Corruption poses a threat to international security and stability according to a presentation given by Karolina MacLachlan and Emma Kerr of Transparency International UK-Defence and Security Programme. Corruption can lead to state failure and negatively impacts security as evidenced by the Iraqi president's admission that corruption in the military resulted in far fewer actual soldiers than reported. An analysis by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace also linked corruption and state failure while Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index further illustrates the scope of the problem.