
• CONTACT INFO: Forrest Fielder, fielder_4@msn.com
93
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