2. 1
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CIRCULAR BUILDING
A
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering
Submitted by
RAZ MOHAMMAD
ROLL NO - 1508200067
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Mr. AMIT KUMAR CHAUHAN
(Chief Engineer, LARSEN & TOUBRO Ltd.)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Ram Ganga Vihar, Phase – II, Moradabad-244001 (U.P)
3. 2
INDEX
S no. Contents Page no.
1. Acknowledgement 3
2. Introduction 4
3. Abstract 11
4. Building Description 11
5. This report will contain two part 11
6. Standard Building Codes 12
7. Loading 13
8. Chapter Analysis 15
9. Chapter Design Data 20
10. Standard Result 28
11. Conclusion 29
4. 3
1 Acknowledgement
I am very thankful to LARSEN & TOUBRO DESIGN OF CIRCULAR BUILDINGS &
FACTORIES INDIPENDENT COMPANY L&T CONSTRUCTION for given me the
opportunity to undertake my summer training at their prestigious LALA LAJPAT RAI
UNIVERSITY OF VETNARY AND SCIENCE PROJECT. It was a very good learning
experience for me to have worked at this design of LUVAS VC & ADMIN, as this project
involved many unique construction practices and challenges. I would like to convey my
heartiest thanks to Mr. AMIT KUMAR CHAUHAN, Project Manager, Construction
Division, Building & Factories L&T Limited, who heartily welcomed me for the internship. I
would also like my heart-felt thanks to Mr. SHAHKAR ALAM,, Structure Engineer, who
assisted and guided me all through the summer training and imparted in-depth knowledge of
the project, whenever I needed help. I would like to thank all the department heads of L&T
Construction, LUVAS, for giving their precious time and valuable guidance during my
internship programme.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank all the staff at L&T Construction, LUVAS, for
being so helpful during this summer internship.
Name: RAZ MOHAMMAD
Date: 24th
July 2018
5. 4
2 INTRODUCTION
About the Organization
Larsen & Toubro Limited is the biggest legacy of two Danish Engineers, who built a World-
class organization that is professionally managed and a leader in India's Engineering and
construction industry. It was the business of cement that brought the young Henning Holck-
Larsen and S.K. Toubro into India. They arrived on Indian shores as representatives of the
Danish engineering firm F L Smidth & Co in connection with the merger of cement
companies that later grouped into the Associated Cement Companies.
Together, Holck-Larsen and Toubro, founded the partnership firm of L&T in 1938, which
was converted into a limited company on February 7, 1946. Today, this has metamorphosed
into one of India's biggest success stories. The company has grown from humble origins to a
large conglomerate spanning engineering and construction.
Larsen & Toubro Construction is India’s largest construction organization. Many of the
country's prized landmarks - its exquisite buildings, tallest structures, largest industrial
projects, longest flyover, and highest viaducts - have been built by it. Leading-edge
capabilities cover every discipline of construction: civil, mechanical, electrical and
instrumentation.
L&T Construction has the resources to execute projects of large magnitude and technological
complexity in any part of the world. The business of L&T Construction is organized in six
business sectors which will primarily be responsible for Technology Development, Business
Development, International Tendering and work as Investment Centre’s. Headquarters in
Chennai, India. In India, 7 Regional Offices and over 250 project sites. In overseas it has
offices in Gulf and other overseas locations.
L&T Construction’s cutting edge capabilities cover every discipline of construction Civil,
mechanical, electrical and instrumentation engineering and services extend to large industrial
and infrastructure projects from concept to commissioning.
L&T Construction has played a prominent role in India’s industrial and infrastructure
development by executing several projects across length and breadth of the country and
abroad. For ease of operations and better project management, in-depth technology and
6. 5
business development as well as to focus attention on domestic and international project
execution, entire operation of L&T Construction is structured into four Independent
Companies.
• Hydrocarbon IC
• Buildings & Factories IC
• Infrastructure IC
• Metallurgical & Material Handling IC
• Power Transmission & Distribution
• Heavy Engineering
• Shipbuilding
• Power
• Electrical & Automation
• Machinery & Industrial Product
2.1 BUILDING AND FACTORIES
The Buildings & Factories Independent Company is equipped with the domain knowledge,
requisite expertise and wide-ranging experience to undertake Engineering, Procurement and
Construction (EPC) of all types of building and factory structures.
