Port Equipment and utility

Port Equipment and utility
A SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT
Submitted by
Rahul Pandit
201080109501
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
Electrical Engineering
Amiraj College of engineering and technology, Sanand
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
2022-2023

Project ID - 243722
Gujarat Technological University ACET
II
Amiraj College of engineering and technology
Opp. Virochannagar Bus stop Nr.
Tata Nano plant village khoraj, sanand- Ahmedabad, Gujarat– 382170
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the project
entitled Port equipment and utility has been carried out by Rahul Pandit
201080109501 under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering, 7th
Semester of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2022-23.
Mr.Sunil Patel Mr. Jaydeep Mishra
Internal Guide Head of the Department

Project ID - 243722
Gujarat Technological University. ACET
III
COMPANY CERTIFICATE

Project ID - 243722
IV
Amiraj College of engineering and technology
Opp. Virochannagar Bus stop Nr.
Tata Nano plant village khoraj, sanand- Ahmedabad, Gujarat– 382170
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Summer Internship report submitted along with the
Summer Internship entitled Port equipment and utility submitted in partial
fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering to Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project
work carried out by me at Deendayal Port Authority under the supervision
of AEE Mr. Nikunj Solanki and that no part of this report has been directly
copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without
providing due references.
Name of the Student Sign of Student
Rahul Pandit. _____________

Project ID - 243722
V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express our sincere gratitude to Supervisor MR. NIKUNJ SOLANKI,
AE for continuously guiding me at the company and answering all my
doubts with patience. I would also like to thank my/our Internal Guide Prof.
SUNILPATEL for helping us through our internship by giving us the
necessary suggestions and advices along with their valuable coordination in
completing this internship.
We also thank our parents, friends and all the members of the family for their
precious support and encouragement which they had provided in completion
of our work. In addition to that, we would also like to mention the company
personals who gave us the permission to use and experience the valuable
resources required for the internship.
Thus, In conclusion to the above said, we once again thank the staff members
of Deendayal Port Authority for their valuable support in completion of the
project.
Thank You
RAHUL PANDIT

Project ID - 243722
VI
ABSTRACT
I completed my internship at Deendayal port. In Deendayal port I learned
about all the equipments which are used in the Port and their utility.
Over the decades, electricity demand has increased considerably. Electric
energy is produced in power plants that are located far away From consumers.
It is given for consumption through a vast network of Transmission and
distribution lines. In many places on the power grid, it may be desirable and
necessary to modify some features of the Power supply. This is accomplished
by a suitable device assembly Called a substation. After visiting in port
66kvs/s and 11kv s/s I learned the all equipment which are used at s/s port
and Some characteristics of the power supply include Voltage level, power
factor, frequency, AC to DC, etc. are included.
The Deendayal have many equipment like handling devices. Which come in
use to lift the goods at Port. I learnd Working about all the handling devices
like ELL(Electrical Level-luffing) crane. Which can operates on electricity.
And also learned about different equipment and process. I am able to develop
some additional skills like Time management skills and the importance of
safety etc.

Project ID - 243722
VII
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 2. 1 Single line diagram of 66kv s/s ............................................................................. 4
Fig 2.2 Lighting Arrester..................................................................................................... 6
Fig 2.3 Potential Transformer.............................................................................................. 6
Fig 2.4 Current Transformer................................................................................................ 7
Fig 2.5 Isolator.................................................................................................................... 8
Fig 2.6 SF6 C.B.................................................................................................................. 9
Fig 2.7Transformer of 10 MVA ...................................................................................... 10
Fig 2.8 Conservator.......................................................................................................... 10
Fig 2.9 Breather................................................................................................................ 11
Fig 2.10 Buchholz Relay ................................................................................................. 11
Fig 2.11 Radiator.............................................................................................................. 12
Fig 2.12 OLTC ................................................................................................................ 12
Fig 2.13 High Voltage Bushing....................................................................................... 13
Fig 2.14 Control Room ................................................................................................... 13
Fig 2.15 Capacitor Bank ..................................................................................................15
Fig 3.1 11kv Indoor sub-station ...................................................................................... 16
Fig 3.2 RMU Relay ......................................................................................................... 18
Fig 4.1 Electrical Level Lugging (ELL) Crane ............................................................... 20
Fig 4.2 Cranes Parts ........................................................................................................ 21
Fig 4.3 Rails and wheels ................................................................................................. 22
Fig 4.4 squirrel cage motor used in crane ..................................................................... 23
Fig 4.5 electrical house and panels................................................................................. 24
Fig 4.6 PLC .................................................................................................................... 25
Fig 4.7 HMI Display ...................................................................................................... 26

Project ID - 243722
VIII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACRONYM MEANING
DPT Deendayal Port Trust
KPT Kandla Port Trust
S/S Substation
LA Lighting Arrester
PT Potential Transformer
CT Current Tranformer
CB Circuit Breaker
OLTC On-load tap change
RMU Ring Main Unit
ELL Electrical Level Lugging
HMI Human Machine Interface
PLC Programmable Logic Controllers
HT High tension
LV Low voltage
AC Alternative current
SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride
MVA Mega volt ampere
OCB Oil circuit breaker
MHC Mobile Harbour Crane

