Research Methodology Literature review

3/8/2021
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Training Workshop :Research Methodology
(08th – 13th March 2021)
MGM Allied Health Sciences Institute (MAHSI)
MGM Medical College-Indore (M.P.)
Patron : Dr.D.K. Taneja, Founder Director-MAHSI
Co-ordinator :
Dr.Sneha Joshi, Assoc.Prof.- MAHSI
Convener:
Dr.Mrs.P.Taneja, Retd. Prof.& Head,
Physiology
dr.ramhariphysio@gmail.com
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3 dr.ramhariphysio@gmail.com 4 dr.ramhariphysio@gmail.com
5 dr.ramhariphysio@gmail.com 6 dr.ramhariphysio@gmail.com

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MAHSI – VISION
 Provide global standards skilled health care professionals to
the nation
 Enhance health services for faster growing country
 Reach global standards in allied health care by 2023
7 dr.ramhariphysio@gmail.com
MAHSI – MISSION
 Allied health professionals support to various hospitals of
MGM Medical College & associated hospitals society
 To become allied health partner in projects of MGM MC like
super- specialty hospital, center for excellence (Eye) , dentistry assistant
etc.
 To provide qualified allied health professional for newly
opening 10 medical colleges in M.P. state
 To enhance allied health services in critical care, diagnostics ,
curative and rehabilitative health sectors
 To provide variety of allied health courses for ambitious youngster for the
country and abroad as their carrier opportunities
MAHSI – STRATEGIES
 Plan & create new courses according to global health needs
 Collaborate with various foreign universities / institutes
Development of clinical & Research exchange
programme
 Exchange programme for faculties & Students
 Rural training for all students to support health care services in
periphery
 Organize various awareness , educational , evaluation & training
camp for community
“Leader of allied health training in central India”
I keep six serving men,
They taught me all I
knew;
Their names are What
and Why and When,
And Where and How and
Who. – Rudyard Kipling
 Research is key to our long-term position. – Bill Gates
 Failing to plan is planning to fail . – Allen Lakein
What are the requirements for a
successful research career?
Motivation and innate interest in the topic of his
research pursuit are the requirements for a
successful research career. If a person takes the
research not by compulsion but by his own
choice, then he will not feel it as a burden but
pursue it as a hobby. Science is at its best when
it is a part of a way of life - this is the inscription
that is found on the foundation stone of Institute
of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai and truly
describes the correct aptitude for a successful
research career.
Eminent Scientist
Professor V. Devanathan
Univ. of Madras
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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Literature Review
 An objective, Concise , critical
summary of published
research literature relevant to
a topic being researched in an
article
Review of Related Literature :
Need & Importance
 A source of Research Question
 Establishing a theoretical context
and rationale of study
 Understanding what has already
been done ( What, When,
Where,Who, How)
 Methods & instrumentation
 Assumptions & Limitations
Second opinion is necessary
EBP
Quality of Good Literature Review
 Order articles & books to focus on unresolved debates ,
inconsistencies, tension and questions in a research field
 Summarize the most relevant important aspects of
scientific literature related to your area of research
 Synthesize past and current research on the topics and
show how your research fits in.
Literature Review should include -
1. Historical background of research
2. Current research context –questions, issues, debates etc.
(showing the trends in development of research)
3. Relevant theories & concepts
4. Definition of Relevant terminology
5. Research (your) work expands on /or gaps that your work
fills
6. Supporting evidences for practical problem issues

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Types of Literature Review
Selective Comprehensive
Stand alone work
Part of Broader work
Journal Studies/ Articles
Course Assignments
Dissertation/ Thesis
Literature
Analysis(Review)
Literaturereview can take different forms and serve slightly different purposes
Primary & Secondary Sources
 Index , Abstracts and
databases
 Index medicus
 Bibliography of medical
reviews
 Hospital Literature Index
 Books, Monographs,
Yearbooks
 Journals, Dissertations,
Thesis
Categorization of review of related literature
 Trend Reports : How to write
 Name, Year, Objective(s)
 Hypothesis(es)
 Sample (Size, methods/Techniques,sampling)
 Tool (name, reliability and Validity)
 ExperimentalDesign (Name, Treatment duration, methods of control )
 StaticallyTechnique, Findings
Do’s & Don’ts
 While reviewing , keep constantly in mind your objectives
 Prepare a bibliographic card for each book/article that seems
relevant to your study
 Begin with examining the more recent of the important studies
in the area
 Don’t rely too heavily on the secondary sources
 Don’t concentrate only on findings rather concentrate on
methods, tools, procedure, data analysis too
 First go through the summary of the articles
Never carry out research , if findings are generalized
Read every day something
No one else is reading
Think every day something
No one else is thinking
It is bad for the Mind
to be always part of
unanimity

