Presentazione Corso VMware vSphere 6.5

CASCINA MEDICI DEL VASCELLO – REGGIA DI VENARIA
9 FEBBRAIO 2017
APPUNTAMENTO CON LA FORMAZIONE VMWARE
E LA TECNOLOGIA LENOVO

Ore 09,00 REGISTRAZIONE E CAFFE’ DI BENVENUTO
Ore 09,30 CORSO DI FORMAZIONE VMWARE
Ore 11,00 BREAK
Ore 13,00 LUNCH
Ore 12,15 PRESENTAZIONE NOVITA’ LENOVO
CASCINA MEDICI DEL VASCELLO – REGGIA DI VENARIA
Ore 17,30 FINE LAVORI

vSphere 6.5 Overview
Torino, 9 febbraio 2017

About me
Pietro Ciotola
Ingegnere Informatico
Dal 2008 Trainer ufficiale VMware (VCI)
VCP6-DCV
Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/in/pietroc/
Torino 9 febbraio 2017

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Agenda
• Introduzione a VMware vSphere
• Le novità della versione 6.5
• Le interfacce WEB di Management
• Il Vcenter e l’applicance VCSA
• Scenari di migrazione ed upgrade
• Il nuovo filesystem VMFS6
• Le Virtual Machines
• vSphere HA e vSphere DRS

What’s new in vSphere 6.5
• New Admin Interfaces
• Improved vCenter management
• Improved VMFS
• Improved VM security with encription
• Improved Networking
• Proactive HA
• Predictive DRS

Traditional Architecture
Traditional architecture has inherent
challenges:
– Poor use of physical resources
– High management and
maintenance costs
– High physical infrastructure
costs
– Provisioning challenges
– Insufficient failover and poor
disaster protection
StorageNetwork

Virtual Architecture
Virtual architecture has inherent benefits:
– Expanded use of physical resources
– Reduced management and maintenance
costs
– Improved desktop manageability and
security
– Increased availability of applications
– Increased operational flexibility
Network Storage

About Virtual Machines
• A virtual machine is a software representation of a physical computer and
its components.
• The virtualization software converts the physical machine and its
components into files.
– Operating system
– VMware Tools™
– Virtual resources, such as:
• CPU and memory
• Network adapters
• Disks and controllers
• Parallel and serial ports
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Components

Benefits of Using Virtual Machines
Physical machines
Difficult to move or copy
Bound to a specific set of hardware
components
Often has a short lifecycle
Requires personal contact to
upgrade hardware
Virtual machines
Easy to move or copy
– Encapsulated into files
– Independent of physical
hardware
Easy to manage
– Isolated from other virtual
machines running on same
physical hardware
– Insulated from physical
hardware changes

Management Tools in vSphere 6.5
VMware Host Client
vSphere Client
ESXi
Host
Your
Desktop
vCenter
Server
vSphere Web Client

vSphere Web Client
• Host and Cluster default start point
• MANAGE tab is now CONFIGURE
• No more RELATED OBJECT but flat view of HOST,VMs,DATASTORE, NETWORKS
• No more CLIENT INTEGRATION PLUGIN

vSphere Client (1)

vSphere Client (2)
• HTML-5 version of vSphere Client
• https://vcenterFQDN or IPaddress/ui
• No browser plug-ins to install and manage
• Fully supports Enhanced Linked Mode
• Integrated into vCenter Server 6.5 and fully
supported

VMware HOST Client

vCenter Server Management Platform
vSphere vSphere vSphere
vCenter Server
Manage

vCenter Server Architecture
ESXi Host ESXi HostESXi Host
vSphere Clients
vCenter Server
and Additional
Modules
Database
Active Directory Domain
Platform Services
Controller with
vCenter Single
Sign-On

Platform Services Controller
• vCenter Server includes Platform Services Controller:
– Platform Services Controller includes a set of common infrastructure
services:
• VMware vCenter® Single Sign-On
• VMware License Server
• Lookup Service
• VMware Certificate Authority
• Certificate Store
• VMware Directory Services
– Other features are installed under the vCenter Server component.
– You can install vCenter Server and Platform Services Controller on the
same or different machines.
vCenter Server
Platform Services
Controller

vCenter Server Services
• The vCenter Server group of services contains:
– vCenter Server
– vSphere Web Client (server)
– VMware Inventory Service
– vSphere Update Manager
– VMware vSphere® Auto Deploy™
– VMware vSphere® ESXi™ Dump Collector
– VMware vSphere® Syslog Collector
• You cannot distribute these vCenter Server functions across
multiple servers. When you deploy vCenter Server Appliance, all of
these features are included.
Platform Services
Controller
vCenter Server

vCenter Server Appliance Architecture
vSphere Clients
ESXi Host Hosting
vCenter Server
Appliance Systems
Photon OS
vCenter Server
Application
vCenter Server
Database
Embedded
vCenter Server
Appliance Systems
Managed
Hosts and
Guests
Photon OS
Platform Services
Controller

