Types of computer on the basis of configuration and principles. Analog, hybrid, digital computers, mini,micro, mainframe, super computers..

1. PRANSHU
DIWAKAR

2. Types of Computers

3. Computers are divided into three types:
• Analog Computers
• Digital Computers
• Hybrid Computers

4. Analog Computer
Analog Computer is a computing device that
works on continuous range of values. The
results given by the analog computers will
only be approximate since they deal with
quantities that vary continuously. It generally
deals with physical variables such as voltage,
pressure, temperature, speed etc.
Examples: 1. Analog Clock
2. Car Speedometer

5. Digital Computers
A digital computer operates on digital data
such as numbers. It uses binary number system in
which there are only two digits 0 and 1. Each one is
called a bit. The digital computer is designed using
digital circuits in which there are two levels for an
input or output signal. These two levels are known as
logic 0 and logic 1. Digital Computers can give more
accurate and faster results.
Examples:
1. Calculator (a small computer)
2.Digital clock, Digital watches
3. Weighing machines
4. Mini, Micro, Mainframe and super computers.

6. Diff b/w : Analog and Digital Computers
Analog Digital
Analog computer works with continuous
values.
Digital computers works with discrete value
(0,1). It can work only with digits
It has very limited memory. It can store large amount of data.
It has no state. It has two states on and off
It can perform certain types of calculations. Its speed of calculation is very high.
It is difficult to use It is easy to use.
Analog computers is used in engineering and
scientific applications.
Digital computer is widely used in almost all
fields of life.
Analog computer is used for calculations and
measurement of physical quantities such as
weight, height, temperature and speed.
Digital computer is used to calculate
mathematical and logical operations.
Its accuracy is high. Its accuracy is comparatively low.
Its readability is low. Its readability is high.
Examples: Thermometer, analog clock, older
weighing machines. Car speedometer, voice ,
radio/tv signal etc.
Examples: digital watches, digital weighing
machines, mini computers, microcomputers,
mainframe computers and super computers.

7. Hybrid Computers
A hybrid computer combines the desirable
features of analog and digital computers. It is
mostly used for automatic operations of
complicated physical processes and machines.
Nowadays analog-to-digital and digital-to-
analog converters are used for transforming
the data into suitable form for either type of
computation.
Examples:
1. Gas Pump Station (where measurement of gas
by analog system, and displaying such
calculation by digital system(computer).

9. Classification of Digital Computers
Computers are classified according to sizes, speed and
memory capacity. Computers are different types:
Super Computers
Mainframe Computers
Mini Computers
Micro/Personal Computers
Desktop Computes
Laptop Computers
Tablet Computers
Palmtop (handheld pc) Computers

10. Super Computers
• Supercomputer are very fast computers that can
perform hundreds of millions of instructions per
second. These are the fastest calculating devices.
• Uses:
–Super computer are used by government agencies .
–Supercomputers are used to research in the field
of medicine. For example Cancer.
–Supercomputers are used for the heavy stuff like
weather maps, construction of atom bombs,
finding oil, earthquake prediction, and sciences
where a lot of calculations must be done.

11. World's Fastest Super Computers
RANK SUPER COMPUTER NAME SPEED
1
Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2)
National University of Defense Technology
Manufacturer (NUDT)
Cores | 3,120,000
O/S | Kylin Linux
Power: 17,808.00 kW
Memory: 1,024,000 GB
2 Titan - Cray XK7
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Manufacturer Cray Inc. USA
Cores | 560,640
O/S | Cray Linux Environment
Power: 8,209.00 kW
Memory: 710,144 GB
3
Sequoia – Blue Gene/Q
IBM
Livermore – USA
Cores | 1,572,864
O/S | Linux
Power: 7,890.00 kW
Memory: 1,572,864 GB
China aims to become supercomputer superpower.

12. Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2)

13. Mainframe Computers
• Mainframe computers are smaller than Super
Computers. Usually, a main frame would occupy an
entire room and could cost over million dollars.
• Mainframes are typically manufactured by large
companies such as IBM, Hitachi etc.
Uses
–Mainframe computers are the big, powerful, expensive
computers used in the background by most large
organizations.
–Mainframe computers are used to run commercial
applications and other large-scale computing purposes.
–It is also used in banking and insurance businesses

14. Mainframe Compuer

15. Mini Computers
• Minicomputer is a class of multi-user Computer that
lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum,
in between the largest Multi-user systems
(mainframe computer) and the smallest single-user
systems (Microcomputers or personal computers.
Uses
–Mainframe computers are used to run commercial
applications and other large-scale computing
purposes.
–It is also used in banking and insurance businesses.

16. Personal (Micro) Computers
• A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose
Computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales
price make it useful for individuals, and which is
intended to be operated directly by an end user.
• A personal computer may be a desktop computer, a
laptop, a tablet PC, or a handheld PC (also called a
palmtop).
• Software applications for personal computers include
word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web
browsers and e-mail clients, games and special-
purpose software applications.

17. Personal (Micro) Computers : Features
• Cheap and easy to use:
– Micro computers are cheap and easy to use.
• Limited Support for I/O device
– They support very limited input and output capacities.
• Storage Capacity
– They have less storage capacity
• Software Capacity
– These computers support very limited number of software
• Architecture
– Most of microcomputers are self-contained unit, which are light enough and can be
moved easily.
• Number of Operators
– They are designed to be used by one person at a time.
• I/O devices
– In addition to CPU , a microcomputer has diff input / output devices like.

18. Personal (Micro) Computers : Features
• Data Storage
– Hard disk and floppy disk drivers are used to enter and store data and programs.
• Softcopy Output
– A visual display screen (monitor) and / or a printer is used to get the output.

19. Personal Computer (Desktop)

20. Personal (Micro) Computers : Uses
Laptop Computers
A laptop is a personal computer designed for mobile
use.
It is small and light enough to sit on a person’s lap
while in use.
A laptop integrate most of the typical components
of a desktop computer , including a display ,
keyboard, a pointing device ( a touch pad, also
known as a track pad, and / or a point stick,
speakers, and often including a battery, into a single
small and light unit.

21. Personal Computer (Laptop)

22. Personal (Micro) Computers : Uses
Palmtop Computers
–A computer small enough to hold in one hand and
operate with the other. Also called a “handtop”
–Because of their small size, most palmtop
computers do not include disk drives .
–However, many contain PCMCIA(Personal
Computer Memory Card International Association)
slots in which you can insert disk drives, modems,
memory, and other devices.

23. Personal Computer (palmtop)

24. Personal (Micro) Computers : Uses
Tablet Computers
• A tablet personal computer (tablet PC) is a portable
personal computer equipped with a touchscreen as a
primary input device and designed to be operated
and owned by an individual
• The Tablet PC provides all of the features, reliability
and power of Windows XP, plus pen and ink
capabilities that allow you to write directly on the
screen or use the pen as you would a mouse and
keyboard.

25. Tablet Computers, Google
Glass & wearable Pc

27. 4mb Hard Disk
Core i7