2. Table of Contents
What is SD, word origin,
history etc
Where India stands, SDI
United Nations approach
to SD
The 17 Goals of UN Thankyou!
Introduction Rankings
4. —Ban Ki-moon(2013)
“Sustainable development is the pathway to
the future we want for all.
It offers a framework to generate economic
growth, achieve social justice, exercise
environmental stewardship and strengthen
governance.”
2013 G20
Saint
Petersburg
summit
6. Development is a process that:
● creates growth, progress, positive change
● or
● the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and
demographic components
What is
Development ?
7. The purpose of development is to:
● rise in the level and quality of life of the population
● the creation or expansion of local regional income
● employment opportunities
without damaging the resources of the environment.
Development should be visible and useful, not necessarily immediately, and it
should include an aspect of quality change and the creation of conditions for a
continuation of that change.
What is the purpose
of Development ?
11. Sustainability
Etymology
The name sustainability is derived from the Latin sustinere (tenere, to hold; sub,
under). Sustain can mean "maintain", "support", "uphold" or "endure".
What is Sustainability ?
Sustainability is the ability to exist constantly. In the 21st century, it refers
generally to the capacity for the biosphere and human civilization to co-exist. It
is also defined as the process of people maintaining change in a homeostasis
balanced environment, in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of
investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional
change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to
meet human needs and aspirations.
12. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. It contains within it two key concepts:
The concept of 'needs', in particular, the essential needs of the world's poor, to
which overriding priority should be given; and
The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social
organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.
— World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future
(1987)
What is Sustainable
Development ?
15. History of
Sustainable
Development
In 1980 the International Union for the Conservation
of Nature published a world conservation strategy
that included one of the first references to
sustainable development as a global priority and
introduced the term "sustainable development".
Two years later, the United Nations World Charter
for Nature raised five principles of conservation by
which human conduct affecting nature is to be
guided and judged. In 1987 the United Nations
World Commission on Environment and
Development released the report Our Common
Future, commonly called the Brundtland Report
16. History of Sustainable Development
Since the Brundtland Report, the concept of sustainable development has
developed beyond the initial intergenerational framework to focus more on the goal
of "socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable economic growth". In 1992,
the UN Conference on Environment and Development published the Earth Charter,
which outlines the building of a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the
21st century. The action plan Agenda 21 for sustainable development identified
information, integration, and participation as key building blocks to help countries
achieve development that recognises these interdependent pillars. It emphasises
that in sustainable development everyone is a user and provider of information. It
stresses the need to change from old sector-centred ways of doing business to new
approaches that involve cross-sectoral co-ordination and the integration of
environmental and social concerns into all development processes. Furthermore,
Agenda 21 emphasises that broad public participation in decision making is a
fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.
17. A. Early civilizations
In early human history, although the energy and other resource demands of nomadic
hunter-gatherers were small, the use of fire and desire for specific foods may have
altered the natural composition of plant and animal communities.
Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, agriculture emerged in various regions of the
world.Agrarian communities depended largely on their environment and the creation of
a "structure of permanence".Societies outgrowing their local food supply or depleting
critical resources either moved on or faced collapse.
18. B. Emergence of industrial societies
Industrial
Revolution
Eugenius Warming
acclaimed the
scientific discipline
of ecology.
Global population
doubled from
around 500 million
to 1 billion people.
Concerns about
the environmental
and social impacts
of industry were
expressed
Thomas Malthus,
devised
catastrophic and
much-criticised
theories of
"overpopulation"
1800s1760
1650-1850
18th
century
late 19th
century
19. C. Early 20th century
The industrial
revolution had led
to an exponential
increase in the
human
consumption of
resources
Hotelling's rule
Hartwick's rule
1931
by the
20th
century
1930s
20. D. Mid 20th century: environmentalism
A new period of
escalating growth.
A surge in the
human enterprise.
Small Is Beautiful,
by British
economist E. F.
Schumacher
M. King Hubbert's
peak oil theory
Rachel Carson’s
Silent Spring
The Limits to
Growth published
by the global think
tank
1962
post
1950s
1956 1972
1973
1975
Club of
Rome
21. E. Late 20th century
The UN
Conference on the
Human
Environment was
held in Stockholm
BPoA+5 (1999) -
Five-year review of
the Barbados
Programme of
Action
Report of the
World Commission
on Environment
and Development -
Our Common
Future
Rio de Janeiro
UNCED,Earth
Summit & Agenda
21
UNGASS-19
19921972
1982 1997
1999
22. F. 21st century: global awareness
World Summit on
Sustainable
Development
(WSSD),
Johannesburg
Summit
The World
Sustainable
Development
Summit (WSDS),
New Delhi
United Nations
Conference on
Sustainable
Development,
Rio+20
United Nations
Sustainable
Development
Summit 2015.
