2. DEFINITIONS
• Regulation : Regulation refers to the processes used to designate that
an individual, programme, institution or product have met established
standards set by an agent (governmental or non-governmental) recognised as
qualified to carry out this task.
- Styles & Affara, 1997
3. Accreditation
Accreditation is the process whereby an organization or agency
recognizes a college or university of programme of study as having
met certain predetermined qualifications or standards”
- Selden, 1996
4. Licensure
Licensure is defined as the “process by which an agency of state government
grant permission to an individual to engage in a given profession upon finding
that the applicant has attained the essential degree of competency necessary to
perform a unique scope of practice” -
NCSBN, 2004
5. REGULATION - Goals
• Define the profession and its members
• Determine the scope of practice
• Set standards of education
• Set standards of ethical and competent practice
• Establish systems of accountability
• Establish credentialing processes
6. REGULATORY BODY
“Regulatory body is the formal organization designated by
a statute or an authorized governmental agency to
implement the regulatory forms and process whereby
order, consistency and control are brought to the
profession and its practice.” - ICN,1997
7. Importance of Regulatory Bodies
• To provide quality health care service to the public.
• To support and assist professional members.
• Set and enforce standards of nursing practice.
• Monitor and enforce standards for nursing education.
• Set the requirements for registration of nursing professionals.
• To exercise legal control over institution within their respective area.
8. Aims of regulatory bodies of nursing
• To establish, monitor and enforce essential standards; improve and
sustain education, training and practice and provide a framework
for nursing practice relevant to public.
• To provide public authority, credibility, protection and support to
nurses to perform to the maximum extent of their capabilities
• To promote regulation of profession of nursing by herself in order to
ensure your appropriate standard of education and practice
9. • To permit and encourage nurses to participate in and influence
public debate on health policy.
• To ensure that each of its practitioners in in is accountable to the
public for nursing practice.
• To provide comparable labour regulations to guarantee and
safeguard the working of, and systems of remuneration for
practitioners
10. OBJECTIVES
• To protect public by ensuring qualified and competent practitioners of nursing
• To define scope and standards of education, training and practice.
• To reflect and be responsive to the country’s health care needs.
• To develop code of ethics, professional conduct and job classification and its validation
measures
• To maintain and update knowledge, skill and attitudes of professionals.
• To provide equitable fair and responsible regulations
• To prepare strict regulation and place an effective monitoring mechanism in regard to anti
ragging measures.
13. INTERNATIONALCOUNCILOFNURSES(ICN)
Founded in 1899 by Bedford Fenwick
It is a federation of nonpolitical and self-governing national nurses association.
Head quarters : Geneva, Switzerland.
Worlds first and widest reach international organization for health professionals.
ICN meets every 4 years.
It is operated by nurses, for Nurses.
Purpose : To provide a mean through which the national associations can share
their interest in the promotion of health and care of the sick.
14. Mission:
To represent nursing worldwide, advancing the profession and influencing
health policy.
Functions
i. To promote the development of strong national nurses association
ii. To assist national nurses association to improve the standards of nursing
and competencies of nurses.
iii. To assist national nurses associations to improve the status of nurses
within their countries
iv. To serve as the authoritative voice for nurse and nursing internationally.
15. Activities
PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE : Advance nursing practice , Primary health
care , Family health, women’s health, Safe water
NURSING REGULATIONS : Code of ethics, standards & competencies, Continuing
education.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE FOR NURSES : Occupational health & safety, Career
development.
16. Indiannursingcouncil,1949
The council is responsible for regulations and maintenance of uniform standards
of training for nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives and health visitors.
Aims
To establish uniform standard of training throughout the state
Prohibit training centre, which are inadequate
Prohibit practice of nursing by non –qualified nurses.
17. Functions
To establish and monitor a uniform standard of nursing education.
To recognize the qualifications for the purpose of registration and employment everywhere.
To give approval for registration of Indian and foreign nurses possessing foreign qualification.
To prescribe the syllabus and regulations for nursing programme.
Power to withdraw the recognition in case the institution fails to maintain its standard.
