Fluid Mechanics Manual_2016-2017 latest (1).docx

Assignment with co mapping
Name of subject:- Fluid Mechanics
Class:- Second year
Unit I
Sr. No. Question CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 CO6
1 Define the following fluid properties:-
Density, Weight density, specific volume and
specific gravity of a fluid.
2 What is the difference between dynamic and
kinematic viscosity?
3 State the Newton’s law of viscosity and give
examples of its applications.
4 One litre of crude oil weighs 9.6 N. Calculate
the specific weight, density and specific
gravity.
5 A plate 0.025mm distant from a fixed plate,
moves at 50cm/sec and requies a force of
1.471 N/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine
the fluid viscosity between the plates in the
poise.
6 Determine the specific gravity of fluid having
viscosity 0.0.7 poise and kinematic viscosity
0.042stokes.
7 Define pressure. Obtain an expression for the
pressure intensity at a point in a fluid.
8 The pressure intensity at a point ina fluid is
given 4.9N/cm2. Find the corresponding
height of a fluid when it is a) water and b)an
oil of specific gravity 0.8
9 A pipe contains an oil of specific gravity 0.8 A
differential manometer connected at the two
points A and B of the pipe shows a difference
in mercury level as 20cm. Find the difference
of pressure at the two points.

Class:- Second year
Unit II
1 Explain the terms:- Path line, Streak line,
Stream line and Stream tube.
2 Define:- Velocity potential function, Stream
function and Flow net
3 The diameters of pipe at the section 1 and 2
are 15cm and 20cm. Find the discharge
through the pipe if velocity of water at section
1 is 4 m/sec. Determine also the velocity at
section 2.
4 The velocity vector in a fluid flow is given bt
V = 2x3i-5x2yj+4tk. Find the velocity and
acceleration of a fluid particle at (1,2,3) at
time t=1.
5 What is Euler’s equation of motion? How will
you obtain Bernoulli’s equation from it?
6 Water is flowing through a pipe of 100mm
diameter. Under a pressure of 19.62 N/cm2
(gauge) and its mean velocity of 3 m/sec. Find
the total head of the water at a cross section,
which is 8m above the datum line.
7 A horizontal venturimeter with inlet and thorat
diameters 30cm and 15cm is used to measure
the flow of water. The reading of differential
manometer connected to inlet and throat is
10cm of mercury. Determine the rate of flow.
Take Cd = 0.98

Class:- Second year
Unit III
1 Define the terms dimensional analysis and
model studies.
2 What do you mean by dimensionless numbers?
Name any four dimensionless numbers. Define
and explain Reynold’s number, Froude’s
number and Mach number. Derive expressions
for any above two numbers.
3 In 1:30 model of spillway, the velocity and
discharge are 1.5 m/sec and 2 m3/sec. Find the
corresponding velocity and discharge in the
prototype.
4 Define:- Laminar boundary layer, turbulent
boundary layer, laminar sub layer, boundary
layer thickness, displacement thickness and
momentum thickness.
5 Explain Separation of Boundary layer.
6 For a velocity profile in laminar boundary layer
given as (u/U) = (3/2)(y/δ) - (1/2)(y/δ)3. find
the thickness of the boundary layer and shear
stress 1.8 m from the leading edge of plate. The
plate is 2.5m long and 1.5 m wide and is placed
in water which is moving with a velocity of 15
cm per second. Find the drag on one side of the
plate if the viscosity of water = 0.01 poise

Class:- Second year
Unit IV
Sr.
No.
Question CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 CO6
1 What is Hagen Poiseuille’s equation? Derive an
expression for Hagen Poiseuille’s formula.
2 A crude oil of viscosity 0.9 poise and specific
gravity 0.8 is flowing through a horizontal
circular pipe of diameter 80 mm and of length
15m. Calculate the difference of pressure at the
two ends of the pipe, if 50 kg of the oil is
collected in a tank in 15 seconds.
3 How would you distinguish between
hydrodynamically smooth and rough boundaries?
4 What do you mean by Prandtl’s mixing length
theory? Find an expression for shear stress due to
Prandtl.
5 How will you determine the loss of head due to
friction in pipes by using (i) Darcy formula and
(ii) Chezy’s formula?
6 Find the head loss due to friction in a pipe of
diameter 250 mm and length 60 m, through which
water is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/sec using (I)
Darcy formula and (ii) Chezy’s formula for which
C = 55. Take kinematic viscosity for water is 0.01
stoke.
7 Find the diameter of a pipe of length 2500 m
when the rate of flow of water through the pipe is
0.25 m3/sec and head loss due to friction is 5 m.
Take C = 50 in Chezy’s formula.

