contribution of five yr plan in health sector.

1. HEALTH IN FIVE
YEAR PLAN
PRESENTED BY :- RAJNISH KUMAR
(RESEARCH SCHOLOR, SOCIAL WORK,
(MGKVP, VARANASI)

2. INTRODUCTION
The Directive Principles of the State Policy, enshrined in the Constitution form the social
premises of planning in India (Gupta, 2002) The basic objective of planning in India is ‗to initiate
a process of development which will raise living standards and open out to the people to provide
new opportunities to lead a good life‘. Keeping this objective, the public health policies in India
were formulated through various five year plans. The public health policies in India have come a
long way since 1950s. In 1946, the Health Survey and Development Committee, headed by Sir
Joseph Bhore recommended the establishment of a well-structured and comprehensive health
service with a sound primary health care infrastructure. This report not only provided a
historical landmark in the development of the public health system but also laid down the
blueprint of subsequent health planning and development in independent India (Government of
India, 1960).

3. FIRST PLAN (1951-1961)
• The core of the public health policy enunciated in the first five year plan was (i) provision of
water-supply and sanitation; (ii) control of malaria; (iii) preventive health care of the rural
population through health units and mobile units; (iv) health services for mothers and
children; (v) education and training, and health education; (vi) self-sufficiency in drugs
and equipment; and (vii) family planning and population control.
• During the First Five Year Plan (1951-56), 725 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) were
established. At the end of First Five Year plan, there were 12600 hospitals and dispensaries
in the country and it was realized that the country needed more health facilities and
infrastructure.

4. SECOND PLAN (1956-1961)
• The specific objectives of the health policies during this plan were (i) establishment of
institutional facilities to serve as a base from which services can be rendered to the people both
locally and in surrounding territories; (ii) development of technical manpower through
appropriate training programmes and employment of persons trained; (iii) improvement of
public health and institutional measures to control communicable diseases; (iv) family
planning and other supporting programmes for raising the standard of health of the people.
International agencies like the W.H.O. and the U.N.I.C.E.F.
• There were 78 institutions teaching indigenous system of medicine and 549 clinics in urban
areas at the end of Second Five Year Plan. In 1951, there were 8,600 hospitals and dispensaries
and about 1,13,000 beds in the country which increased to 12,600 hospitals and dispensaries
and beds to 1,85,600 in 1960 .

5. THIRD PLAN (1961-1966)
• The Third Plan aimed at controlling and eradication of communicable diseases, providing
curative and preventive health services in rural areas and to augment the training programmes
of medical and paramedical personnel. Emphasis was also given to family planning.
• Nation-wide control campaigns were initiated against small pox and tuberculosis (Government
of India, 1960).
• The expenditure towards health sector during the third plan was Rs. 251 crores which is 2.9
per cent of the total budget.
• As in the second plan, priority was given to water supply, sanitation, and control of
communicable diseases (226 crores / 2.63%). A sum of Rs. 25 crore (0.29%) was invested towards
family planning.

6. FOURTH PLAN (1969-1974)
• The Fourth Plan ((1969-74) specially emphasized on better results of family planning
programmes. For this purpose, a committee on Multi-purpose workers under health and family
planning programme was appointed in 1972. The Committee suggested that new trained multi-
purpose health workers should be appointed to have more fruitful results (Government of India,
1972).
• The Nutrition Research Laboratories were converted into the National Institute of Nutrition in
1969 and the Central Births and Deaths Registration Act was promulgated in the same year.
• The Central Council of Indian Medicine (Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha) was formed in 1971. The
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Bill was also passed by the Parliament in the same year. The
Central Council of Homeopathy was set up in 1973.
• A sum of Rs. 613.5 crore was invested in the health sector during this plan period.

7. FIFTH PLAN (1974-1979)
• The Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79) was based on two main issues. One of them was to realize the
failure of coercive method for family planning as family planning and nutrition were made a
component of ‘Minimum Needs Programme’ to attack poverty. But these programmes were
neglected due to declaration of emergency.
• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and The Cigarettes Regulation (Production,
Supply and Distribution) Act were enacted in 1974 and 1975 respectively. The Integrated Child
Development scheme was launched in 1975.
• The Central Council for Yoga and Naturopathy was established in 1976. The National Institute
of Health and Family Planning was formed and the Rural Health Scheme was launched in 1977.
• The Parliament approved the Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Bill fixing the minimum
age of marriage of 21 years for boys and 18 years for girls in 1978. (Goodhealthnyou.com, 2000).

8. SIXTH PLAN (1980-1985)
• Sixth Five Year Plan is also referred to as the Janata Government Plan and it was
revolutionary since it marked a change from the Nehruvian model of Five Year Plans. The
government of India adopted the National Health Policy in 1983 which reiterated India's
commitment to attain "Health for All by 2000 A.D",
• Health Care Programmes were restructured and reoriented towards this policy. Priority was
given to extension and expansion of the rural health infrastructure through a network of
community health centres, primary health centres and subcentres, on a liberalized population
norm.
• The family welfare programme was integrated with the Health programme, especially
Maternal and Child Health (Government of India, 1981). The total investment in the health
sector during the sixth plan was Rs. 3412.2 crores

9. SEVENTH PLAN (1985-1990)
• The core objective of health policy in the seventh plan was laid on preventive and promotive
aspects and on organising effective and efficient health services which were comprehensive in
nature, easily and widely available, freely accessible, and generally affordable by the people.
• This plan takes note of ‘Health for all by 2000 A.D.’ To achieve this goal, Primary Health
Centres were taken as the main instruments of action. The voluntary organizations and local
bodies were encouraged to undertake the responsibility of family welfare and primary health
care services. The special schemes were introduced for assisting private medical care centres for
family planning work. The emphasis was laid on Maternity and Child Health programmes by
supporting non-governmental organizations, village health committees, private health services
and women organizations (Barn & Nandy, 2008).
• A worldwide "safe motherhood" campaign, National Diabetes Control, and the National AIDS
Control Programmes were initiated in 1987 and the Mental Health Act was also passed in the
same year. The total expenditure on Health Sector was Rs. 6809 (3.11%) crores.