To advise the state nursing councils, examining board, state and central government in various important
items in nursing education.
18. TrainednursesAssociationofIndia,1905
The national professional association.
Objectives
i. Uphold the dignity and honour of nursing profession
ii. Promote a sense of espirit-de-corps among all the nurses.
iii. Enabling members to take counsel together on matters relating to
their profession.
19. Aims
oTo standardize, upgrade, develop nursing education and to elevate
nursing education.
oTo improve the living and working conditions of the nurses and develop
the educational conditions available for nursing.
oTo provide registration for qualified nurses and to provide reciprocity of
registration within different states in the country and within different
countries.
20. Benefits of TNAI Membership
Holding national level conferences
Low cost publications for members and students
Continuing education programmes for updating knowledge
Socio-economic welfare programmes
Research studies are conducted regularly for benefit of members
Scholarship for TNAI members and student nurses.
Annual grant to state branches to hold activities.
One fourth railway concession for TNAI members.
Nurses day celebration at Rashtrapati Bhavan every year.
21. StateNursingCouncil
Registration councils are functioning in all the states of India
Providing the registration to the nurses
Maintains a register of names of professional nurses
All degree holding nurses also have to get the registration in state
council.
Nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives and health visitors are
registered.
22. Functions
Recognize Officially and inspect schools of nursing in their states.
Conduct examinations.
Prescribe rules of conduct, take disciplinary actions, etc.
Maintain registers of graduate nurses, nurses holding degrees in nursing,
midwives revised auxiliary nurse midwives or multi-purpose workers and
health visitors.
23. KeralaNurses andMidwives Council(KNMC)
It is an autonomous statutory body constituted by the Government
of Kerala under the provisions of Nurses and Midwives Act 1953.
Prof. Valsa. K. Panicker is the present Registrar.
24. FUNCTIONS
Establishment and maintenance of uniform standards of nursing education in
Kerala.
Registration of successful candidates from Kerala as Registered Nurse –
Registered Midwife (RN RM).
Reciprocal registration of candidates who have acquired educational
qualification from recognized institutions of other states.
Renewal of Registration on expiry of validity.
Verification of Registration and Diploma certificates from authorities inside and
outside India.
25. Approval of Colleges and Schools of Nursing and withdrawal of
recognition in case if the institution fails to maintain standards.
Conduct of undergraduate programmes like General Nursing and
Midwifery (GNM), Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery (ANM) and Post
Basic Diploma in Nursing Clinical Specialties.
Conduct of examinations for GNM, ANM, Post Basic Diploma in
Specialty Nursing and female Health Supervisor programmes.
Organization of Continuing Education Programme for Nursing
Professionals.
Award of credit hours for CNE Programmes
26. ACCREDITATION
A process of review and approval by which an institution,
programme or specific service is granted a time-limited
recognition of having met certain established standards
beyond those that are minimally acceptable. - ICN
27. PURPOSES
Maintenance of adequate admission requirements
Maintenance of minimum academic standards
Stimulation of institutional self improvements.
Protection of institutions of higher education against
educationally and socially harmful pressures.
28. FUNCTIONS
It aims to protect the autonomy of various health service programmes.
It preserves the quality of nursing education.
It protects the public from ill prepared nurses.
It protects the institutions unsound and unsafe political pressure.
It helps the practitioner for the broad scope of nursing practice.
29. TYPES
Regional accreditation agencies: These are concerned with appraising the
total activities of institutions of higher learning and with guarding the quality
of liberal education
National professional accreditation agencies: Professional accrediting is
supported by state licensing laws. Individuals who hold a common body of
knowledge and who have a desire to attain high vocational status tend to
form professional organisations.
State accrediting agencies: Accreditation may be a function of state
agencies, departments and state universities. These agencies may be
voluntary extra-legal (or legal).
32. 1.1 National league for Nursing
It is founded in 1893
Headquarters: Washington
A national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education.
It offers faculty development, networking opportunities, testing services,
nursing research grants, and public policy initiatives to more than 40,000
individual and 1,200 education and associate members.