Class:- Second year
Unit V
Sr.
No.
1 Find the velocity of flow and rate of flow of water
through a rectangular channel of 5 m wide and 2
m deep, when it is running full. The channel is
having bed slope of 1 in 3000. Take Chezy’s
constant C = 50.
2 Explain the terms:- I) Rapidly varied flow
Ii) Gradually varied flow
3 Find the discharge through a trapezoidal channel
of width 6 m and side slope of 1 horizontal to 3
vertical. The depth of flow of water is 3 m and
Chezy’s constant, C = 60. The slope of the bed of
the channel is given 1 in 5000.
4 A rectangular channel carries water at the rate of
500 litres/ sec when bed slope of 1 in 10000 and
carries a discharge of 1000 lit/sec when flowing
half full. Take the value of Manning’s N = 0.02
5 The specific energy for a 60 wide rectangular
channel is to be 5 kg m/kg. If the rate of flow of
water through the channel is 24m2/sec, determine
the alternate depths of flow.
6 Find the slope of free water surface in rectangular
channel of width 15 m, having depth of flow 4 m.
the discharge through the channel is 40 m3/sec.
The bed slope of the channel is having a slope of
1 in 4000. Take the value of Chezy’s constant,
C=50.

Class:- Second year
Unit VI
Sr.
No.
1 Explain classification of bed slopes.
2 Define:- total drag on a body, resultant force on a
body, coefficient of drag and coefficient of lift.
3 A flat plate 2 m x 2 m moves at 40 km/hour in a
stationary air of density 1.25 kg/m3. if the
coefficient of drag and lift are 0.2 and 0.8 find I)
lift force ii) drag force iii) resultant force iv) the
power required to keep the plate in motion.
4 A flat plate 2 m x 2 m moves at 40 km/hour in
stationary air of density 1.25 kg/ m3. if the
coefficient of drag and lift are 0.2 and 0.8 find the
lift force, drag force, resultant force and the power
required to keep the plate in motion.
5 Define stagnation points. How the position of the
stagnation points for a rotating cylinder in a
uniform flow is determined? What is the
condition for single stagnation point?
6 Explain the terms:
I) Friction drag
II) Pressure drag and profile drag

Question Bank
Class:- Second year
Unit I
1. Define fluid and fluid mechanics.
2. Define real and ideal fluids.
3. Define mass density and specific weight.
4. Distinct b/w statics and kinematics.
5. Define viscosity.
6. Define specific volume.
7. Define specific gravity.
8. Distinct b/w capillarity and surface tension.
9. Calculate the specific weight, density and specific gravity of 1 liter liquid which weighs 7N.
10. State Newton’s law of viscosity.
11. Name the types of fluids.
12. Define compressibility.
13. Define kinematic viscosity.
14. Find the kinematic viscosity of oil having density 981 kg/m3 . The shear stress at a point in oil
is 0.2452N/m2 and velocity gradient at that point is 0.2/sec.
15. Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having 0.05 poise and kinematic viscosity 0.035
stokes.
16. Find out the minimum size of glass tube that can be used to measure water level if the
capillary rise is restricted to 2 mm. Consider surface tension of water in contact with air as
0.073575 N/m.
17. Write down the expression for capillary fall.
18. Explain vapour pressure and cavitation.

19. Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25 cm apart. The space between them is being filled with
oil of viscosity 14 poises. Calculate the shear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with a velocity
of 2.5 m/s.
20. State Pascal’s law.
21. What is mean by absolute and gauge pressure and vacuum pressure?
22. Define Manometer and list out it’s types.
23. Write short notes on ‘Differential Manometers’.
24. Define centre of pressure and total pressure.
25. Define buoyancy and centre of buoyancy.