VMware vCenter Server® 6.5 new features
• The installer has been overhauled, resulting in a new, modern look
and feel. It is now supported on Microsoft Windows, macOS, and
Linux without the need for any plug-ins.
• With vSphere 6.5, the VMware vCenter Server Appliance™ has
surpassed the Windows installable version. It offers the following
exclusive features:
– Migration Tool
– Improved appliance management
– Native high availability
– Native backup and restore

Appliance Management
In addition to CPU and
memory statistics, it now
shows network and
database statistics, disk
space usage,and health data.
This reduces reliance on a
command-line interface for
simple monitoring and
operational tasks.

vCenter Server High Availability
This solution
consists of active,
passive, and witness
nodes that are
cloned from the
existing vCenter
Server instance.
The vCenter HA
cluster can be
enabled, disabled, or
destroyed at any
time.

Storage Overview
Storage
Technologies
Datastore
Types
FCoE iSCSI
Fibre
Channel
Direct
Attached
File
System
NAS
VMFS NFS
ESXi
Hosts

Storage Protocol Overview
Storage Protocol
Boot from SAN
Support
vSphere vMotion
Support
vSphere HA
Support
vSphere DRS
Support
Raw Device
Mapping
Support
Fibre Channel ● ● ● ● ●
FCoE ● ● ● ● ●
iSCSI ● ● ● ● ●
NFS ● ● ●
DAS ● ●
Virtual Volumes ● ● ●
vSAN ● ● ●

About VMFS6
• VMFS6:
– Allows concurrent access to
shared storage.
– Can be dynamically expanded.
– Uses 1 MB sizes that are good for
storing large virtual disk files.
– Uses subblock addressing that is
good for storing small files: the
subblock size is 8 KB.
– Provides on-disk locking.
HostHost
VMFS Datastore

Automated UNMAP
• UNMAP is a vSphere Storage APIs primitive that enables
reclamation of dead or stranded space on thinly provisioned VMFS
volumes.
• In vSphere 6.0, this can be initiated by running a simple ESXCLI
command that can free up deleted blocks from storage. vSphere 6.5
automates the UNMAP process by which VMFS tracks the deleted
blocks and reclaims deleted space from the backend array in
background.
• This background operation ensures a minimal storage I/O impact
due to UNMAP operations. UNMAP works at a guest OS level with
newer versions of Windows and Linux.

LUN Scalability
• In vSphere 6 the maximum number of LUNs is
256 and paths is 1,024
• vSphere 6.5 now supports up to 512 LUNs and
2,000 paths

Creating and Viewing VMFS Datastores

Browsing Datastore Contents

Virtual Switch Connections
Virtual Switch
Production TestDev DMZ vSphere
vMotion
Management
Uplink Ports
Virtual Machine Port Groups VMkernel Ports

Network Switch and Port Policies
• Policies that are set at the standard switch level apply to all port groups on the
standard switch by default.
• Available network policies:
– Security
– Traffic shaping
– NIC teaming and failover
• Policies are defined at the following levels:
– Standard switch level:
• Default policies for all the ports on the standard switch.
– Port group level:
• Effective policies: Policies defined at this level override the default policies that are set at the standard
switch level.
•

Configuring Security Policies
– Promiscuous mode: Allows a virtual switch or port group to forward all traffic
regardless of the destination.
– MAC address changes: Accept or reject inbound traffic when the MAC address
is altered by the guest.
– Forged transmits: Accept or reject outbound traffic when the MAC address is
altered by the guest.

Traffic-Shaping Policy
• Network traffic shaping is a mechanism for limiting a virtual machine’s
consumption of available network bandwidth.
• Average rate, peak rate, and burst size are configurable.
Peak Bandwidth
Average
Outbound
Bandwidth
Time Burst Size = Bandwidth x Time

NIC Teaming and Failover Policies
• Administrators can edit the NIC teaming and
failover policy by configuring specific options.