33. 1.2 The American association of nurse
anesthetist, 1931
It is the professional association representing nearly 53,000 Certified Registered
Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) and student registered nurse anesthetists nationwide.
The AANA promulgates education and practice standards and guidelines, and affords
consultation to both private and governmental entities regarding nurse anesthetists and
their practice.
34. The AANA Foundation supports the profession by awarding education and
research grants to students, faculty and practicing CRNAs.
Nearly 90 percent of the nation's nurse anesthetists are members of AANA.
35. 1. 3 The American Nurses association
It is a professional organization to advance and protect the profession of nursing.
It started in 1896 as the Nurses Associated Alumnae and was renamed the American Nurses
Association in 1911.
The association is a professional organization representing registered nurses (RNs) in the United
States.
The ANA is involved in establishing standards of nursing practice, promoting the rights of nurses
in the workplace, advancing the economic and general welfare of nurses.
36. 1. 4 Common wealth nurses federation
The TNAI is also affiliated with the common wealth
nurses federation
It is a Nurses Association begun by the common wealth
foundations.
It is made up of Nurses associations from common wealth
countries.
Headquarters : London.
37. Aims
To promoter sharing, better communications and close relationship between its
member association.
It also provides expert professional advice scholarships for advanced study, financial
assistance for professional meetings and seminars and an office through which funds
can be received and disbursed for the benefit of Nursing in the countries which are
represented.
38. National accrediting agency
National accrediting agencies are concerned with appraising the total activites of
institutions of higher learning, and with safe guarding the quality of liberal education
which is the foundation of professional programmes in college and universities.
National professional accrediting agencies in India and National education council in
India
39. 2.1 National Professional Accrediting agencies
Professional accreditation is supported by state licensing laws.
Individuals who hold a common body of knowledge and who desire to attain
high vocational status tend to form professional organization.
These professional groups aim to foster research to improve service to the
public and increase the number of individuals admitted to the profession.
Professional groups tend to restrict admission through the state licensing
laws and through the accreditation of colleges and universities, which offer
relevant programmes.
40. 2.1.1 Medical council of India
Established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council
Act, 1933, with the main function of establishing uniform
standards of higher qualifications in medicine and
recognition of medical qualifications in India and abroad.
41. 2.1.2 Dental council of India
The Dental Council of India was incorporated under The Dentists Act, 1948 to
regulate dental education and the profession throughout India.
It is financed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and through the
local state dental councils
42. 2.1.3 Pharmacy council of India
It is the statutory body of government of India also called as central council
constituted under the Pharmacy Act, 1948.
The main objectives are regulation of the Pharmacy Education in the
Country for the purpose of registration as a pharmacist under the Pharmacy
Act and regulation of Profession and Practice of Pharmacy.
43. 2.1.4 The Christian Medical Association of India,
1905
It began as a fellowship of Christian Missionary doctors
to provide spiritual and professional sharing and support.
Its present name was assumed in 1926.
Headquarters for the CMAI are in New Delhi with a
South office in Bangalore.
44. Functions
To provide spiritual support and a better understanding of the healing ministry with a focus
upon the Bible. It does this through retreats and conferences.
To provide professional training through formal and informal education, publication of text
books and other materials and scholarships
To encourage community health work through training, advisory services and technical
support.
To assist and support churches and health institution with study and training
To work with other agencies in an exchange of information and development and programmes
it is the official agency of the National Council of Churches in India.
To disperse health related information which will help with health education and lead towards a
more healthy and just society.
46. 2.2 National Education Councils in India
2.2.1 All India Council for elementary education, 1984
The aim and objective to promote elementary education with special
reference to the role being played by non-governmental
organizations.
47. 2.2.2 All India Council for Secondary
education
All India Council of Secondary Education, Delhi has been constituted to
regulate the Middle (8th), Matriculation (10th), Intermediate (12th) and other
vocational courses (Under Self Employment Education Scheme) in India.
With the help of educational experts to educate the poor & disadvantaged girls,
women and boys of urban, slums & rural areas for upliftment the literacy level
in India.