• Commercial Buildings & Airports.
• Residential Buildings & Factories.
2.2 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AND FACTORIES:-
L&T undertakes turnkey construction of a wide range of residential buildings and factory
structures. Projects are executed using the cutting edge technology, sophisticated
construction equipment and project management tools for quality, safety and speed.
• Residential Building
• Factories
7. 6
2.3 FACTORIES
L&T offers design and turnkey construction of heavy and light factories, cement & plants
including Defence Projects using the latest construction technology, with a focus on Quality,
Safety and Speed. The spectrum covers
• Heavy & Light Factories (HLF) –Automobile & Ancillary Factories, Glass plants,
Food processing Factories, Pharmaceutical plants, Warehouses & Logistics Parks,
Workshop Complexes, Solar thin film manufacturing units, etc.
• Cement & Plants (C&P) – Cement Plants, Sugar Plants, Distillery Plants, Food Grain
storage structures, Pulp & Paper Mills, Textile Mills etc.
• Defence – Construction of Manufacturing Facilities and Warehouse Facilities for
Defence.
2.4 SERVICE SPECTRUM
L&T Construction’s range of services includes:
• Pre-engineering, feasibility studies and detailed project reports.
• Complete civil and structural construction services for all types of buildings,
industrial and infrastructure projects.
• Complete mechanical system engineering including fabrication and erection of
structural steel works; manufacture, supply, erection, testing and commissioning of
plant and equipment; heavy lift erection; high-pressure piping; fire-fighting; HVAC
and LP/ utility piping networks.
• Electrical system design, project electrification, automation and control system
including instrumentation for all type of industrial and telecom projects.
• Design, manufacture, supply and installation of EHV switchyards, transmission lines.
2.5 QUALITY POLICY
At L&T, Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) is given the highest priority. The EHS policy
enunciated by the Corporate Management lays emphasis on Environment, Health and Safety
through a structured approach and well defined practices. Systems and procedures have been
8. 7
established for implementing the requisites at all stages of construction and they are
accredited to the International standards of ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS
18001:2007
10. 9
2.7 WORK CULTURE
Work Culture emphasizes:
• Freedom to experiment
• Continuous learning and training
• Transparency
• Quality in all aspects of work
Rewards based on performance and potential
❖ Identifying training needs within the Organization and designing and implementing
those need based training programs to bring about continuous up-gradation of
knowledge, skills and employee attitudes
2.8 VISION
L&T shall be professionally managed Indian multinational committed to total customer
satisfaction and enhancing shareholder value. L&T shall be an innovative entrepreneurial and
empowered team constantly creating value and attaining global benchmarks. L&T shall
foster a culture of caring trust and continuous learning while meeting expectations of
employees, stakeholders and society.
11. 10
2.9 MISSION
To achieve excellence in the field of Engineering, Procurement and Construction through
world class practice and standards in quality, Safety and Project Management.
12. 11
3 ABSTRACT
Buildings are becoming higher and higher nowadays in maximizing land use and investment
return. Construction of educational developments are considered as focal point of the
construction industry in view of its huge labour contents and turnovers evolved due to its
own nature of works and investments involved from the investors. Investors tend to build
everything possible in a small piece of land to increase their return from their investment in
the quickest possible manner. Practitioners in the construction industry are looking for
different means and methods in enhancing efficiency and meeting requirements from the
statutory bodies and the Clients. The purpose of this paper is to look into the considerations
required in nowadays construction planning for construction of high-rise residential building.
13. 11
4 Building Description
This report is made for the proposed for Circular building LUVAS, sec – 2 Rohtak
(HARYANA).
5 This report will contain two part
1) ANALYSIS
1) Analysis of slab.
2) Analysis of beam.
3) Analysis of column.
2)DESIGN
1) Design of slab.
2) Design of beam.
3) Design column.
