2. Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge
Vice President under HardingVice President under Harding
President in 1923 after Harding diesPresident in 1923 after Harding dies
Reelected in 1924Reelected in 1924
Changes back to a Laissez-faireChanges back to a Laissez-faire
approach to economyapproach to economy
Return to IsolationReturn to Isolation
3. Political ScandalPolitical Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal 1924The Teapot Dome Scandal 1924
Secretary of Interior indicted for briberySecretary of Interior indicted for bribery
Gave leases to government oil to companiesGave leases to government oil to companies
for moneyfor money
Oil reserves in Teapot Dome, WyomingOil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming
4. RecessionRecession
Economy suffersEconomy suffers
Caused by shift from wartime toCaused by shift from wartime to
peacetime economiespeacetime economies
– No longer producing for warNo longer producing for war
Production, farm income, exportsProduction, farm income, exports
declinedecline
Unemployment increases (12% inUnemployment increases (12% in
1921)1921)
5. RecoveryRecovery
Coolidge ProsperityCoolidge Prosperity
– Gross National Product up 40% by 1923Gross National Product up 40% by 1923
– Standard of living increasesStandard of living increases
6. Pro-Business PoliciesPro-Business Policies
Decreased corporate income taxesDecreased corporate income taxes
Decreased national debtDecreased national debt
Raised tariffsRaised tariffs
Demanded repayment of war debtsDemanded repayment of war debts
7. LaborLabor
During war, strikes decreaseDuring war, strikes decrease
Post-war strikes failPost-war strikes fail
– Troops and court orders used to endTroops and court orders used to end
strikesstrikes
Union membership decreasesUnion membership decreases
Supreme Court rules against childSupreme Court rules against child
labor lawslabor laws
8.
9. FarmingFarming
Policies favor large commercial farmsPolicies favor large commercial farms
Small farms sufferSmall farms suffer
– Production increased during warProduction increased during war
– After war they are producing too muchAfter war they are producing too much
Prices dropPrices drop
10. The Stock MarketThe Stock Market
Investments increaseInvestments increase
Buying “on margin”Buying “on margin”
– Small down payments in cashSmall down payments in cash
– Borrow the restBorrow the rest
– People could pay off the loans as long asPeople could pay off the loans as long as
stocks did wellstocks did well
11. Mass ConsumptionMass Consumption
New TechnologyNew Technology
– AutomobilesAutomobiles
– Mass production, assembly lineMass production, assembly line
Lower pricesLower prices
Cultural HomogenizationCultural Homogenization
– Everyone can buy the same productsEveryone can buy the same products
Brand namesBrand names
12.
13. MORE THAN JUST AMORE THAN JUST A
CARCAR
Nations biggest manufacturing industryNations biggest manufacturing industry
Businesses to service cars and travel growBusinesses to service cars and travel grow
– garages, car dealerships, motels,garages, car dealerships, motels,
campgrounds, gas stations, restaurantscampgrounds, gas stations, restaurants
3.7 million people employed directly or3.7 million people employed directly or
indirectly by industry in 1929indirectly by industry in 1929
$2 billion to build roads$2 billion to build roads
Growth of suburbsGrowth of suburbs
14.
15.
16. New ValuesNew Values
Emphasis on wealth, possessions, funEmphasis on wealth, possessions, fun
LeisureLeisure
– Movies, sports, gamesMovies, sports, games
– FlappersFlappers
Young womenYoung women
Drank, smokedDrank, smoked
More in movies than real lifeMore in movies than real life
17.
18. Growth of ElectricityGrowth of Electricity
New ways to shopNew ways to shop
– Kansas City first shopping mall 1923Kansas City first shopping mall 1923
Growth of electricityGrowth of electricity
– 1913 16% people with electric lights1913 16% people with electric lights
– 1927 63% people with electric lights1927 63% people with electric lights
– only 4% farms with electricityonly 4% farms with electricity
19. Unified AmericaUnified America
Until 1920’s America divided intoUntil 1920’s America divided into
regional economies and culturesregional economies and cultures
Growth ofGrowth of Mass MediaMass Media creates acreates a
more connected Americamore connected America
– RadioRadio
– MoviesMovies
20. ProhibitionProhibition
Illegal to buy, sell, or consume alcoholIllegal to buy, sell, or consume alcohol
1818thth
Amendment in 1919Amendment in 1919
Hard to enforceHard to enforce
– Bootlegging- illegally making and sellingBootlegging- illegally making and selling
alcoholalcohol
Ended in 1933Ended in 1933
21. Red ScareRed Scare
Fear of spread of communism afterFear of spread of communism after
Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution
Leads to race riots, bombings, policeLeads to race riots, bombings, police
raids, and deportationsraids, and deportations
22. Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco andItalian immigrants Nicola Sacco and
Bartolomeo Vanzetti convicted ofBartolomeo Vanzetti convicted of
murdermurder
– Little evidence against themLittle evidence against them
– Both anarchistsBoth anarchists
– executedexecuted
23. Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
Reorganized due to anti-foreignReorganized due to anti-foreign
attitudesattitudes
Targeted African Americans,Targeted African Americans,
Catholics, Jews, and immigrantsCatholics, Jews, and immigrants
24. ImmigrationImmigration
Immigration Act of 1924Immigration Act of 1924
– Established quotas- limited number ofEstablished quotas- limited number of
allowed immigrantsallowed immigrants
– Kept out immigrants from Eastern andKept out immigrants from Eastern and
Southern Europe and AsiaSouthern Europe and Asia
25. Women’s RolesWomen’s Roles
More women workingMore women working
1920’s Women’s Bureau1920’s Women’s Bureau
– Part of Department of LaborPart of Department of Labor
– Improved working conditionsImproved working conditions
1919thth
AmendmentAmendment
– Women get right to voteWomen get right to vote
26. Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance
African American movement basedAfrican American movement based
out of Harlem, NYCout of Harlem, NYC
Called for action against bigotryCalled for action against bigotry
Pride in African American culturePride in African American culture
WritersWriters
– W.E.B. Du Bois, Langston HughesW.E.B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes
Artists, musiciansArtists, musicians
– jazzjazz
27.
28. Great MigrationGreat Migration
Starting in World War One AfricanStarting in World War One African
Americans began moving fromAmericans began moving from
South to NorthSouth to North
1914 14,000 African Americans in1914 14,000 African Americans in
NYCNYC
1930 200,000 African Americans in1930 200,000 African Americans in
NYCNYC
29.
30. Jazz AgeJazz Age
Combination of Ragtime and Blues =Combination of Ragtime and Blues =
JazzJazz
Began in New OrleansBegan in New Orleans
Grew to dominate radioGrew to dominate radio
500 Jazz Clubs in Harlem500 Jazz Clubs in Harlem