Project ID - 243722 Table of Content
Gujarat Technological University . ACET
IX
TABLE OF CONTENT
INSTITUTE CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………….II
COMPANY CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………….III
DECLARATION…………………………………………….………………………….IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………..……V
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..VI
LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………………………………………...VII
LIST OF ABBREVIATION……………………………………………………….…..VIII
LIST OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………………...IX
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY ........................................................1
1.1 ABOUT COMPANY ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 VISION AND MISSION OF COMPANY ............................................................ 1
1.3 COMPANY PROFILE ..........................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2 66Kv s/s .....................................................................................................3
2.1 Introduction to 66kv s/s ...........................................................................................3
2.2 Single line Diagram of 66kv s/s...............................................................................4
2.3. Instrument used in 66kv s/s ..................................................................................5
2.3.1 Lighting Arrester............................................................................................. 6
2.3.2 Potential Tranformer.......................................................................................6
2.3.3 Current Transformer........................................................................................7
2.3.4 Isolator.............................................................................................................8
2.3.5 Line Protection Relay......................................................................................8
2.3.6 Circuit Breaker................................................................................................9
2.3.7 Transformer...................................................................................................10
2.3.7.1 Parts of Transformer………………………………………………... 10
2.3.8 Control Room................................................................................................13

Project ID - 242381 Table of Content
Gujarat Technological University X ACET
2.3.9 Capacitor Bank .............................................................................................15
CHAPTER 3 11kv INDOOR SUBSTATION ...............................................................16
3.1 Introduction to 11 KV s/s ....................................................................................... 16
3.2 Connections of Indoor s/s ....................................................................................... 17
3.3 RMU Relay ............................................................................................................ 17
CHAPTER 4 CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT....................................................19
4.1 Types of crane used in at port ............................................................................... 19
4.2 Introduction to ELL(Electrical level lugging) ....................................................... 20
4.3 Parts of ELL Crane ............................................................................................... 21
4.4 Power supply in ELL Crane ................................................................................... 21
4.5. Cables and wires used in ELL............................................................................... 22
4.6 Electric Motor used in ELL....................................................................................23
4.7 Control Equipments………………………………………………………………24
4.8 PLC .......................................................................................................................25
4.9 HMI ........................................................................................................................26
CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................27
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 28

Project ID - 243722 Overview of the Company
Gujarat Technological University 1 ACET
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY
1.1 ABOUT COMPANY
➢ Kandla port was established in 1965.
➢ Kandla Port was renamed as Deendayal port in 2017 under the Indian Ports Act,
1908.
➢ Deendayal Port Authority, is a seaport and town in Kutch district of Gujarat state
in western India, near the city of Gandhidham. Located on Gulf of Kutch.
➢ It is one of India's major ports on the west coast. It is about 256 nautical miles
southeast of the Port of Karachi in Pakistan and about 430 nautical miles north-
northwest of the Port of Mumbai.
➢ It is the largest port of India by volume of cargo handled.
➢ Deendayal Port's journey began in 1931 with construction of RCC Jetty by
Maharao Khengarji. After partition, Deendayal Port's success story has
continued and it rise to the No. 1 Port in India in the year 2007-08 and since
then retained the position for the 15" consecutive year. On 31.03.2016,
Deendayal Port created history by handling 100 MMT cargos in a year -
the first Major Port to achieve the milestone.
➢ Port has 11 jetties for dry cargo and 6 jetties for liquid cargo. In addition two virtual
jetties for discharging petroleum products to shore tanks.
1.2 VISION & MISSION OF COMPANY
➢ Vision
To be the one of the most economical modern ports rendering cost
effective service to our Customers.
➢ Mission
Deendayal Port will emerge as a vibrant, world class, multi-cargo port
offering services at multiple locations and having dominant share of
regional cargo by virtue of its ability to effectively leverage its
locations and land resources for facilitation of growth of economic
activities and investments, with the objective of developing mutually
beneficial and sustainable linkages with port based industries and

Project ID - 243722 Overview of the Company
users, thereby making Kandla the driver of economic growth in the
region.
1.3 COMPANY PROFILE
Deendayal Port Trust
Business Development Cell,
P.O. Box 50, Administrative Building,
Gandhidham, Kutch,
Gujarat, India – 370201
Phone: 91 (2836) 238055
Fax: 91 (2836) 239055
Email: bdc[at]kandlaport[dot]gov[dot]in

