Research steps and reserch process

1. RESEARCH
PROCESS
Dr. Rajni Sharma
Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Mahamana Pandit Madan
Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi
Government Of India (Department of Atomic Energy)

2. Research can be defined as the search
for knowledge, or as any systematic
investigation, with an open mind, to
establish novel facts, solve new or existing
problems, prove new ideas, or develop
new theories.

3. RESEARCH PROCESS
•A Research process consists of series of
actions or steps necessary to effectively carry
out research and the desired sequencing of
these steps.

4. Methods Of Research
1.The identify Method
This method involves techniques for
• investigating phenomena
• acquiring knowledge
• correcting and integrating previous knowledge

5. 2. Historical Method
• It involves techniques and guidelines by which
historians use primary sources and other evidence to
research and then to write history
• This approach may also be used with artistic project
development

6. RESEARCH SOURCES
1.PRIMARY SOURCES
2.SECONDRY SOURCES

7. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH
PROCESS
• Step One: Define research problem
• Step Two: Review of literature
• Step Three: Formulate hypotheses
• Step Four: Preparing the research design
• Step Five: Data collection
• Step Six: Data analysis
• Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

8. Define
research
problem
Review the
literature
Formulate
hypotheses
Design
research
Collect data
Analyse data
Interpret and
report
ff
f
f
ff
Where f = feed back(helps in controlling the sub system
ff= feed forward(serves the vital function of providing criteria for evaluation

9. Step One: Define Research
Problem
research
There are two types of research problem, viz., those
• relate to states of nature
• relationship between variables.
Essentially two steps are involved in define
problem, viz.,
• understanding the problem thoroughly and
• rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point
of view.

10. Step Two: ROL
•Manuals
•Company Records
•journals ,published data can be used.

11. -Literature review is integral
part of entire research process
and makes valuable, Its
functions are:
a. Bring clarity and focus to your
research problem;
b. Improve your methodology;
c. Broaden your knowledge;
d. Contextualise your findings.

12. Step Three: Formulate
Hypothesis
• Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to
draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences.
Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of
research in hand because it has to be tested.
The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting
the area of research and to keep him on the right track.

13. Step Four: Preparing the
Research Design
• The function of research design is to provide for the collection
of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time
and money.
• Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, viz., (1)
Exploration, (2) Description,(3) Diagnosis, and (4)
Experimentation.

14. Step Five: Data
Collection
• Primary data can be collected through:
By Observation
 Through personal
interview Through
telephone interview By
mailing of questionnaries
 Through Schedules

15. Step Six: Data
Analysis
The analysis of data requires a number of closely related
operations such as establishment of categories.
This stage mainly include :
1. Coding
2. Editing
3. Tabulation

16. Step Seven: Interpretation and
Report Writing
Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by
him.
Writing of report includes:
1. the preliminary pages;
2. the main text, and
3. the end matter.

17. Conclusion
• Good quality research requires a researcher to follow
scientific approach. Researcher must follow scientific
method in conducting literature review, identifying
research gaps, writing problem statement & outlining
research questions and research objectives.
Researcher must carefully select among different
research designs, the selection of which depends on
specific research questions and the overall objectives
of the study.