2030 Agenda
World Economic
Forum
Sustainable
Development
Impact Summit
20152002
2012 2020
2021
24. Education for Sustainable Development
Education for sustainable development (ESD) is defined as education that encourages
changes in knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to enable a more sustainable and
equitable society. ESD aims to empower and equip current and future generations to meet the
needs using a balanced and integrated approach to the economic, social and environmental
dimensions of sustainable development.
The concept of ESD was born from the need for education to address the growing and
changing environmental challenges facing the planet.To do this, education must change to
provide the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes that empower learners to contribute to
sustainable development. At the same time, education must be strengthened in all agendas,
programmes, and activities that promote sustainable development.
26. Sub-groups
A 2013 study concluded that sustainability reporting should be reframed through the lens of
four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.
Sustainable development can be thought of in terms of three spheres, dimensions, domains or
pillars, i.e. the environment, the economy and society. The three-sphere framework was
initially proposed by the economist Rene Passet in 1979. It has also been worded as
"economic, environmental and social" or "ecology, economy and equity". This has been
expanded by some authors to include a fourth pillar of culture, institutions or governance, or
alternatively reconfigured as four domains of the social – ecology, economics, politics and
culture, thus bringing economics back inside the social, and treating ecology as the
intersection of the social and the natural.
27. Ecological
The ecological stability of human settlements is part
of the relationship between humans and their natural,
social and built environments.Also termed human
ecology, this broadens the focus of sustainable
development to include the domain of human health.
Fundamental human needs such as the availability
and quality of air, water, food and shelter are also the
ecological foundations for sustainable development;
addressing public health risk through investments in
ecosystem services can be a powerful and
transformative force for sustainable development
which, in this sense, extends to all species.
28. Economics
It has been suggested that because of rural poverty
and overexploitation, environmental resources
should be treated as important economic assets,
called natural capital. Economic development has
traditionally required a growth in the gross
domestic product. This model of unlimited personal
and GDP growth may be over. Sustainable
development may involve improvements in the
quality of life for many but may necessitate a
decrease in resource consumption. According to
ecological economist Malte Faber, ecological
economics is defined by its focus on nature, justice,
and time. Issues of intergenerational equity,
irreversibility of environmental change, uncertainty
of long-term outcomes, and sustainable
development guide ecological economic analysis
and valuation.
29. Politics
A study concluded that social indicators and, therefore,
sustainable development indicators, are scientific
constructs whose principal objective is to inform public
policy-making. The International Institute for
Sustainable Development has similarly developed a
political policy framework, linked to a sustainability
index for establishing measurable entities and metrics
The framework consists of six core areas:
1. International trade and investment
2. Economic policy
3. Climate change and energy
4. Measurement and assessment
5. Natural resource management
6. Communication technologies
30. Culture
Working with a different emphasis, some researchers
and institutions have pointed out that a fourth
dimension should be added to the dimensions of
sustainable development, since the triple-bottom-line
dimensions of economic, environmental and social do
not seem to be enough to reflect the complexity of
contemporary society. In this context, the Agenda 21 for
culture and the United Cities and Local Governments
(UCLG) Executive Bureau lead the preparation of the
policy statement "Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable
Development", passed on 17 November 2010, in the
framework of the World Summit of Local and Regional
Leaders – 3rd World Congress of UCLG, held in Mexico
City.
33. What are the Sustainable Development Goals ?
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are a collection of 17
interlinked goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and
more sustainable future for all". The SDGs were set in 2015 by the
United Nations General Assembly and are intended to be achieved by the year
2030.
34. What is UNDP's role ?
As the lead UN development agency, UNDP is well-placed to help implement the
Goals through their work in some 170 countries and territories.
They support countries in achieving the SDGs through integrated solutions.
Today’s complex challenges—from stemming the spread of disease to
preventing conflict—cannot be tackled neatly in isolation. For UNDP, this means
focusing on systems, root causes and connections between challenges—not just
thematic sectors—to build solutions that respond to people’s daily realities
“Achieving the SDGs requires the partnership of governments,
private sector, civil society and citizens alike to make sure we
leave a better planet for future generations.”
36. History
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations
Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for
people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by
all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership. They
recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand
with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur
economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve
our oceans and forests.