Project ID - 243722 66kv substation
CHAPTER 2
2.1 66KV SUBSTATION
The license for supply of electrical energy was granted to Deendayal Port authority by the
Chief Commissioner of Kutch under the Indian Electricity Act, 1910. Consequent the
enactment of the Electricity Act, 2003, KPT has become a deemed licensee under the
Act and is required to file a petition under Section 62 of the Act for determination of tariff
by the appropriate Commission. To The distribution of electricity by KPT is limited to the
port area and it mainly supplies power to about 1600 domestic and commercial consumers
and for port operations.
Deendayal Port Authority itself carries out all major operations in the port, along with
another HT consumer carrying out part of the operations.
At present distribution system within DPT comprises of one 66 kV substation and fifteen
11 kV substations in the licensee area. DPT is receiving two lines of 66 kV power supply
from Anjar and second coming from FTZ.
66KV grid station is one of the very important power receiving and distribution centre
of Kandla Port. This substation is located on sports and surgical complex near cargo jetty.
The entire complex is spread over an area of approx 15. Marla, out of which 5 Marla have
been occupied by the grid substation comprising of switchyard, control room, compressor
room, battery room, 11KV switchgear room, stores and 16/25 Ton crane bay building. The
remaining area has been used for residential complex, rest houses, club cum dispensary
building, office building, security guard huts and garages etc.

4
2.2 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 66KV SUBSTATION
In fig shows the single-line diagram of a typical 66kv substation. Let’s explain the
main parts of it and how it actually works.
There are two 66kv incoming lines marks “ANJAR -KPT LINE” and “FTZ-KPT
LINE” connected to bus bar. Such an arrangement of two incoming lines is called
double circuit. Each line capacity of supply the ratated substation load.
(Figure 2.1- SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 66 KV SUBSTATION)
The double circuit arrangement increases the reliability of the system. In cases there
is a breakdown of one incoming line, the continuity of supply can be maintained
by the other line.
The sub-station has duplicate bus-bar system; one ‘main bus-bar’ and the other
spare bus- The incoming lines can be connected to either bus-bar with the help of
a bus-coupler which consists of a circuit breaker and isolators. The advantage of
double bus-bar system is that if repair is to be carried on one bus-bar, the supply
need not be interrupted as the entire load can be transferred to the other bus.
There is an arrangement in the sub-station by which the same 66 kV double circuit
supply is going out i.e. 66 kV double circuit supply is passing through the sub-
station. The outgoing 66 kV double circuit line can be made to act as incoming line.

There is also an arrangement to step down the incoming 66 kV supply to 11 kV by
two units of 3-phase transformers; each transformer supplying to a separate bus-
bar. Generally, one transformer supplies the entire sub-station load while the other
transformer acts as a standby If need arises, both the transformers can be called
upon to share the sub-station load. The 11 kV outgoing lines feed to the distribution
sub-stations located near consumers localities.
Both incoming and outgoing lines are connected through circuit breakers having
isolators on their either end. Whenever repair is to be carried over the line towers,
the line is first switched off and then earthed.
The potential transformers (P.T.) and current transformers (C.T.) and suitably
located for supply to metering and indicating instruments and relay circuits (not
shown in the figure). The P.T. is connected right on the point where the line is
terminated. The CTs are connected at the terminals of each circuit breaker.
The lightning arresters are connected near the transformer terminals (on H.T. side)
to pro-tect them from lightning strokes.
There are other auxiliary components in the sub-station such as capacitor bank for
power factor improvement, earth connections, local supply connections, d.c. supply
connections However, these have been omitted in the Key Diagram of Substation
for the sake of simplicity.
2.3 INSTRUMENTS USE IN 66KV SUB-STATION
2.3.1 LIGHTING ARRESTOR
2.3.2 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
2.3.3 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
2.3.4 ISOLATORS
2.5.5 LINE PROTECTIVE RELAY
2.3.6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
2.3.7 TRANSFORMER
2.3.8 CONTROL ROOM
2.3.9 CAPACITOR BANK

6
2.3.1 LIGHTING ARRESTOR
(fig 2.2 lighting Arrester)
➢ A lighting Arrester (also known as surge diverter or surge arrester) is a device
connected between line and earth, i.e., in parallel with the equipment to be
protected at substation from the damaging effects of lightning .
➢ The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal.
When a lightning surge (or switching surge, which is very similar) travels along
the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the
arrester, in most cases to earth.
➢ A lighting Arrester having meter box which indicates the Times of surge happen
on it.
➢ The 66 KV incoming line firstly connected with lighting Arrester. Lighting
Arresters are generally located on both the high an low side of a substation
transformer to protect it from strikes coming in either direction.
➢ The figure and symbol of lightning Arrester are shown below.
2.3.2 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
(fig 2.3 Potential transformer)