14. 1-12
6 Standard Building Codes
IS 875
Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures
Part I Dead Loads
Part II Imposed Loads
Part III Wind Loads
Part V Special Loads and Combinations
IS 1893:2016 Criteria for earthquake resistance design of structures
IS 4326:1993 Code of practice for earthquake resistant design and
construction of buildings
IS 13920:2016 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces
SP 22 Explanatory handbook on codes for earthquake engineering, IS1893 &
IS 4326
IS 456:2000 Plain and reinforced concrete - Code of practice
SP 16 Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456
SP 24 Explanatory handbook on Indian Standard Code for plain and
reinforced concrete , IS 456
SP 34 Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing
IS 2502 Code of practice for bending and fixing of bars for concrete
reinforcement
IS 1786 Specification for high strength deformed steel bars and wires for
concrete reinforcement
IS 10262 Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design
15. 1-13
7 LOADING
Based on the architectural plans and discussions we have arrived on the following loading as
an imposed load and floor finish thickness to be considered as a part of dead loads.
We have also calculated the wind load and the seismic load analysis parameters to be
considered for the project analysis and design.
In the absence of the PHE drawings and MEP drawings we have assumed some loading
based on the earlier project experiences related to water tanks for 3m high and placed them
all over the staircases for the proposed project.
A. Imposed Loads considered in the project:
SL.
NO
OCCUPANCY
CLASSIFICATION
UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTED
LOAD
(KN/M2
)
FLOOR LEVEL REMARKS
1 CORRIDORS, LOBBIES,
LAUNGES
4.0 GENERAL NA
2 TOILETS 2.0 GENERAL NA
3 GENERAL STORAGE 3.0 GENERAL NA
4 OFFICES/ADMINISTRATION/
FACULTY
2.5 GENERAL NA
5 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRCASES 4.0 GENERAL NA
6 AHU ROOMS 4.0 GENERAL NA
7 MEETING
ROOM/PROJECTION ROOM
4.0 GENERAL NA
8 SEMINAR ROOM WITHOUT
FIXED SEATING
5.0 GENERAL NA
9 ACCESSIBLE TERRACE 1.50 GENERAL NA
10 IT ROOM/SERVER ROOM 3.5 GENERAL NA
11 LIBRARY – only in between
grids -
6.0kn/m2
for
2.2ht height.
6.0+2.0+2.0 =
10.0Kn/m2
DEFINED -third
floor and fourth
floor only as per
architectural plans
We have
height of
floor as
4.2m. so
additional
of 2.0kn/m2
for every
additional
height
above 2.2m
needs to be
considered.
16. 1-14
12 LABS 3.0
13 LECTURE HALL 3.0
14 MULTIPURPOSE HALLS W/O
FIXED SEATING
5.0
15 ACCESSIBLE TERRACE 1.50 TERRACE/OPEN
TERRACE
B. DEAD LOADS:
• Floor Finishing thickness – 65mm thick (max)
• Self-Weight as per design
• Wall loads as per EXACT LOACATIONS IN Architectural plans. PERIPHERAL
BLOCK WALL ARE 230MM THICK ND INTERNAL IS 115MM THICK.
• Collateral Load (False ceiling + ducts) = 0.5kn/m2
• Roof floor finish @ light weight concrete with avg thickness of 250mm @ 10Kn/m3
(Max)
• Toilets Sunks- 100mm thick @ 10Kn/ m3
(Max)
• Machine room – 5.0Kn/m2
In no case the block wall shall be shifted anywhere. All the loads are as per layout shown in
architectural
drawings available with consultant on the time of design i.e. March 2018.
C. Water Tank Load
Water tanks for height = 3.0m has been considered over all the staircases
17. 1-15
Chapter 8
Analysis
8.1 Analysis of slab
Analysis is based on the types of slab.
8.2 Types of slab
1) One way slab 2) Two way slab
Ly
Lx
>2
Ly
Lx
< 2
Ly = Longer span of slab.
LX = Shorter span of slab.
8.3Load distribution in slab
1 One way slab
18. 1-16
Mainly 99% load will transfer to the shorter span*
.
*So one way slab is design for shorter span.
2 Two way slab B1 B2
Load on beam B1 =
(Area of trapezoidal x floor load) / Length of beam B1
Load on beam B2 =
(Area of triangle x floor load) / Length of beam B2
19. 1-17
3 RESTRAINED SLAB
When the corner of slab are to be prevented from lifting, the slab are to design maximum
bending moment per unit width in the slab is given by
=αxwlx
2
=αywlx
2
αx & αy are coefficient given table 26 (IS - 456 2000)
Mx & My = moment on strip of unit width spanning lx & ly respectively and
lx & ly = length of shorter span and longer span respectively.