48. 2.2.3 Central Advisory Board
of education, 1920
It is the oldest and highest advisory board in India to advise the central and state
Governments in the field of education.
Functions :
to review the progress of education in the country from time to time,
to appraise the extent and manner in which the education policy has been
implemented by the Central and State Governments
to advise the central and state Governments regarding the coordination between
government and non- government agencies for educational development in
accordance with educational policy
49. 2.2.4 University Grants
Commission, 1956
It is a statutory body set up by the Indian Union government in
accordance to the UGC Act 1956 under Ministry of Human Resource
Development
The objectives are coordination, determination and maintenance of
standards of university education.
It provides recognition to universities in India, and disburses funds to such
recognized universities and college.
50. 2.2.5 All India Council for Technical
education
It is the statutory body and a national-level council for technical education,
under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource
Development.
The AICTE is vested with statutory authority for planning, formulation and
maintenance of norms and standards, quality assurance through school
accreditation, funding in priority areas, monitoring and evaluation,
maintaining parity of certification and awards and ensuring coordinated
and integrated development and management of technical education in the
country.
51. 2.2.6 National Assessment and Accreditation
Council
It is an organisation that assesses and accredits higher
education Institutions in India.
It is an autonomous body funded by University Grants
Commission of Government of India
Headquarters : Bangalore.
The mandate of NAAC as reflected in its vision statement
is in making quality assurance an integral part of the
functioning of Higher Education Institutions.
52. Accreditation of Nursing institutions
• Indian Nursing council is the official accrediting agency for all
programmes of nursing
• Diploma(GNM), BSc Nursing (both basic and post basic,
Baccalaureate), MSc(N) /M.Phil.(Masters) and PhD (Doctoral
programmes).
53. Accreditation by Inspection
• First Inspection: The first inspection is conducted on the receipt of
proposal.
• Periodic inspection: 3 years.
INC monitors the standard of nursing education and its adherence to the
norms prescribed by it.
Institutions required to pay annual affiliation fees every year.
However, if the institution doesnot comply with the norms prescribed by the
INC for teaching, clinical and physical facilities, the institution will be declared
unsuitable.
54. Reinspection:
• It is conducted for unsuitable institution.
• The institution and government are informed about deficiencies and
advised to improve upon them.
• Once the institution takes necessary steps to rectify the deficiencies, it
should submit the compliance report with documentary proof of the
rectified deficiencies and reinspection fees.
• On receipt of the compliance report and fees from the institution it will
be considered for reinspection.
Enhancement inspection: INC conduct inspection on receipt of fees and
proposal for enhancement of seats among institution which found suitable
by INC.
55. LICENSURE/REGISTRATION
A document issued by a body charged with the exclusive right to
determine eligibility for practice in a specified profession, or field
in the profession. It is generally used within a regulatory system
that prohibits practice without a license. -ICN
56. PURPOSE
Licensure offers protection to the public
It ensure minimum competency among professional.
It ensures minimum standard among the professionals.
It help to prevent malpractice.
It helps to regulate the professional conduct.
57. In India all nurses are required to be licensed to work in any part
of the country, for that they have to be registered in any of the
state nursing council.
All over India each state running their own nursing council.
Registration councils are functioning in all states of India and
they are affiliated to INC.
58. NURSING LICENSURE
The process, sanctioned by the law, of granting exclusive power
or privilege to persons meeting established standards, which
allows them to engage in a given occupation or profession, and
to use a specific title. - ICN
The primary purpose of licensure was, and still is, the
protection of the public.
59. CURRENT NURSING LICENSURE ACTS
In 1997, the Delegate Assembly of the National council of state Boards of Nursing
moved to a new level of nursing regulation.
The assembly approved a resolution endorsing a mutual recognition model of nursing
regulation.
Through this model individual state boards will develop an interstate compact
allowing nurses licensed in one state to practice in all other states and territories.
Nurses will be responsible for following the laws and regulations of those states,
although they will not be required to apply for individual state licensure.
Nurses are required to apply for licensure in each state in which they practice.