➢ Potential transformer are also called voltage transformer, are parallel connected
type of instrument transformer.
➢ PT needs to be connected in parallel because we need to measure the voltage.
➢ PT are used to transform High Voltage to Low Voltage with a high accuracy. The
output low voltage can be used for Voltage Metering, Control and Protection of
the High Voltage Network. VT also act as an isolation between the High Voltage
Network and the Monitoring Circuit.They are devices that measure the voltage in
a circuit. Like PTs are needed because the voltage in a circuit is much higher than
the relay can handle, so they step it down to a much lower level for the relay.
➢ The working of PT is similar to any conventional transformer. The electrical energy
is transferred between the primary & secondary winding through magnetic
induction. The alternating voltage at the primary generates alternating magnetic
flux in the transformer core.
2.3.3 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(Fig 2.4 current transformer)
➢ A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or
multiply an alternating current (AC).
➢ It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its
primary.
➢ Current transformers are the current-sensing units of the power system and are used
at generating stations, electrical substations, and in industrial and commercial
electric power distribution.
➢ When current in a circuit is too high to apply directly to measuring instruments, a
current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the
current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and
recording instruments. A current transformer isolates the measuring instruments
from what may be very high voltage in the monitored circuit. Current

8
transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the
electrical power industry.
2.3.4 ISOLATORS
(Fig 2.5 Isolator).
➢ The isolator is a mechanical switch which isolates a part of the circuit from the
system as when required. Electrical isolators separate a part of the system from rest
for safe maintenance works.
➢ Line isolator having handling box by its help we can open and close the isolator.
➢ Isolator provided earthing switch, because it is connected to incomer line., Direct
➢ Isolator locates in substation depending on different side
Bus Side Isolator: These are connected to the main buses in the substation.
Whenever there is a need for repair or replacement of any bus, they are operated.
Lineside Isolator: These are connected between the line and any feeder. A feeder
is a line that carries power from the Substation to the distribution system.
Transfer Bus Side Isolator: In an electrical system for reliability main or transfer
bus is used. In case the main bus side isolator is unavailable due to some
fault/maintenance transfer bus isolator is used. These are used in combination with
a circuit breaker.
2.5.5 LINE PROTECTIVE RELAY
➢ Relay is a sensor which sense the signal at abnormal condition and send that
abnormal condition to Circuit breaker, hence circuit breaker trip.
➢ A Relay is an electrically operated switch.
➢ Whenever the fault comes relays gives the tripping signal to circuit breaker
➢ Many relay use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other
operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relay.
➢ Relay are used where it is to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete
electrical isolation between the control and controlled circuits), or where several
circuits must be controlled by one signal.

2.3.6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
(Fig 2.6 SF6 C.B)
➢ Sulphur hexafluoride types of circuit breaker are used in substation
➢ Sulphur hexafluoride circuit breakers protect electrical power stations and
distribution systems by interrupting electric currents, when tripped by a protective
relay. Instead of oil, air, or a vacuum, a sulphur hexafluoride circuit breaker uses
sulphur hexafluoride.
➢ Which is installed at line side and other installed at transformer side
➢ Normally in SF6 C.B gas pressure must be above 5kg/cm*cm. If it goes below 5
then breather will lock.
➢ Sulphur hexafluoride circuit breakers may be used as self-contained apparatus in
outdoor air-insulated substations or may be incorporated into gas-insulated
switchgear which allows compact installations at high voltages.
➢ In SF6 circuit breaker, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as the arc quenching
medium. The SF6 is a electro-negative gas and has a strong tendency to absorb free
electrons.
➢ The contacts of the breaker are opened in a high -pressure flow of SF6 gas and an
arc is struck between them.
➢ The conducting free electrons in the arc are rapidly captured by the gas to form
relatively immobile negative ions.
➢ This loss of conducting electrons in the arc quickly builds up enough insulation
strength to extinguish the arc.
➢ The SF6 circuit breakers have been found to very effective for high power and high
voltage service.

10
2.3.7 TRANSFORMER
(Fig 2.7 Transformer of 10mva at DPT)
➢ Power transformer is the main electrical used in the sub-station for changing the
voltage from that of incoming supply so that of outgoing distribution feeder.
➢ The winding are placed in the oil tank and immersed in the transformer oil for
cooling the winding by circulating oil. The power transformer is used for step up
or step down, voltage. The supply circuited is connected to the terminal of primary
winding and outgoing distribution feeder terminals are connected to secondary
winding through insulator bushing mounted on the side of transformer.
➢ In 66KV/11KV sub-station, DPT have two power transformer areused. The
primary and secondary winding of these transformers connect in delta-star
connection. In this sub-station 66KV/11KV transformer are used, two transformers
are use in there T1 & T2. The capacities of these transformers are T1 is 10MVA &
T2 is 6.3MVA.
2.3.7.1 PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
1. CONSERVATOR
(Fig 2.8 conservator)

It is used generally to conserve the insulating properties of the oil from
deterioration and protect the transformer against failure on account of bad quality
of oil. These are also sometimes known as expansion vassal meant for provided
adequate space for expansion of oil than ambient temperature changes. It is a small
tank. The main tank is completely filled with transformer oil but conservator
partically filled with transformer oil
➢ Bushings :- Bushing are made for highly insulating
material to insulate and to bring out the terminals of the transformer form the
container.
➢ Oil gauge :- Every transformer is provided with on oil gauge to indicate the
oil level.
2. BREATHER
(Fig 2.9 Breather)
The breather is used to prevent entey of moisture is used to prevent entry of
moisture inside the transformer tank. The breather constant of silica gel. When air
is taken in ao take out of the transformer due to contraction or expension of oil in
tank the silica gel absorbs moisture and allows the air free from moisture and allow
the free from moisture to enter the transformer
3. BUCHHOLZ RELAY
(Fig 2.10 Buchholz Relay )