10. EIGHTH PLAN (1992-1997)
• Health and population control were listed as two of the six priority objectives during the eighth
plan period. Emphases were laid on provision of safe drinking water and primary health care
facilities, including immunization, accessibility to all the villages and the entire population, and
complete elimination of scavenging.
• The Transplantation of Human Organs Bill was passed in the year 1994
• The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation)
Act passed was in 1995.
• The total outlay for the health sector during this plan period was Rs. 14082.2 crores.

11. NINTH PLAN (1997-2002)
• In the Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002), Reproduction and Child Health (RCH) programmes
were given special attention. During this plan, greater emphasis was provided on primary
health care, and provision of safe drinking water.
• Emphasis was also given to provide integrated preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative services for communicable, non-communicable and nutrition related health
problems . These programmes also got some external funding, mainly from World Bank.
• In 2002, Government of India introduced the National Health Policy (NHP). The main objective
of the NHP-2002 was to achieve an acceptable standard of good health among the general
population of the country and set goals to be achieved by the year 2015.
• a sum of Rs. 20402 crore was allotted for the health sector during this plan.

12. TENTH PLAN (2002-2007)
• The major focus in the tenth plan was to improve the efficiency of the existing health care
system, quality of care, logistics of supplies of drugs and diagnostics and promotion of the
rational use of drugs.
• The tenth plan also proposed three major initiatives in the health sector. They are: (i)
redesigning the Universal Health Insurance scheme introduced in 2003 to make it exclusive
for below poverty level people with a reduced premium, (ii) introduction of Group Health
Insurance scheme for members of Self Help Groups and Credit Link Groups at a premium of
Rs 120 per person for an insurance cover of Rs 10000, and (iii) exemption of income tax for
hospitals working in rural areas (W.H.O., 2006).
• The total sum of Rs. 37878 crore was allotted towards the Health Sector during this plan
period.

13. ELEVENTH PLAN (2007-2012)
• The Eleventh Five Year Plan provides an opportunity to restructure policies to achieve a New
Vision based on faster, broad-based, and inclusive growth.
• The objectives for health sector aims (i) to achieve good health for people, especially the poor
and the underprivileged by focusing on individual health care, public health, sanitation, clean
drinking water, access to food, and knowledge of hygiene, and feeding practices; (ii) to
facilitate convergence and development of public health systems and services that are
responsive to health needs and aspirations of people and (iii) to give special attention to the
health of marginalized groups like adolescent girls, women of all ages, children below the age
of three, older persons, disabled, and primitive tribal groups.
• A Sum of Rs. Rs 136147.00 crore was earmarked for the health sector.

14. TWELFTH YEAR PLAN (2012–2017)
• The Strategy of this plan was Strengthening of public sector health care Substantially
increase in health care expenditure, efficient Financial and managerial systems, Coordinated
delivery of services, Cooperation between the public and private sector, Expansion of skilled
human resource, Prescription drugs reforms, Effective regulation through a Public Health
Cadre, Pilots on Universal Health Care
• 12th Plan goals was to Reduce Maternal Mortality from 212 to 100 , Reduce IMR from 44 to
25, Reduce underweight children below 3 years from 40% to 23% , Increase child sex ratio
from 914 to 950, Reduce levels of anaemia among women from 55% to 28%, Reduce Total
Fertility Rate from 2.5 to 2.1. Reduce poor households' out-of-pocket expenditure on health
• The Planning Commission had approved a total outlay of ₹ 1.93 trillion for the NHM and ₹
2.69 trillion for the health department for the 12th Plan.

15. REFERENCES
• Goodhealthnyou.com., (2000) Public health milestones in independent India in in http://good
healthnyou.com/library/reading/vhai/mar_apr/mileston.asp.
• Government of India (1952) The First Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
• Government of India (1956) The Second Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
• Government of India (1960) Third Five-Year Plan: A draft outline, Planning Commission, New Delhi in
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/ fiveyr/welcome.html
• Government of India (1970) The Fourth Five-Year Plan, Planning commission, New Delhi.
• Government of India (1975) Draft Fifth Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
• Government of India (1981) The Sixth Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, New Delhi.
• Government of India, (1985) The Seventh Five Year Plan (Vol-2), Planning Commission, New Delhi, in
http://www.planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/welcome.html
• Government of India, (1997) Ninth Five Year Plan 1997-2002, Vol.1&2, Planning Commission, New Delhi in
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/ welcome.html
• Government of India, (2002) National Health Policy – 2002, Ministry of Health and family Welfare, New Delhi in http://mohfw.nic.in/np2002.
htm
• Government of India, (2002a) Tenth Five Years Plan 2002-2007 (Vol.2), Planning Commission New Delhi, 89 & 95
• Government of India (2002b) Annual Report 2001-2002, Ministry of health and family welfare, New Delhi in
http://mohfw.nic.in/reports/Annual%20Report%20200102%20.pdf/Part%20I-2.pdf
• Government of India, (2007) Eleventh Five Year Plan, - 2007-2012 (Vol.2), Planning Commission, New Delhi, 58,107, 163 & 170