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Literature back up related to
Research Topic
I : Specific purpose served
II : Locating, selecting & utilizing- sources
III : Organizing related literature collected
Specific purpose served
- Important step of research process
To plan systematic study
To find reasons & solutions
Need & Purpose
 To acquaint with current knowledge in the field or
area of interest
 Research is Extension of thinking and Investigation
that has gone before it
 The Research contributes to the knowledge and
stimulates further Research
 Review of Literature, is standard and essential
component of every research
Aims - Specific purpose served by review
Extensive and Systematic Examination of
Resources in Specific area of research problem
 To discover
What has been studied
 What is known and what is not
 Used for planning and interpretation of study
What does a Researcher get from review?
Existing knowledge regarding his topic
Whether others have investigated
similar/variables/parameters/ methods
/ Result
 Update of both conceptual & research material & latest
research trends related to problem.

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Functions of Review of Literature
 Initial source of research questions and ideas
 Establish a theoretical context and rationale of study.
 Understanding what has been done regarding
 Variables studied,
 Problems addressed.
 Populations or Geographic region studied
 It helps in avoiding unnecessary replication and modifying it;
to move ahead.
 It enable researcher to define the limits of his field, also delimit &
define his problem.
Use of Review of literature :
1. Help to define & redefine- statement of research problem as well as
aims/objectives
2. Useful to identify & fix study variables and conceptualize their
relations & possibilities in the study.
3. Helps in selection & formulation of
 Research Hypothesis
 Methodology
 Materials & Methods
4. Help to find out – what others have reported
 on same topic –(similarities & differences)
 what fields are untouched- to be searched more.
Use of Review of literature :
5.Help in giving authenticity of:
 our work
 Our observations
 Our results
by supporting older references
6. Help to familiarize with various methods that might be useful
in research
7. According to older studies-
 Newer Demands/ changes and targeting a specific group area
we can modulate our research motive.
USES: Methods and instrumentation
Researcher know useful tools & instruments from other studies:
 Difficulties experienced, Steps to avoid
 Variables and concepts defined by them
 Approaches successfully
 Research Strategies & Scale of measurements
 Techniques - statistics and Comparison
USES: Determining Potential for successful outcome
oTo attain objectives
oPrevent wastage of time and efforts & money
towards unsuccessful outcome
oTo Choose alternative: approaches /questions
measurement / devices & target population ; if
previous studies show poor reliability and
variability
Previous studies Plans -
Assumptions and Limitations of Study
 Provide validity for scientific assumptions for
conclusions there by validity to research outcome
 And potential effects of limiting factors in
discussion of article

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Scope of Review of Literature
o Researcher's familiarity with the topic
o How much research has been done in that area
o How many relevant references available
o One must select References (from journal, abstracts, reports), those
are relevant, With same/similar variables-from updated
classical work (Quoted much) . Even contradictory to
our topic but relevant
How much Extensive Review I s necessary depends on-
Phases of Review of Literature
1. Preliminary Phase- for General
Understanding in area of interest
2. Extensive Detailed phase- for deep
understanding of all that has been
preceded
Important Steps For Review
 Understand how to utilize Resources Library/Data
base/internet
 Understand how Libraries organize their collections
 Basic knowledge of Bibliography and Research
Material
 How to use Medical Oriented Websites/e-libraries
 Search download, printout, subscribe email contacts.
IDENTIFICATION OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Locating, selecting & utilizing- sources
Types of Sources of information
 Primary Sources - Report/Document by Author (Research
Article/Abstract / oral presentation/publicationin reputed Journals/Diary/
interview/eye witness)
 Secondary Sources- Review Article, Studies by other than
Author. (Less relevant, less accurate Insufficient and biased).
 Both Primary and secondary sources are important as
secondary sources provide references of primary sources
 Secondary source more useful for bibliography for primary
source.
Strategies to use Sources
 Library :- Department/ Institution/university and National Medical
Library (Ansari Nagar Delhi)
- Contact reference Librarian
- Use Cards, Catalogues of books in Library
 Use Bibliographies & References – At the end of books & Journals
 Use Special Material –
 Reputed Journals
 Periodicals
 News-Letters
 Year books & Reference Books
 StatisticalReports
Library skills required- Library seeking guidelines should be acquainted