About Virtual Machine Files
VM folder
Configuration file VM_name.vmx
Swap files VM_name.vswp
vmx-VM_name.vswp
BIOS file VM_name.nvram
Log files vmware.log
Template file VM_name.vmtx
Raw device map file VM_name-rdm.vmdk
Disk descriptor file VM_name.vmdk
Disk data file VM_name-flat.vmdk
Suspend state file VM_name.vmss
Snapshot data file VM_name.vmsd
Snapshot state file VM_name-Snapshot.vmsn
Snapshot disk file VM_name-#####.delta.vmdk
Snapshot active memory file VM_name-Snapshot#.vmem

Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine Virtual Hardware
Hardware
3D
2 IDE
Controller
Devices
Up to 3
Parallel Ports
Up to 32
Serial/Com
ports 1 USB
Controller
20 Devices
1 Floppy
Controller
2 Devices
Up to 10
NICs
15 Devices
per
Adapter
Up to
6 TB of RAM
Up to 4 SCSI
Adapters
Up to 128 vCPUs
AHCI
SATA
Controller

Virtual Hardware Versions
Compatibility Hardware Version
ESXi 6.5 and later 13
ESXi 6 and later 11
ESXi/ESX 5.0 and later 8

Creating Virtual Machines

New Virtual Machine Wizard Settings

Deploying OVF Templates

VMware Tools: Supported ISO Images
• The following ISOs are included with vSphere 6.5:
– windows.iso: For Vista and later guests
– winPreVista.iso: For Windows 2000, XP, and Server 2003 guests
– linux.iso: For Linux 3.x and later guests, CentOS 6 and later,
Debian 6 and later, Ubuntu 10 and later
• VMware Tools for other guest operating systems, such as FreeBSD, Solaris,
and Mac OS X, can be downloaded from My VMware at
https://download.vmware.com.

Using a Template
• A template is a master copy of a virtual
machine. A template is used to create and
provision new virtual machines.

Customizing the Guest Operating System
• Use the Guest Operating System Customization wizard to make virtual
machines created from the same template or clone unique.
– Customizing a guest operating system enables you to change:
• Computer name
• Network settings
• License settings
• Windows Security Identifier
• During cloning or deploying virtual machines from a template:
– You can create a specification to prepare the guest operating systems of
virtual machines.
– Specifications can be stored in the database.
– You can edit specifications in the Customization Specifications Manager.
– Windows and Linux operating systems are supported.

Migrating Virtual Machines
• Migration means moving a virtual machine from one host,
datastore, or vCenter Server system to another host, datastore, or
vCenter Server system.
– Types of migrations:
• Cold: Migrate a powered-off virtual machine to a new host or datastore.
• Suspended: Migrate a suspended virtual machine to a new host or datastore
• vSphere vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine to a new host.
• vSphere Storage vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine's files to a
new datastore.
• Shared-nothing vSphere vMotion: Migrate a powered-on virtual machine to a
new host and a new datastore simultaneously.

Comparison of Migration Types
Migration Type
Virtual
Machine
Power State
Change Host or
Datastore?
Across vCenter
Servers?
Shared Storage
Required?
CPU Compatibility
Cold Off
Host or
datastore
or both
Yes No
Different CPU families
allowed
Suspended Suspended
Host or
datastore
or both
Yes No
Must meet CPU
compatibility
requirements
vSphere vMotion On Host Yes Yes
Must meet CPU
compatibility
requirements
vSphere Storage
vMotion
On Datastore Yes No N/A
Shared-nothing
vSphere vMotion
On Both Yes No
Must meet CPU
compatibility
requirements

Resource Management and Monitoring

Memory Reclamation Techniques
• Economize use of physical memory pages:
– Transparent page sharing allows pages with identical contents to be stored only once.
• Deallocate memory from one virtual machine for another:
– Ballooning mechanism, active when memory is scarce, forces virtual machines to use their
own paging areas.
• Memory compression:
– Attempts to reclaim some memory performance when memory contention is high.
• Host-level SSD swapping:
– Use of a solid-state drive (SSD) on the host for a host cache swap file might increase
performance.
• Page virtual machine memory out to disk:
– Use of VMkernel swap space is the last resort, because of poor performance.

CPU Load Balancing
uni
VM
dual
VM
LCPU LCPU
Hyperthreaded Dual-Core,
Dual-Socket System LCPU LCPU
LCPU LCPU
LCPU LCPU
uni
VM
uni
VM

Shares, Limits, and Reservations
Available Capacity
0 MHz/MB
Limit
Shares are used to
compete in this range.
Reservation

Using Perfmon to Monitor Virtual Machine Resources

• esxtop is the primary real-time performance monitoring tool for vSphere:
– This tool can be run from an ESXi host local command line as esxtop.
– This tool can also be run remotely from VMware vSphere® Command-Line Interface as
resxtop.
– esxtop works like the top performance utility found in Linux operating systems.
• In this example, you enter c and uppercase V to view CPU metrics for
virtual machines.
• A visual tool can be found on labs.vmware.com/flings/visualesxtop
•
Using esxtop