12
It’s a gas actuated relay used for protecting oil immersed transformer against all
type of faults. This relay installed in the pipe connecting the conservator to the
main tank. The buchholz relay consist of an oil tight container with mercury switch.
One of the mercury switch is attached to the upper float which close the alarm
circuit.
4. RADIATOR
(Fig 2.11 Radiator )
In large capacity transformer radiators are used for cooling. When an electrical
transformer is loaded, the current starts flowing through it’s windings. Due to this
flowing of electric current, heat is produced in the windings, this heat ultimately
rises the temperature of transformer oil. We know that the rating of any electrical
equipment depends upon its allowable temperature rise limit. Hence, if the
temperature rise of the transformer insulating oil is controlled, the capacity or
rating of transformer can be extended up to significant range.
5. On-load tap changer (OLTC)
(Fig 2.12 OLTC)

By using it tranformer’s HV side’s tap can change There is HV side tap change
facilities is provided in step down transformer only.
(OLTC), also known as On-circuit tap changer (OCTC), is a tap changer in
applications where a supply interruption during a tap change is unacceptable, the
transformer is often fitted with a more expensive and complex on load tap changing
mechanism.
6. BUSHINGS
(Fig 2.13 high voltage bushing)
In electric power, a bushing is a hollow electrical insulator that allows an electrical
conductor to pass safely through a conducting barrier such as the case of a
transformer or circuit breaker without making electrical contact with it. Bushings
are typically made from porcelain; though other insulating materials are also used.
2.3.8 CONTROL ROOM
(Fig 2.14 Control Room)
➢ Bus voltages and frequencies, line loading, transformer loading, power factor, real
and reactive power flow, temperature, etc. . The various supervision, control and
protection functions are performed in the substation control room.

14
➢ The relays, protection and control panels are installed in the controlled room. These
panels along with PC aids in automatic operation of various circuit breakers, tap
changers, autoreclosers, sectionalizing switches and other devices during faults and
abnormal conditions.
➢ The automated substation functioning can be treated as integration of two
subsystem, as discussed below
(A)CONTROL SYSTEM
The task of control system in a substation including data collection, scanning, event
reporting and recording; voltage control , Power control, frequency control, other
automatic and semi-automatic control etc.
The various switching actions like auto reclosing of line circuit breakers, operation
of sectionalizing switches, on-load tap changers are performed by remote command
from control room. The other sequential operations like load transfer from one bus
to another, load shedding etc. are also taken care by control center.
(B) PROTECTIVE SYSTEM
The task of protective system includes sensing abnormal condition, alarm,
automatic tripping, back-up protection, Protective signalling.
The above two systems work in close co-operation with each other. Most of the
above functions i.e. automatic switching sequences, sequential event recording,
compiling of energy and other reports, etc. are integrated in software in the
substation computer. This software is of modular design, which facilitates addition
of new functions.

15
2.3.9 CAPACITOR BANK
(fig 2.15 capacitor bank)
➢ capacitor banks provide stable voltage level, reactive power support, and
increasing power transfer capability in the power system. They are also
used to compensate for the losses in transmission systems. A capacitor
bank is used for reactive power compensation and power factor correction in the
power substations. Capacitor banks are mainly used to enhance the electrical supply
quality and enhance the power systems efficiency.
➢ As the name implies, a capacitor bank is merely a grouping of several capacitors of
the same rating. Capacitor banks may be connected in series or parallel, depending
upon the desired rating. As with an individual capacitor, banks of capacitors are
used to store electrical energy and condition the flow of that energy.
➢ Uses of a Capacitor Bank
Capacitor banks act as a source of local reactive power and thus less reactive power
flow through the line. By using a capacitor bank, the power factor can be maintained
near to unity. Improving power factor is the process of reducing the phase difference
between voltage and current.
➢ Capacitor bank is usually controlled by the microprocessor based device called power
factor regulator. Beside, segment installation practice demands protection for capacitor
banks. In this case, capacitor banks are connected to the busbars, which supply a group of
loads. No billing of reactive energy.

Project ID – 243722 11kv indoor substation
CHAPTER 3
11kv INDOOR SUBSTATION
3.1 Introduction of 11kv s/s
➢ DPT have 11kv/433V indoor distribution substation.
➢ A sub-station in which the apparatus is equipped inside the substation building is called
indoor substation.
(Fig 3.1 indoor transformer at DPT)
➢ The indoor sub-station of DPT is subdivided into several components like control
compartment, indicating and metering instruments and protective device compartment
main bus-bar compartment, current transformer and cable sealing box compartment
The high voltage supply is given to the primary of the transformer through a circuit
breaker. From the bus bar, various feeders emerge out. The panel on each feeder
consists of an isolator switch and a circuit breaker. In addition to isolator and circuit
breaker, the panel also provided the measuring instrument.
The accessories of the indoors type substations are a storage battery, fire fighting equipment
such as water, buckets, and fire extinguisher, etc., The battery is used for the operation of
protective gear and switching operating solenoids and emergency lighting in substations in
the case of failure of supply.
➢ DPT having 2 transformer which are connected in parallel.
➢ Advantages of Parallel operation of Transformers
➢ The parallel operation has mainly the following advantages.