37. The 17
Goals
The 17 SDGs are:
1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation,
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10. Reducing Inequality
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
13. Climate Action
14. Life Below Water
15. Life On Land
16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17. Partnerships for the Goals
39. 1. NO POVERTY
What’s the goal here?
To end poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030.
Why?
In 2015, more than 700 million people, or 10 percent of the world population, lived in
extreme poverty, struggling to fulfil the most basic needs like health, education, and access
to water and sanitation, to name a few.
However, the COVID-19 pandemic is reversing the trend of poverty reduction with tens of
millions of people in risk of being pushed back into extreme poverty - people living on less
than $1.90/day - causing the first increase in global poverty in more than 20 years.
Even before COVID-19, baseline projections suggested that 6 per cent of the global
population would still be living in extreme poverty in 2030, missing the target of ending
poverty.
Why is there so much poverty in the world?
Poverty has many dimensions, but its causes include unemployment, social exclusion, and
high vulnerability of certain populations to disasters, diseases and other phenomena which
prevent them from being productive.
40. 2. ZERO HUNGER
What’s the goal here?
To end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable
agriculture.
Why?
Extreme hunger and malnutrition remains a barrier to sustainable development and creates
a trap from which people cannot easily escape. Hunger and malnutrition mean less
productive individuals, who are more prone to disease and thus often unable to earn more
and improve their livelihoods.
2 billion people in the world do not have regular access to safe, nutritious and sufficient
food.
How many people go hungry?
More than 690 million people were undernourished in 2019, mainly in Asia and Africa.
People experiencing moderate food insecurity are typically unable to eat a healthy,
balanced diet on a regular basis because of income or other resource constraints. If these
trends continue, an estimated 840 million people will go hungry by 2030.
Why are there so many hungry people?
Along with conflict, climate shocks and the locust crisis, the pandemic poses an additional
threat to food systems. Civil insecurity and declining food production have all contributed to
food scarcity and high food prices.
41. 3. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
What’s the goal here?
To ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Why?
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being is important to building prosperous
societies.
However, the COVID-19 pandemic has devastated health systems globally and threatens
already achieved health outcomes
What progress have we made so far?
Progress in many health areas, such as in reducing maternal and child mortality, in
increasing coverage of immunization, and in reducing some infectious diseases, continues,
but the rate of improvement has slowed down, especially during COVID-19 which is
overwhelming the health systems globally and threatens health outcomes already achieved.
How can we achieve these targets?
Ensuring healthy lives for all requires a strong commitment, but the benefits outweigh the
cost. Healthy people are the foundation for healthy economies.
42. 4. QUALITY EDUCATION
What is the goal here?
Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning.
Why does education matter?
Education enables upward socioeconomic mobility and is a key to escaping poverty.
Education helps reduce inequalities and reach gender equality and is crucial to fostering
tolerance and more peaceful societies.
How much progress have we made so far?
The primary school completion rate reached 84 per cent in 2018, up from 70 per cent in
2000 and under current trends, is expected to reach 89 per cent globally by 2030.
What challenges remain?
Despite years of steady growth in enrolment rates, non-proficiency rates remain
disturbingly high. In 2018, some 773 million adults—two-thirds of whom are
women—remained illiterate in terms of reading and writing skills. And the sheer magnitude
of school closures due to COVID-19 is likely to set back progress on access to education.
Where are people struggling the most to have access to education?
Sub-Saharan Africa faces the biggest challenges in providing schools with basic resources.
43. 5. GENDER EQUALITY
What’s the goal here?
To achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Why?
Women and girls represent half of the world’s population and therefore also half of its
potential. But, today gender inequality persists everywhere and stagnates social progress.
Women continue to be underrepresented at all levels of political leadership.
How does gender inequality affect women?
Disadvantages in education translate into lack of access to skills and limited opportunities
in the labour market.
Women’s and girls’ empowerment is essential to expand economic growth and promote
social development.
Are there any other gender-related challenges?
Yes. Worldwide, 35 per cent of women between 15-49 years of age have experienced
physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence. The
COVID-19 lockdown further caused domestic violence to increase in many countries,
showing the critical importance of social protection for women and girls.
44. 6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
What’s the goal here?
To ensure access to safe water sources and sanitation for all.
Why?
Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is a human right.The demand for water has
outpaced population growth, and half the world’s population is already experiencing severe
water scarcity at least one month a year.
What are the challenges to lack of access to safe water and sanitation?
In 2017, an estimated 3 billion people worldwide lacked the ability to safely wash their
hands at home – one of the cheapest, easiest and most effective ways to prevent the
spread of diseases like the coronavirus.