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Library Classification System:
(I) Dewey Decimal (DDC)
System-(numbers001-999.99)
• Uses 10 main Subject Categories
• Used by medium to small Libraries
(II) Library Congress (LC) System-
-21 Broad Subject Category
- used letter of alphabet (I,O,W,X &Y are
not used) for principle headings &
numerals for sub grouping
(III) Superintendent of Document
System (SuDocs) - Grouped by
issuing agency
Way of systematicplacement & location of books
CARD-CATALOGUES : Index Cards in Library
Features of card catalogue
- First source of getting related literature
material
- Contain details about- Author, Subject,
Title
- Arranged alphabetically – according to 1st
word of card
- All works of an author is filled
alphabetically by titles under his surname
- To find publication of author in card
catalogue, One should know –
1. Name & Surname of author
2. Title of study
Information Provided by card
A. Name & surname of Author
(specific identification)
B. Title of book/ Journals
C. Place of publication &
publisher
D. Date of publication
E. Number of pages & other
information
To get photocopy or print materialor email- we have give above whole information&
specificationwe want from page to page.
Date of publication – give regency of information
Name of author / publisher –give authenticity& reliability
Call number ( at left corner of card)- give information to locate the prescribed book
in library shelves
How to read Information from call number
First letter :- 3 of 322 denote
000-Medicine,100-Surgery,200-Obs & Gyn.
,300-PSM,400-Pathology,500-Physiology
Second letter :- 2 of 322 denote
300-Epidemiology,310-Enviromental, 320-
Sociology, 330-Nutrition,340-Health
Education
Third letter give further subdivision
320-Principles of Society,321-Family,322-
Society,323-Community,324-Demography
Thus In 322 3 for PSM-next 2 for Sociology &
Last 2 for Society.
Key to locate books in library shelf
322 : Society –Divyesh Kothari-
Role of Society in Health &
Disease-Paras Publisher
Hyderabad- 1982,133-138
Bibliographies and References
 At the end of Books and Articles of
Journals/thesis.
 Use to locate name & address of
person/ periodics /publisher &
organization
Special Materials
 Reputed Journals & abstract
 Periodicals( best source of recent research)
 News letters, Year books and Reference books.
 Statistical Reports/dictionary/ diary/ directory
 Bibliography
 Thesis & dissertations
 Computer generated research material
 Pamphlets, govt., documents, monograph

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Indexes & Bibliography
 Provide Bibliography of
Articles, Books, medical
review, Conferences
proceeding, gives Author
Name, title-date & pages
 Title, Journal, Date, and Pages .
 Learn how to visualize and
utilize indexes
 Examples of Indexes
 Index Medicus :
Most widely used
 Exerpta medica(Hospital
Literature Index)
 International/Nursing index
Electronic Libraries
 Now established in every research institute
 E-Book
 E-Lecture
 E-Journals
Computer based literature search
 Pubmed
 Medlab
 Medline
 CINAHL
 PeDro
- References also
available in
database of
computer search on
websites
Databases:
 Pubmed
 Medline
 SCOPUS
 CINHAL
 EMBASE
 SPORTdiscus
 Sciencedirect
 PeDro
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/journal/Physio
therapy_Research_International
Journal indexed by MEDLINE
 Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
 American Journal of Sports Medicine
 Brain Injury
 Clinics in Chest Medicine
 Clinics in Sports Medicine
 Developmental Neurorehabilitation
 Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
 Disability and Rehabilitation
 Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology
 Ergonomics
 European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
 Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
 Gait and Posture
 Health Care for Women International
 Healthcare for Women International
 Hip International
 Hong Kong Medical Journal
 Human Movement Science
 Human Movement Science
 Indian Journal of Medical Sciences
 Injury Prevention
 International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance
 International Journal of Injury Prevention and Safety
Promotion
 International Journal of Obesity
 International Journal of Pediatric Obesity
 International Journal of Sports Medicine
 International Journal of Sports Physiology and
Performance
 Joint Bone Spine
 Journal of Adolescence
 Journal of Adolescent Health
 Journal of Aging and Health
 Journal of Diabetes and its Complications
 Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology.
 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management.
 Journal of Pediatric Health Care.
 Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health
 Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community
 Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
 Movement Disorders