1. Maximize electrical power system efficiency
The transformer operates at almost its full efficiency when it operates at full load. If
we run numbers of transformers in parallel, we can switch on only those transformers
which will give the total demand by running nearer to its full load rating for that time.
When load increases, we can switch on one by one other transformer connected in
parallel to fulfill the total power demand. This way we can run the system with
maximum efficiency.
2. Maximize electrical power system Stability
It is possible to take a transformer for maintenance if all the transformers run in parallel,
thus the other parallel transformers in the system will deliver the load without total
interruption of power.
3. Maximize electrical power system Flexibility
The total connected load can be increased or decreased according to the dynamic load
scenario. If the load increases in the future, one more transformer can be installed and
it can be run in parallel with the existing transformers to cater to the total load
requirement.
3.2 CONNECTIONS OF INDOOR SUBSTATION AT DPT
1. The 3-phase, 3-wire 11 kV line is tapped and brought to the gang operating switch installed near
the sub-station. The G.O. switch consists of isolators connected in each phase of the 3-phase line.
2. From the G.O. switch, the 11 kV line is brought to the indoor sub-station of DPT Throught
underground cable. It is fed to the H.T. side of the transformer (11 kV/433 V) via the 11 kV O.C.B. The
transformer steps down the voltage to 400 V, 3-phase, 4-wire.
3. The secondary of transformer supplies to the bus-bars via the main O.C.B. From the bus-bars, 400
V, 3-phase, 4-wire supply is given to the various consumers via 433 V O.C.B. The voltage between any
two phases is 433 V and between any phase and neutral it is 230 V. The single phase residential load
is connected between any one phase and neutral whereas 3-phase, 400 V motor load is connected
across 3-phase lines directly.
Now this lines get distributed at various consumer side like cargo jetty area ,at mobile towers , at
oil jetty area and distributed at offices of DPT.
3.3 RMU (RING MAIN UNIT) RELAY
➢ A RMU relay are installed at the DPT indoor sub-station.

➢ A ring main unit (RMU) is a factory assembled, metal enclosed set of switchgear used
at the load connection points of a ring-type distribution network.
(Fig 3.2 RMU Relay)
➢ It is a complete Switchgear in itself. A complete Switchgear means, assembly of
required switching devices, protection device as well as metering device. RMU of
different voltage (mostly 12 kV and 24 kV) and current ratings are available. Indoor
as well as outdoor types of Ring Main Units are available.
➢ It controls the circuit to switch functions. Isolation: It isolates the faulty equipment
from the rest of the circuit. Protection: It protects the circuit from ground-fault current,
short-circuits current fault, and overload.
➢ Ring Main Unit comprises of one incomer feeder and one or more outgoing feeder.
The incomer feeder is either Vacuum Circuit Breaker or SF6 Circuit Breaker with
associated Disconnect Switch and Earth Switch. This incomer feeder is given with the
provision of bushing protruding from the enclosure of RMU for supply cable
connection
➢ Outgoing feeder comprises of Load Break Switches with associated Disconnect Switch
and Earth Switch. Provision for cable connection is provided in outgoing feeder. The
Load Break Switch is nothing but an isolator having the capability of breaking the
circuit during on load condition.
➢ The incomer as well as outgoing feeders are enclosed in an SF6 environment as to
make the design compact. Compatible instrument for monitoring of SF6 gas pressure
is mounted on the Ring Main Unit, RMU to monitor the gas pressure. The scale of this
instrument is divided into three or more sub scales for different temperature. Further,
each sub scale is having green and red colored zone. For a particular temperature, one
should refer the appropriate sub scale and the gas pressure should be within the green
colored zone. Mechanical indicators are provided on the panel for Breaker, Disconnect
Switch and Earth Switch status.

Project ID – 242381 Cargo Handling Equipment
19
CHAPTER 4
CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT
4.1 TYPES OF HANDLING CRANE USED IN PORT
DPT handles a variety of cargo ranging from Bulk Cargo like Coal, Grain, Fertilizer,
Minerals, Ores, Steel, Edible Oils, Chemicals, and Petroleum Products to Container Cargo,
Automobiles and Crude Oil.
➢ Types of crane used in DPT
(1) 12 Wharf Cranes (ELL) of the following capacities:
❖ 2Crane of 12 Tons of capacity
❖ 4crane of 16 Tons of capacity
❖ 6crane of 25 Tons of capacity
(2) Mobile Harbour Cranes (MHC)
❖ 02 of MHCs of 63 Tons having maximum radius of 41 meters and,
❖ 02 of MHCs of 120 Tons having maximum radius of 51 meters.
(3) Private Mobile Crane, Floting Crane, Barges available.
(4) Weighbridges
❖ Total 17 nos. Weighbridges inside the port, which includes:
❖ 100ns Pitless Type Road Weigh Bridge – 14 nos.
❖ 100ns Pit Type weight Bridge – 03 nos.