Effect of uplifting/torsion on the slab
These crack due to lifting up slab on corner.
To avoid this uplifting of slab curtailment are provided in the reinforcement and tensile
reinforcement are provided in the edges of slab.
20. 1-18
.
8.4 Analysis of beam
1) Effective Span (clause 22.2(a)
1) Clear span + effective depth and
2) C/C distance between support.
2) Effective depth
The vertical deflection limit may generally be assumed to be satisfied provided that the
span to depth ratio are not greater than the values.
a) Basic values of span to effective depth ratio for spans up to 10 m:
Cantilever 7
Simply supported 20
Continuous 26
b) For span above 10m, the values may be multiplied by 10/span in meter except cantilever in
which deflection calculation made.
1) Singly reinforced beam 2) Doubly reinforced beam
21. 1-19
1) Singly reinforced beam
In a beam reinforcement are provided only in tensile zone due to concrete are weak in tension
22. 1-20
Chapter 9
Design Data
9.1 Concrete
Compressive strength of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
Compressive strength of concrete, fck = 30 N/mm2
(for column)
Concrete density = 25kN/m3
Concrete cover to the rebar is as follows:
a) Foundation = 50mm
b) Columns = 40mm
c) Beams = 25mm
d) Slabs = 20mm
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec = 5000√fck
Concrete Poisson's ratio = 0.20
9.2 Reinforcement
Reinforced steel yield strength, fy = 500N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 2.05 X 10^8 kN/mm2
9.3 Design Philosophy
a) Building has been analyzed for conventional loads, Structural members/ component including
foundation, RCC slab, beams and columns are designed for the dead, live & seismic loads. The
beams and columns frame arrangement and design has been done by STAAD PRO CONNECT
EDITION.
b) Foundation is typically designed for the reaction obtained from predominant load case, by
analyzing on STAAD PRO CONNECT EDITION.
c) Serviceability & strength checks of foundation & members are carried out as per IS 456: 2000
23. 1-21
9.4 Analysis, Model and Software Used
The building has been analyzed as a 3-dimensional skeletal structure of beam column frame
structure using STAAD PRO CONNECT EDITION.
9.5 Load Calculation
9.5.1 Dead Load
a) Self Weight = Automatically calculated
Brick wall load
i) Plinth
Internal peripheral = 0 .25x10x4.2 =10.5≈11 kN/m
ii) First floor
Internal peripheral = 0 .25x10x4.2 =10.5≈11 kN/m
Iii) Peripheral around cut out = 0 .25x10x4.2 =10.5≈11 kN/m
iv) Peripheral vertical GRC = 4.5kN/m
c) Floor Load
i. Typical Floor
Self-Weight of Slab = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kN/m2
(Vary for different slab thickness)
Floor Finish = 1.5kN/m2
False Ceiling and collateral = 0.25 KN/m2
Total = 5.5 KN/m2
Toilet Sunk 100 mm @ 20Kn/m3 = 0.100x20 = 2KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 7.0 kN/m2
24. 1-22
9.5.2 Imposed Load
Live load shall be taken 3 kN/m2
(vary for different slab criteria)
Live load shall be taken 4.0 KN/m2
for corridor.
9.6 Load Combinations for Concrete Design of Structural Elements
The limit state load combinations used for design of concrete structural elements such as beams
& columns are as per IS: 875 Part 5 and IS: 456. They are listed below.
Various load combinations considered are as follows:-
Load Combination 1.5(DL+ LL)
Load Combination 1.5(DL + EQX)
Load Combination 1.5(DL - EQX)
Load Combination 1.5(DL + EQZ)
Load Combination 1.5(DL - EQZ)
Load Combination 1.2(DL + LL + EQX)
Load Combination 1.2(DL + LL - EQX)
Load Combination 1.2(DL+LL +EQZ)
Load Combination 1.2(DL+LL - EQZ)
Load Combination 0.9DL + 1.5EQX
Load Combination 0.9DL - 1.5EQX
Load Combination 0.9DL + 1.5EQZ
Load Combination 0.9DL - 1.5EQZ
Load Combination 1.5(DL + WLX)
Load Combination 1.5(DL - WLX)
Load Combination 1.5(DL + WLZ)
Load Combination 1.5(DL - WLZ)
Load Combination 1.2(DL + LL + WLX)
Load Combination 1.2(DL + LL - WLX)
Load Combination 1.2(DL+LL +WLZ)
Load Combination 1.2(DL+LL - WLZ)
Load Combination 0.9DL + 1.5WLX
Load Combination 0.9DL - 1.5WLX
Load Combination 0.9DL + 1.5WLZ
Load Combination 0.9DL - 1.5WLZ
25. 1-23
Where
DL : Dead Load
LL : Live Load
EQX : Earthquake load in X-direction
EQZ : Earthquake load in Z-direction
WLX : Wind load in X - direction
WLZ : Wind load in Z - direction
9.7 Seismic Load Calculation
9.7.1 Seismic Data
As per IS 1893, following data for seismic calculation is taken as follows.