Nurses will be responsible for following the laws and regulations of those states
60. COMPONENTS OF NURSING PRACTICE ACTS
Two essential components
1. To protecting the health and safety of the public
2. Protection of the title of RN
Nursing practice act describes the requirements for licensure.
Registered nurse, is reserved for those meeting the requirements to
practice nursing in the state.
61. PROCESS OF REGISTRATION
It is the process by which individuals are assessed and given status on a
registry attesting to individual’s ability and current competency.
Its purpose is to keep a continuous record of the past and current
achievements of an individual.
62. KNMC REGISTRATION
Kerala Nursing Council recently introduced an online application system
for nursing registration and renewal.
The Registration process can be completed online for GNM, B.Sc
Nursing, Post B.Sc Nursing, M. Sc Nursing, and for any additional
qualification have successfully completed.
For Kerala Nursing registration and Renewal, use www.knmc.org
renewal registration www.knmc.org online registration
The Primary registration is meant for those who studied in Kerala and
Reciprocal is for those who studied out side Kerala.
63. Complete the application form displayed with the needed data.
After completing the application form, cross check to ensure that
the information supplied are correct then submit the application.
On submission will receive an application number in the e-mail
address provided.
Payments can be made online using credit/debit cards, internet
banking and Challan.
64. RENEWAL OF LICENSURE
The process for periodic reissuing of the legal authority to practice.
Renewal system in a proper way it will help to improve the professional
competencies in nursing.
In KNMC instructed that all the nurses renew their registration every 5
years for that they need a specific (150) credit hours.
65. PATIENTS RIGHTS
• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has
recently released a ‘Charter of Patients Rights’ that
compiles the lawful rights as stated in the Constitution of
India.
• 17 rights
66. 1. Right to information
2. Right to records and reports
3. Right to emergency medical care
4. Right to informed consent
5. Right to confidentiality, human dignity and privacy
6. Right to non-discrimination
7. Right to safety and quality care according to
standards
67. 8. Right to choose alternative treatment options if
available
9. Right to a second opinion
10.Right to transparency in rates, and care according to
prescribed rates wherever relevant
11.Right to choose the source for obtaining medicines
or tests
12.Right to proper referral and transfer, which is free
from perverse commercial influences
68. 13. Right to protection for patients involved in clinical
trials
14. Right to protection of participants involved in
biomedical and health research
15. Right to be discharged, Right to receive the body of
a deceased person from the hospital
16. Right to Patient Education
17. Right to be heard and seek redressal
69. JOURNAL ABSTRACT
The accreditation of nursing education in Australia
The National Registration and Accreditation Scheme has given rise to
significant challenges related to the accreditation of nursing programs of
education in Australia.
Given the importance of accreditation to the quality of nursing education,
ANMAC in its appointed role as accrediting authority, must fill the position
rather than occupy it.
70. Enhancing transparency and effectiveness is central to ensuring
accreditation facilitates quality in nursing education.
Given ANMAC's key position, further work is needed in developing a broad
base of expertise by fostering scholarly output in the substantive area of
nursing accreditation.
There is a concerning lack of research centred on the accreditation of
programs of nursing education along with the processes associated with it.
71. Impact of accreditation standards on the quality of continuing
nursing education activities as perceived by the learner
Continuing nursing education (CNE) activities are increasingly becoming
a requirement for RNs to maintain licensure or certification and to remain
competent in practice in the fast-changing health care environment.
Regardless of the health care profession, continuing education should be a
quality educational experience to positively influence practice and patient
outcomes. A 15-item matrix based on the 2013 American Nurses
Credentialing Center Primary Accreditation criteria was used to evaluate
CNE activities.
72. The matrix reflected the characteristics that a learner should be able to
identify when participating in a Web-based CNE activity. A measurable
learner-perceived difference was observed in the quality of the
educational experience between educational activities developed by
organizations using accreditation criteria, compared with those that did
not. Learners can use accreditation criteria as one method to discriminate
high-quality educational activities that are designed to positively
influence practice and patient outcomes.