20
4.2 Introduction about Electrical Level Luffing Crane (ELL)
(Fig 4.1 Electrical level luffing crane)
A level-luffing crane is a crane mechanism where the hook remains at the same level while
luffing; moving the jib up and down, so as to move the hook inwards and outwards relative
to the base.
Usually the description is only applied to those with a luffing jib that have some additional
mechanism applied to keep the hook level when luffing.
Level-luffing is most important when careful movement of a load near ground level is
required, such as in construction or shipbuilding. This partially explains the popularity of
fixed horizontal jibs in these fields.
As cranes and their control systems became more sophisticated, it became possible to
control the level of luffing directly, by winching the hoist cable in and out as needed. The
first of these systems used mechanical clutches between luffing and hoist drums, giving
simplicity and a "near level" result.
Later systems have used modern electronic controls and quickly reversible motors with
good slow-speed control to the hoist winch motors, so as to give a positioning accuracy of
inches. Some early systems used controllable hydraulic gearboxes to achieve the same
result, but these added complexity and cost and so were only popular where high accuracy
was needed, such as for shipbuilding.
This Electrical level luffing (ELL) are needed 400kv supply to operate .
The applications of these cranes are loading and unloading at port, material handling at
dock yard.

21
They mainly including lifting mechanism , spreader device (grab, hook), electrical
equipment and other aiding devices for safety .
The applied rigid rack and screw level luffing mechanism make sure a constant working
state.
4.3. PARTS OF EEL
(Fig 4.2 Crane parts)
Parts
1. Boom 10. Mechanical house
2. Cabin 11
3. Slewing mechanism 12 boom balancing system
4. Crane cable reels device 13 lugging mechanism
5. Crane Rails and Wheels 14 spreader cabel reel device
6. Portal 15 hook
7. Cylinder 16 spreader
8. Rotating platform 17 grab
9. Electrical house
4.4 POWER SUPPLY IN ELL
➢ 415 V, 50 Hz. three phase power supply will be arranged and made available by DPT at
suitable location in the underground pit at the centre of the berth wharf/jetty for the
crane proposed. The suitable design for the pit including the components shall be
provided by the successful bidder, with the power cable guiding systems/ arrangements,
safety items, sensing systems in the ground and also in the crane.

22
➢ An isolation device (MCCB or ACB) with junction boxes (SS Material) having IP protection
Class IP 56 shall be provided at berth pit for taking the supply for the crane from the
main incoming supply , same shall be included along with the supply of crane.
➢ All electronic and electrical equipment shall be adequately protected from the effects
of multiple transient voltages, either in the power supply itself or from lightning strikes
etc. Screen and armored cable, lightning arrestor, surge protectors, isolation of signal
and power cables, separate power and signal earthing system, etc. to be used. The
Contractor shall provide full details of the protection system(s) to be installed during
detailed design stage.
➢ Lightning arrestors shall be provided at the upper extremities of the crane
(Fig 4.3 Rail and wheels)
➢ The crane structure shall be electrically bonded to the rail. Use of the long travel
bogies and wheels as the conduction path is not permitted. Contractor shall provide
full details of the system. The rail and motor are shown in fig
➢ All power distribution cables employed on the crane shall be of adequate size as per
calculations and grade with approved insulation and sheathing
4.5 CABALS & WIRES OF ELL
➢ All cables used shall be copper and minimum size of power cable shall be 2.5 sq
mm. All fixed cables, power and control cables, operating at > 110V shall be
armoured type. All fixed control cables operating at < 110V shall be
armoured/shielded type. Signaling cables shall be screened type or as recommended
by OEM of field signaling Device. Multicore cables shall be used in all cases.
➢ All conduits (rigid or flexible) and trunking shall be watertight and continuous,
providing protection to the entire length of the cables and positioned, such that they
are protected from accidental damages.