Question Bank
Class:- Second year
Unit II
1. What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow.
2. Write the assumptions of Bernoullis Theorem.
3. What is a venturimeters? Where it is used?
4. What are the types of fluid flow?
5. State Bernnoullis Theorem.
6. Derive the expression for Bernoullis equation.
7. Write short notes on different types of Fluid flow with examples and neat sketches.
8. Water flows in a circular pipe. At one section the diameter is 0.3 m the static pressure is 260
kpa gauge, the velocity is 3 m/s and the elevation is 10 m above ground level. The elevation at a
section downstream is 0 m and the pipe diameter is 0.15 m. Find the gauge pressure at the
downstream section. Frictional effect may be neglected. Assume density of water to be 999 kg/m3
.
9. The water is flowing through a tapering pipe having diameters 300 mm and 150 mm at a
sections 1 and 2 respectively. The discharge through the pipe is 40 litres/sec. The section 1 is 10
m above datum and section 2 is 6 m above datum. Find the intensity of pressure at section 2 if that
at section 1 is 400 kN/m2 .
10. Define: i) Buoyancy, ii) Centre of buoyancy, iii) Path line, iv) Laminar flow, v) Turbulent
flow.
11. The stream function for a two-
point P (4, 2). Also find the velocity potential function.
12 .Explain the condition for stability of submerged and floating bodies.

Question Bank
Class:- Second year
Unit III
1. State Buckingham's π theorem. The efficiency η of a fan depends on density ρ, dynamic
e Q. Express η in terms of
dimensionless parameters.
2. Explain: (i) Geometric similarity (ii) Kinematic similarity (iii) Dynamic similarity model and
prototype. A vertical venturimeter has an area ratio 5. It has a throat diameter of 10 cm. When oil
of specific gravity 0.8 flows through it, the mercury in the differential gauge indicates a difference
in height of 12 cm. Find the discharge through venturi. Take Cd = 0.98.
3. State Buckingham's it theorem.
4. List the primary and derived quantities.
5. Define model and prototype.
6. List the advantages of distorted model.
7. Classify the hydraulic models.
8. Define model law or similarity law.
9. Write the advantages of model analysis.
10. What is Boundary layer and Boundary layer theory?
11. Explain in detail about Characteristics of a boundary layer along with thin flat plate ?
12. Derive the equation for Drag force on a flat plate due to boundary layer or Von Karman
Momentum integral equation of boundary layer ?

Question Bank
Class:- Second year
Unit IV
1. Define Reynolds number. What is its significance?
2. Derive Hagen Poisoulle's equation for viscous flow through a circular pipe.
3. An oil of viscosity 10 poise flows between two parallel fixed plates which are kept at a distance
of 50 mm apart. Find the rate of flow of oil between the plates if the drop of pressure in a length
of 1.2 m be 0.3 N/cm3. The width of plates is 200 min.
4. A pipe of diameter 240mm and length 20km is laid at a slope of 1 in 250. An oil of specific
gravity 0.85 and, viscosity 180cp is pumped up at a rate of 18 liters/sec. Find the head lost due to
friction and the power required to pump the oil.
5. Determine (i) pressure gradient (ii) the shear stress at the two horizontal parallel plates and (iii)
the discharge per meter width for the laminar flow of oil with a maximum velocity of 2 m/sec
between two horizontal parallel fixed plates which are 100 mm apart. µ= 2.4525 N-s/m2.
6. Lubricating oil of specific gravity 0.85 and dynamic viscosity 0.1 N-s/m2 is pumped through a
3 cm diameter pipe. If the pressuredrop per meter length of the pipe is 15 kPa, determine: i) The
mass flow rate of oil in kg/min. ii) The shear stress at the pipe wall. iii) Reynolds number of the
flow and iv) The power required per 40 m length of the pipe to maintain the flow.
7. Derive the Darcy-Weisbach equation for the loss of head due to friction in a pipe.
8. Find the head lost due to friction in a pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 50 m through which
water is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/s using: (i) Darcy's formula, (ii) Chezy's formula for which C
=60.
9. Water is supplied to a town having a population of 1 lakh from a reservoir 6km away from the
town and is stipulated that half of the daily supply of 180 liters per head should be delivered in 8

hrs. What should be the diameter of the supply pipe? The loss of head due to friction in the pipe
line is 12m. Take f= 0.002.
10. A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and discharges freely
into the atmosphere at the other end. For first 25 m of its length from the tank, the pipe is 150 mm
diameter and its diameter is suddenly enlarges to 300 mm. The height of water level in tank is 8 m
above the centre of pipe. Considering all losses of head which occur, determine the rate of flow.
Take f = 0.01 for both sections of pipe.