i. Zone = II
ii. Zone Factor = 0.16
iii. Importance Factor = 1.5
iv. Response Reduction Factor = 5.0
v. Seismic Load Calculation using Equivalent Static Lateral Procedure as per clause
7.7.2 IS 1893-2002, Considering in flexibility of the diaphragms the lateral shear at
each floor shall be distributed to the vertical elements resisting the lateral forces.
9.7.2 DESIGN ACCELARATION SPECTRUM
26. 1-24
Where
Z = seismic zone factor given in Table 3
I = importance factor given in IS 1893 (Parts 1 to 5) for the given structures ;when not specified,
minimum values f I shall be,
a) 1.5 for critical and lifeline structures;
b) 1.2 for business continuity structures; and
c) 1.0 for the rest..
R = response reduction factor given in IS 1893(parts 1 to 5) for the corresponding structures; and
Sa
𝑔
= Design acceleration coefficient for different soil types, normalized with peak ground
acelaration, corresponding to natural period T of structure (considering soil – structure
interaction, if required). It shall be taken as that corresponding to 5percent damping, expression
given below:
28. 1-26
For determining the correct spectrum to be used in the estimate of (Sa/g),the type of soil on
which the structure places shall be identified by the classification given in the table 4, as;
A) Soil type I – Rock or hard soils;
B) Soil type II – Medium or stiff soils; and
C) Soil type III – Soft soils.
In the table 4, the value of N to be used shall be the weighted average of n of soil layers from
the existing ground level; here, the nvalues of indivisual layer shall be the corrected values.
Table 3 Seismic Zone Factor Z
Seismic Zone Factor
(1)
II
(2)
III
(3)
IV
(4)
V
(5)
Z 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36
Effect of design earthquake loads applied on structures can be considered in two ways, namely;
a) Equivalent static method,and
b) Dynamic analysis method.
In turn, dynamic analysis can be performed in three ways, namely:
1) Response spectrum method.
2) Modal time history method, and
3) Time history method.
In this standard, Equivaleent static method, Response spectrum method and time history method
are adoted.
30. 1-28
This report describes the various activities executed at site and in laboratory and depicts the
nature of sub soil strata and evaluates the various soil properties required for the computation of
Safe/Allowable bearing capacity required for design of the foundations for proposed Lecture
Department at IIT Kanpur, U P. This job of sub-soil exploration was assigned to Department of
Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, U P.
Based on the investigations reported above the safe bearing capacity (based on shear criterion)
for the soil at, the place of investigation is recommended for all four structures as 180. kN/m2 at
2.0m depth from natural ground level.
10.1 Standard Result
1) Allowable Deflection
a) The final deflection due to dead loads and live loads (unfactored) measured from As cast
levels of supports is not more than Span/250.
b) The deflection after erection of partitions and the application of finishes is not more than
span/350 or 20 mm, whichever is the lesser
2) Lateral Frame Deflection (Story Drift) Under Seismic Load:
Story Drift under nominal seismic loads is not more than 0.004h, where h is the story height.
31. 1-29
Chapter 11
CONCLUSION
It was a wonderful learning experience at DESIGN OF CIRCULAR BUILDING site of
L&T project for 4 weeks in Sec - 2 Rohtak, Haryana. I gained a lot of insight regarding
almost every aspect of site. I was given exposure in almost all the departments at the site.
The friendly welcome from all the employees is appreciating, sharing their experience
and giving their peace of wisdom which they have gained in long journey of work. I am
very much thankful for the wonderful accommodation facility from L&T. I hope this
experience will surely help me in my future and also in shaping my career.