Are water and climate changed linked?
Water availability is becoming less predictable in many places. In some regions, droughts
are exacerbating water scarcity and thereby negatively impacting people’s health and
productivity and threatening sustainable development and biodiversity worldwide.
45. 7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
What’s the goal here?
To ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
Why?
A well-established energy system supports all sectors: from businesses, medicine and
education to agriculture, infrastructure, communications and high-technology.
How many people are living without electricity?
Nearly 9 out of 10 people now have access to electricity, but reaching the unserved 789
million around the world – 548 million people in sub-
Saharan Africa alone – that lack access will require increased efforts.
What are the consequences to lack of access to energy?
Lack of access to energy may hamper efforts to contain COVID-19 across many parts of the
world. Energy services are key to preventing disease and fighting pandemics – from
powering healthcare facilities and supplying clean water for essential hygiene, to enabling
communications and IT services that connect people while maintaining social distancing.
46. 8. DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC
GROWTH
What’s the goal here?
To promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for
all.
Why?
Sustained and inclusive economic growth can drive progress, create decent jobs for all and
improve living standards.Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, one in five countries –
home to billions of people living in poverty – were likely to see per capita incomes decline in
2020.
What does “decent work” mean?
Decent work means opportunities for everyone to get work that is productive and delivers a
fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for
personal development and social integration.
How many people are unemployed?
The pandemic is expected to have a devastating impact on global unemployment.
According to estimates from the International Labour Organization, global working hours
could drop by 14 per cent in the second quarter of 2020. This is equivalent to approximately
400 million full-time workers doing a 48-hour work week.
47. 9. INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
What’s the goal here?
To build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and
foster innovation.
Why?
Economic growth, social development and climate action are heavily dependent on
investments in infrastructure, sustainable industrial development and technological
progress.
So what’s the problem?
Even before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,global manufacturing – considered an
engine of overall economic growth – has been steadily declining due to tariffs and trade
tensions.
How much progress have we made?
Investment in research and development globally – as well as financing for economic
infrastructure in developing countries – has increased, and impressive progress has been
made in mobile connectivity with almost the entire world population (97 per cent) living
within reach of a mobile cellular signal.
48. 10. REDUCED INEQUALITIES
What’s the goal here?
To reduce inequalities within and among countries.
Why?
Inequalities based on income, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, race, class, ethnicity,
religion and opportunity continue to persist across the world. Inequality threatens long-term
social and economic development, harms poverty reduction and destroys people’s sense of
fulfilment and self-worth.
What are some examples of inequality?
Women and children with lack of access to healthcare die each day from preventable
diseases such as measles and tuberculosis or in childbirth.
Can we achieve equality for everyone?
It can – and should be – achieved to ensure a life of dignity for all. Political, economic and
social policies need to be universal and pay particular attention to the needs of
disadvantaged and marginalized communities.
49. 11. SUSTAINABLE CITIES
What’s the goal here?
To make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
Why?
Over 90 per cent of COVID-19 cases are occurring in urban areas, with the 1 billion
residents of the world’s densely populated slums being hit the hardest. Even before the
coronavirus, rapid urbanization meant that 4 billion people – over half of the global
population – in the world’s cities faced worsening air pollution, inadequate infrastructure
and services, and unplanned urban sprawl.
What are some of the most pressing challenges that cities face today?
Inequality and the levels of urban energy consumption and pollution are some of the
challenges. Cities occupy just 3 percent of the Earth’s land, but account for 60-80 percent of
energy consumption and 75 percent of carbon emissions.
What happens if cities are just left to grow organically?
The cost of poorly planned urbanization can be seen in some of the huge slums, tangled
traffic, greenhouse gas emissions and sprawling suburbs all over the world.
50. 12. RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION
& PRODUCTION
What is the goal here?
To ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Why?
Economic and social progress over the last century has been accompanied by
environmental degradation that is endangering the very systems on which our future
development and very survival depend.
COVID-19 offers an opportunity to develop recovery plans that will reverse current trends
and shift our consumption and production patterns to a more sustainable course. A
successful transition will mean improvements in resource efficiency, consideration of the
entire life cycle of economic activities, and active engagement in multilateral environmental
agreements.
What needs to change?
There are many aspects of consumption that with simple changes can have a big impact on
society as a whole. For example, the global material footprint – an indicator of the pressure
put on the environment to support economic growth and to satisfy the material needs of
people – grew by 17.4 per cent to 85.9 billion metric tons in 2017 as compared to 2010.
51. 13. CLIMATE ACTION
What’s the goal here?