Question Bank
Class:- Second year
Unit V
1. Differentiate between the flows with example :
(i) Laminar and Turbulent flows
(ii) Critical, Sub-critical and Super-critical flow
2. For a wide rectangular channel, derive the relation between
(i) Critical depth and Discharge
(ii) Critical depth and Minimum specific energy
3. Write short notes on the following :
(i) Types of open channel flow
(ii) Velocity distribution in open channel flow
(iii) Exponential and non-exponential channels
(iv) Roughness coefficient
(v) Hydraulic gradient
(vi) Hydraulic jump
4. The normal depth of flow of water in a rectangular channel 1.5 m wide is one meter. The bed
slope of the channel is 0.0006 and Manning's roughness co-efficient : 0.012. Find the critical
depth. At a certain section of the same channel the depth is 0.92 while at a second section the
depth is 0.86 m. Find the distance between the two sections. Also find whether the section is
located d/s or u/s with respectof the first section.
5. State and discuss the assumptions made in the derivation of the dynamic equation for gradually
varied flow. Starting from first principle, derive equation for the slope of the water surface in
GVF. Also write down the dynamic equation for wide rectangular channels if
(i) Manning's formula is used, and
(ii) Chezy's formula is used.

6. Write a short note:-
(a) Specific energy curve.
(b) Factors affecting manning’s roughness coefficient.
7. Obtain the relation between Manning's constant and Chezy's constant.
8. Show that for a given discharge, specific energy is minimum when Q2 .T / gA3 is unity, where
T is the water surface width. Obtain expression or the critical depth and minimum specific energy
for a wide rectangular.
9. Calculate the bottom width of a channel required to carry a discharge of 15 m3 /sec as a critical
flow at a depth of 1.2 m, if the channel section is (a) rectangular, and (b) trapezoidal with side
slope of 1.5 horizontal.
10.What is a specific energy curve? Draw specific energy curve, and then derive expressions for
critical depth and critical velocity.
11. Why is a bed slope provided for an open channel ?
12. Classify and characterise the various water surface profiles obtained in a steady gradually
varied flow in a prismatic channel under different slopes.
13.In what ways is the open channel flow different from the flow in closed conduits ?
14. Discuss the graphical integration method in detail for working out water surface profile in an
open channel flow.
15. what do you mean by critical flow? Derive an expression for critical depth and Froude number
for triangular channel.

Question Bank
Class:- Second year
Unit VI
1. Sketch the possible GVF profiles in the serial arrangement of channels,if the flow is from left
to right :
I) free intake –steep –sluice gate—mild slope,
Ii) mild—sluice gate –steep—horizontal—sudden drop.
2. (a) Derive the equation for gradually varied flow and write the basic assumptions in analyzing
the GVF.
(b) Water flows in 15 m wide rectangular channel at a rate 115 m3 /s . bed Slope is 0.001 and
n=0.125. A dam placed downstream raises the height to 6.8 m immediately behind the dam. What
is the distance upstream to a point , where depth is 3.7 m? Find by two steps.
3. What is difference between GVF and RVF?
4. How do you calculate Gvf?
5. What are Gvf assumptions?
6. How many surface profiles are possiblein Gvf?
7. What are the types of flow profile?
8. When can a gradually varied flow become a uniform flow?
9. When the depth of flow changes gradually over a length of the channel then the flow will be
termed as?
10. What is the difference between uniform flow and gradually varied flow?
11. What causes rapidly varied flow?
12. Explain forces on submerged bodies.
13. What are the reasons for the drag and lift forces experienced?
14. Which of the following is an example of bodies where both drag & lift forces are produced?
15. What is drag lift principle?

16. Why does increasing speed also increase lift?
17. How do you calculate drag and lift?
18. What generates lift?
19. Which of the following does not affect the drag and lift force?
20. Is drag force the same as air resistance?
21. How does air pressure affect lift?
22. What causes drag?
23. How does density affect lift?
24. How does air pressure affect lift?

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