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 MultipleSclerosis Journal
 MusculoskeletalCare
 NeuromuscularDisorders
 Neurorehabilitation
 Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
 Obesity
 Pain Medicine
 Pain Practice
 Pediatrics International
 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Clinics of North America
 Physical Therapy (Phys Ther)
 PhysicalTherapy in Sport (Phys
Ther Sport)
 Research Quarterly for Exercise
and Sports
 ScandinavianJournal of Medicine
and Science in Sports
 Sports Medicine
 The Knee
 Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation
 Women and Health
 Women’s Health Issues
Journal indexed by MEDLINE
Journal indexed by SCOPUS
 ACSM’s Health and Fitness Journal.
 Acute Pain
 Advances in Medical Sciences
 American Journal of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
 Archives of Osteoporosis
 Biology of Sport
 Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy
 Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine
 Clinical Rehabilitation
 European Journal of Pain Supplements
 European Journal of Sport Science
 European Review of Aging and Physical Activity.
 Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
 Family and Community Health
 Foot and Ankle Clinics
 Foot and Ankle International
 International Journal of Adolescence and Youth
 International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries
 International Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
 Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness
 Journal of Men’s Health.
 Journal of Musculoskeletal Research
 Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
 Journal of Stroke and CerebrovascularDisease
 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
 Neurorehabilitationand Neural Repair.
 Obesity and Weight Management
 Obesity Research and Clinical Practice
 Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences
 Pain Research and Management
 Physical and Occupational Health in Geriatrics
 PhysiotherapySingapore
 Sports Biomechanics (International Society of
Biomechanics in Sports)
 Sports Medicine and ArthroscopyReview
 Strengthand Conditioning Journal
 The Foot
 The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
 The Open Pain Journal
Electronic E-materials for Literature
 May be purchased & projected in library
 Specialcameras are used to prepare material
e.g. Microfilm (microfiche-Reduction ration 24X, 98 pages), super fiche (reduction
ratio-75X 1000 pages), Ultra fiche ( Reduction ratio 150X 3200 pages)
Organizing related literature collected
Categorization of Review of Related
Literature- How to write
 Name, year, objectives
 Hypothesis
 Sample(size/method/technique of sampling)
 Tool (Name / reliability/validity)
 Experimental Design- Name-method of
 Control-Duration
 Statistical Techniques
 Findings
Recording the essential References material
 Arranging it in accordance to proposed out line of study
1. Recording reference information
2. Recording content of informative references
3. Prepare related Literature Report

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Recording reference information
 Record essential information on 3×5” index card(bibliography
card) for locating the material
 Wancour method of bibliography- Card should include
1. Name of author with last name first
2. Title of book or article
3. Name of publication(for article)
4. Name of publisher
5. Date of publication
6. Volume Number, Page Numbers & Library card
number for books.
Recording content of informative references
1. Arrange Bibliography cards according to location of materialin library
2. Make systematicReview of-materiallocated- in a specific section of library
3. All information likely to be used in final report should be recorded in 4”×6”=
content card
Information for Primary source should have
A. Authors last name
B. Brief title of report
C. Specificpage numbers on which information is located
D. Sentencestatement of problem
E. Brief description of study
F. Statementof findings /conclusions / both
G. A card code ( as a aspect of research to which material related)
 Provide brief bibliographic information
 Record only those statement related to some topic
 Para phrase – complete statement of most relevant ideas.
direct quotations it stated concisely & effectively.
 Place a page number & paragraph Number after each separate
statement indicating location
 Code of cards –in upper right hand corner
 (According to topic to which it most closely relates).
Recording content of informative references
(Tume & Robb 1971)
Preparation of related Literature Report
 Report of related literature prepared with help of card codes
after arranging bibliographic & content cards
 It should begin with introductory paragraph
 After this research should present studies most relevant to
each aspect of proposed problem outline
 Studies with similar & contradictory results to be reported
side by side without closing excessive space
Plagiarism
 Steal and pass off (the ideas or words of
another) as one's own
 Use (another's production) without crediting
the source
 Commit literary theft
 Present as new and original an idea or
product derived from an existing source
- Plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both
stealing someone else's work and lying about
it afterward.
65
https://www.duplichecker.com/
https://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker/
Thank You

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