Working with Overview Performance Charts
Host’s Performance Charts
Partial Overview Panel

Chart Options: Real-Time and Historical
vCenter Server stores statistics at different
specificities.
Time Interval Data Frequency Number of Samples
Real-Time (past hour) 20 seconds 180
Past Day 5 minutes 288
Past Week 30 minutes 336
Past Month 2 hours 360
Past Year 1 day 365

Saving Charts
You click the Save Chart icon above the graph to
save performance chart information.
• You can save information in these formats:
– PNG
– JPEG
– CSV

About Clusters
A cluster is used in vSphere to share physical
resources between a group of ESXi hosts.
vCenter Server manages cluster resources as a
single pool of resources.
Features such as vSphere HA, vSphere DRS, and
vSAN can be enabled in a cluster.
Cluster

About vSphere HA
Protects against
ESXi host failures
Protects against application
failures
Protects against datastore
accessibility failures
Protects virtual machines
against network isolation

ESXi Host Failure
Virtual Machine A
Virtual Machine B
Virtual Machine C
Virtual Machine F
vCenter
Server
Virtual Machine D
Virtual Machine E
Virtual Machine A Virtual Machine B
When a host fails,
vSphere HA restarts the
affected virtual
machines on other
hosts.
= vSphere HA Cluster

Guest Operating System Failure
vCenter Server
ESXi Host ESXi Host
ESXi Host
When a virtual
machine stops
sending heartbeats or
the virtual machine
process crashes (vmx),
vSphere HA resets the
virtual machine.
Virtual Machine C
VMware Tools VMware Tools
Virtual Machine E
VMware Tools
Virtual Machine F
VMware Tools
Virtual Machine A
VMware Tools
Virtual Machine B
VMware Tools
Virtual Machine D

Application Failure
vCenter Server
Virtual Machine E
Application
When an application
fails, vSphere HA restarts
the affected virtual
machine on the same
host.
Requires installation of
VMware Tools.
Virtual Machine C
Application
Virtual Machine F
Application
Virtual Machine D
Application
Virtual Machine A
Application
Virtual Machine B
Application

Proactive HA
• Proactive HA integrates with select hardware partners to detect
degraded components and evacuate VMs from affected vSphere
hosts before an incident causes a service interruption.
• Hardware partners offer a vCenter Server plug-in to provide the
health status of the system memory, local storage, power supplies,
cooling fans, and network adapters. As hardware components
become degraded, Proactive HA determines which hosts are at risk
and places them into a new state, Quarantine Mode. While in
Quarantine Mode, VMs are migrated to healthy hosts, as long as
affinity or antiaffinity rules are not violated and there is no impact
to VM performance. In addition, the affected hosts are avoided
when new VMs are added to the cluster.

High Availability Orchestrated Restart
• Orchestrated Restart improves the
recoverability of applications that
run across multiple VMs.
• This is done by creating
dependency chains between VMs
via VM-to-VM restart rules.
• These restart rules enforce the
restart order for each VM within
the dependency chain, increasing
the likelihood that an impacted
application will properly recover
when vSphere HA restarts the
VMs.

Configuring vSphere HA Settings
• When you create a vSphere HA cluster or
configure a cluster, you must configure
settings that determine how the feature
works.

vSphere HA Admission Control Improvements

About vSphere Replication
vSphere vSphere
Source Target
vSphere
Replication

vSphere Replication Appliance
Standard OVF
Virtual
Appliance
Delivered with
the vSphere
Platform
Included with
Most vSphere
Editions
vSphere Replication
Appliance

Replication Functions
Replication
Between
Two Sites

vSphere DRS Cluster Prerequisites

vSphere DRS : Automation Level
Migration threshold guides selection of
virtual machines for migration.
Automation Level Settings

Predictive DRS (1)
In addition to current usage metrics, vSphere DRS initiation also
depends on predicted usage metrics provided by vRealize
Operations.

Predictive DRS
• Predictive DRS is a new feature that leverages the predictive analytics of
vRealize Operations Manager with the powerful resource scheduler algorithm
of vSphere DRS. Together, these two products enable workload balancing for
certain VMs before resource utilization spikes occur, potentially eliminating a
great amount of resource contention that might have occurred in the past.
• vRealize Operations Manager runs its dynamic thresholds algorithm nightly
against the VMs on which it collects data. These dynamic thresholds create
forecasted metrics for the future utilization of the VMs.
• The metrics are then passed to vSphere DRS to determine the best placement
and balance of VMs before resource utilization spikes occur. Predictive DRS
helps prevent resource contention on hosts that run VMs with predictable
utilization patterns.

THANK YOU !

Presentazione Corso VMware vSphere 6.5

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