All slides contains the basics, history .ISP,and Backbones of internet

1. Internet Architecture & Protocol
2016th
6-Eve-BSIT
Assignment Subject :
Internet Architecture & Protocol
Institute Name:
University of Education Okara, Campus
(Renala Khurd)
Truth ,The Ultimate and Virtue
Submitted by:
Muhammad
Yameen Shakir
3001
Zubair Yaseen
3005
Submitted to:
Mam.
Sobia
Lecturerin
(Computer
Science)
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2. Internet Architecture
Basics:
 The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected
computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the IP.
 It is a network of networks.
Internet architecture:
 It is by definition a meta-network, a constantly changing collection of
thousands of individual networks intercommunicating with a common protocol.
 A short form of the compound word "inter-networking.
 This architecture is based in the very specification of the standard TCP/IP
protocol.
 Designed to connect any two networks which may be very different in internal
hardware, software, and technical design.

3.  Internet Path
 An individual's access to the Internet is often from home over a modem to a
local Internet service provider who connects to a regional network connected
to a national network.
 Data Communication
 Data communication means exchange of between two or more devices via
some transmission media.
 Main component of data communication.
 Network Topology.

4.  Protocols
 Tcp and IP are the most important protocols of the internet.
 The Internet’s principal protocols are collectively knows as the TCP/IP
protocol suit.
 OSI LAYERS MODEL
1. Application Layer - Cables
2. Presentation Layer - Ethernet
3. Session Layer - IP
4. Transport Layer – TCP/UDP
5. Network Layer
6. Data Link Layer
7. Physical Layer.
 TCP/IP MODEL
 4 Layers
 4. Application Layer
 FTTP, HTTP
 3. Transport Layer
 TCP, VDP, SCTP
 2. Internet Layer
 ARP, RARP, ICMP, IGMP
 1. Network Interface layer.

5.  INTERNET LAYERS
 Packaging
 Addressing
 Routing
 IP ADRESS
 4 bytes
 e.g. 163.1.125.98
 ROUTING.
 A router receives chunk of information from one of its incoming
communication link and forwards it to one of its outgoing communication link.
 FIREWALL
 Provides perimeter defence

HISTORY
1960-1998
 1962: John Licklider a scientist at MIT, publishes a memorandum outlining a
“Galactic Network,” a globally interconnected set of computers to provide
access to data and programs from anywhere
 1969: ARPA net and BBN work to formulate Network Core Protocol
 1971: ARPA net’s Ray Tomlinson sends the first email message: “Testing 1-
2-3”
 1977: ARPA net has 100 hosts
 1983: Term “Internet” is coined, TCP/IP becomes the standard protocol
 1984: Domain Name Servers (DNS) are introduced, the Internet has 1,000
hosts
 1990: Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML and the WWW ARPA net shuts
down, the Internet has 300,000 hosts Archie, the first Search Engine is
developed at McGill University.
 1991: NSF lifts the ban on commercial network traffic, thereby opening the
doors to commerce
 1993: Mark Andreesen of NCSA introduces the Mosaic Browser
 1994: HTML 2 is released
 1995: AOL, Compuserve , and Prodigy provide Internet access
 1996: W3 introduces HTML 3.2
 1997: The Internet has 1.2 million web sites
 1998: HTML 4 is introduced, the Internet has 1.2 million web sites.

6. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER ISP
 refers to a company that provides internet services for personal and business
purpose
 It is the gateway to the internet and everything that you do online.
 important roles and functions of internet service providers
 Provide internet access to the user through dial up service DSL SERVICE,
and cellular data service.
 Internet Service Providers serve large companies by providing a direct
connection from the company’s network to the internet.
 Provides internet services like email, access to software tools, security service
and Web hosting.
 Few companies provide free ISP services that require internet occasionally.
 Internet Service Providers host sites for businesses and also build a website
themselves.
 Internet Service Providers act as a mediator between the user and internet.
 ISPs employa range of technologies to enable consumers to
connect to their network.
 Typical home user connection
 Dial-up
 DSL
 Broadband wireless access
 Cable Internet

7.  Typical business type connection
 DSL
 SHDSL
 Ethernet technologies
POPULAR ISP PROVIDERS

8. 
BACKBONES
 Internet is the backbone .
 The Internet backbone is formed by the biggest networks in the system,
owned by major Internet service providers (ISPs) such as GTE, MCI, Sprint,
and UUNet.
 By connecting to each other, these networks create a super-fast pipeline that
crisscrosses the United States and extends to Europe, Japan, mainland Asia,
and the rest of the world.


9. References:
 https://www.google.com.pk/search.
 www.internetArchitectute/protocol.com.
 www.wilkipedia.com.
 www.introduction/Architecture/protocols.se
condedditionByBehroaz A Frozen.