Taking urgent action to tackle climate change and its impacts.
Why?
The climate crisis continues unabated as the global community shies away from the full
commitment required for its reversal. 2010-2019 was warmest decade ever recorded,
bringing with it massive wildfires, hurricanes, droughts, floods and other climate disasters
across continents.
How are people being affected by climate change?
Climate change is affecting every country in the world. It is disrupting national economies
and affecting lives and livelihoods, especially for the most vulnerable.
What happens if we don’t take action?
If left unchecked, climate change will cause average global temperatures to increase
beyond 3°C, and will adversely affect every ecosystem. Already, we are seeing how climate
change can exacerbate storms and disasters, and threats such as food and water scarcity,
which can lead to conflict. Doing nothing will end up costing us a lot more than if we take
action now.
52. 14. LIFE BELOW WATER
What’s the goal here?
To conserve and sustainably use the world’s ocean, seas and marine resources.
Why?
Oceans are our planet’s life support and regulate the global climate system. They are the
world’s largest ecosystem, home to nearly a million known species and containing vast
untapped potential for scientific discovery.
So what’s the problem?
The ocean absorbs around 23 percent of annual CO2 emissions generated by human
activity and helps mitigate the impacts of climate change. The ocean has also absorbed
more than 90% of the excess heat in the climate system. Ocean heat is at record levels,
causing widespread marine heatwaves, threatening its rich ecosystems and killing coral
reefs around the world.
How is the ocean connected to our health?
The health of the ocean is intimately tied to our health. According to UNESCO, the ocean
can be an ally against COVID-19 – bacteria found in the depths of the ocean are used to
carry out rapid testing to detect the presence of COVID-19. And the diversity of species
found in the ocean offers great promise for pharmaceuticals.
53. 15. LIFE ON LAND
What’s the goal here?
To sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation,
and halt biodiversity loss.
Why?
Forests cover nearly 31 per cent of our planet’s land area. From the air we breathe, to the
water we drink, to the food we eat–forests sustain us. Forests are home to more than 80
percent of all terrestrial species of animals, plants and insects.
What does loss of forests mean?
Lost forests mean the disappearance of livelihoods in rural communities, increased carbon
emissions, diminished biodiversity and the degradation of land. While forest loss remains
high, 2020 data show that the proportion of forests in protected areas and under long-term
management plans increased or remained stable at the global level and in most regions of
the world.
How does it affect our health?
Increased demand for animal protein, a rise in intense and unsustainable farming, the
increased use and exploitation of wildlife, and the climate crisis are all driving the increased
emergence of zoonotic diseases – diseases transmitted from wildlife to people - like
COVID-19.
54. 16. PEACE, JUSTICE, AND
STRONG INSTITUTIONS
What’s the goal here?
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable
and inclusive institutions at all levels.
Why?
People everywhere need to be free of fear from all forms of violence and feel safe as they go
about their lives whatever their ethnicity, faith or sexual orientation.
What needs to be done to address this?
Governments, civil society and communities must work together to implement lasting
solutions to reduce violence, deliver justice, combat corruption and ensure inclusive
participation at all times.
How does this goal apply to me, wherever I live?
Crimes that threaten the foundation of peaceful societies, including
homicides, human trafficking and other organized crimes, as well as discriminatory laws or
practices, affect all countries. Even the world’s greatest democracies face major challenges
in addressing corruption, crime and human rights violations for everyone at home.
55. 17. PARTNERSHIPS
What’s the goal here?
To revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
Why?
In light of the consequences of the global COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen that
strengthening multilateralism and global partnerships are more important than ever if we
are to solve the world’s problems. The Sustainable Development Goals remain the
framework for building back better. We need everyone to come together—governments,
civil society, scientists, academia and the private sector.
How much progress have we made?
Support for implementing the SDGs has been steady but fragile, with major and persistent
challenges.
As partners, what would we need to do to achieve the Agenda?
We will need to mobilize both existing and additional resources—technology development,
financial resources, capacity building— and developed countries will need to fulfill their
official development assistance commitments.
57. Rankings
OVERALL
SCORE
OVERALL RANK
SPILLOVER
SCORE
Sweden 84.72 1 67.5
United Kingdom 79.8 13 52.1
United States 76.4 31 59.2
China 73.9 48 94.2
India 61.9 117 98.8
Countries are ranked by their overall score. The overall score measures a country's total progress
towards achieving all 17 SDGs. The score can be interpreted as a the percentage of SDG
achievement. A score of 100 indicates that all SDGs have been achieved.