23
➢ Every cable shall be properly marked on both sides. They shall be done permanently
by hot stamping the identifications on to PVC sleeves. The marking of the cables
as per manufacturer‘s standard proven design is also acceptable. The numbering of
the cables shall be systematic such that maintenance staff can easily identify the
location, function or electrical system of a cable through the number.
➢ 20% of spare controls cables shall be provided, properly marked and terminated at
spare connector or terminal blocks through out the crane.
4.6 Electric Motors used in ELL
(fig 4.4 squirrel cage motor)
➢ All motors shall be AC squirrel cage, 415V, 50Hz, copper wound induction motors
suitable for speed control by variable voltage variable frequency drive.
➢ The electric motors fitted to the crane motion drives shall comply with relevant
Indian standards/IEC. All motion motors shall be suitable for operating with VVVF
drives and frequency shall be 50Hz. All motors for motion shall be IP55, Class F,
S3 duty. CDF of motor shall be 60% for all motions. If different duty and CDF is
required as per design codes, standards and classification, the same shall be used.
All motors shall be of the totally enclosed type. Cooling shall be provided by
separate external fan or by integral fan depending on rating and duty. Irrespective
of IP grading, all motors located outside shall have protective covers. Winding
temperature detector &over temperature protection and anti-condensation heater
shall be provided for main motors. Main motor means that the motors used for main
motion such as all hoisting, luffing, slewing and travelling. Over current and earth
fault protection shall be ensured for all motors.
➢ The hoist motors shall be capable of withstanding an over speed of 15%.
➢ All motors shall have their windings suitably impregnated to withstand tropical
duties and to insulation Class F suitable for variable frequency variable voltage
drives.

24
4.7 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
(Fig 4.5 of Electrical house and panal)
➢ The main machinery house shall be suitably ventilated. The Operator Cabin and
electrical rooms where PLC and drive panels are installed shall be air conditioned.
Industrial type air conditioners shall be used. The temperature shall be adjustable
between 18°C to 26 °C. The cooling capacity shall be based on full load conditions
and for an outside maximum ambient temperature of 45 °C under full sun radiation
and an outside maximum humidity of 98
➢ Heat load calculations shall be submitted for approval during detailed design stage.
The crane heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems shall be part of the lighting
and auxiliary circuits, and thus independent of the main machineries. Industrial air
conditioners shall be provided for electrical room (E-Room) only. For the crane
operator‘s cabin, conventional / general air conditioners shall be provided.

Project ID – 243722. Cargo handling equipment
25
4.8 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
(Fig 4.6 PLC)
➢ The PLC shall handle all crane control functions except the emergency stop and utility
circuits. PLC shall be capable to handle Digital I/Os and Analog I/Os. There shall be a
minimum of 25% spare I/Os (digital and analog) available on the system itself after
successful commissioning of the crane. Make and model of the PLC shall be mentioned
in the technical bid.
➢ All components of the PLC‘s shall be suitable for extended industrial use within the
particular operating and climatic environment applicable to this crane. Power failure
protection shall be provided to ensure continued safe operation. UPS (Minimum 4 Hr
rating) shall also be provided for PLC, drive control unit and HMI. The PLC I/O ports shall
have provision for adding additional I/O in the future. In this regard, spare I/O slots shall
be available in the system.
➢ The PLC‘s shall be provided with programming and monitoring facilities for maintenance
and fault logging. Self-diagnostic capability shall be incorporated in PLC both on line
during operation and when powered up. All faults shall be visually displayed and
signaled by the sounding of an audible alarm, with mute facility, within the operator‘s
cabin. There shall be provision for data storage facility, data transfer facility with open
protocol to the laptop (crane supplier‘s scope) from PLC room and Operator‘s cabin

Project ID – 243722. Cargo handling equipment
26
4.9 HMI (Human Machine Interface)
(Fig 4.7 HMI Display)
➢ HMI: Size of the HMI monitor shall be minimum of 15inches (diagonal) and shall be
provided as a touch screen system in Operator‘s cabin. HMI shall be capable to
communicate with the PLC processor in open protocol and capable to handle all I/Os
including analogue ones
➢ Mimic panel of the crane shall be considered in the master display and subsequent
screens shall be linked to the same for intuitive operation of the operator
ergonomically from the seat. HMI shall be positioned suitably for the same. Alarms
and fault history, operational status of machineries, all interlocks including limit
switches, temperature of drive and PLC room, Operator room, anemometer speed,
drive status-e.g. Current, speed, voltage and failure etc. shall be displayed in HMI.
Prior to the testing of the crane, screen details shall be shared to COPT/ ICG for
suggestions and any such suggestions from COPT/ ICG shall be incorporated in the
system without any omiss and without any price implication. Finalization of screen
presentation and list of items for display are the sole right of COPT/ ICG and shall be
complied in full by the crane supplier.

Project ID - 242381 CONCLUSION
27
CONCLUSION
After completing my 15 days of summer internship in 66kv s/s, 11kv s/s and
at cargo area site at DPT. I got to know The purpose of a substation is to ‘step
down’ high voltage electricity from the transmission system to lower voltage
electricity so it can be easily supplied to homes and businesses in the area
through lower voltage distribution lines. And at cargo jetty area I got to know
about all the equipment which are used at port. I had seen Various types of
electrical cranes which are used in handling equipment of port.

Project ID - 242381 Reference
28
REFERENCES
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandla
• https://www.voceanship.com/port/kandla-port-information-
deendayal-port
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_luffing_crane#:~:text=A%20le
vel%2Dluffing%20crane%20is,outwards%20relative%20to%20the
%20base.
• https://gruasyaparejos.com/en/port-crane/types-of-cranes-used-in-
ports/
• https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/equipment-distribution-
substation
• https://circuitglobe.com/indoor-substation.html

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