semen analysis is a battery of tests used in investigation of male infertility

1. SEMEN ANALYSIS

9. GUIDELINES FOR SEMEN COLLECTION NOT RECOMMENDED COLD/SUN EXPOSED SAMPLE 10 NOT RECOMMENDED SAMPLE DURING FEVER 9 NOT RECOMMENDED ORDINARY CONDOM 8 NOT RECOMMENDED COITUS INTERRUPTUS 7 ROOM TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 6 CLEAN,WIDE MOUTHED GLASS /PLASTICCONTAINER CONTAINER 5 MASTURBATION METHOD OF COLLECTION 4 2 – 4 WEEKS PERIOD BETWEEN 2 SAMPLES 3 TWO IF RESULT IS ABNORMAL NO. OF SAMPLES 2 > 2 AND < 7 DAYS(3-5 DAYS) ABSINENCE 1 RECOMMENDATIONS CRITERIA

10. SPERMIOGENESIS

11. THE NORMAL SPERMATOZOON

43. DEFINITION OF NORMAL SPERM < 20 % of head area Up to 4 Ambiguous 4) VACUOLES 4.5-5 u long,2.5-3.5 u wide .length/width = 1.5-1.75 3-5 u long, 2-3 u wide ( width = ½ -2/3 of length 3-5 u long, 2-3 u wide 4-5 u long, 2-3 u wide 3)SIZE 40-70 % of head surface >1/3 of head surface 40-70 % of head surface Approx.1/2 to 2/3 of head surface 2) ACROSOME Oval Oval Perfect oval, smooth border Oval HEAD 1) SHAPE WHO 3 rd WHO 2nd STRICT ASCP

44. DEFINITION OF NORMAL SPERM < 1/3 of head area < ½ of head area CD (cytoplasmic droplet 7 – 8 u LONG 7 – 8 u LONG LENGTH 1.5 X HEAD 5 u LONG 2) SIZE : LENGTH Axially attached Axially attached Axially attached Straight regular outline Straight regular outline Slender straight regular outline - MID PIECE 1) WHO 3 rd WHO 2 nd STRICT ASCP

45. DEFINITION OF NORMAL SPERM > Or =45 u long > 45 u long 10 x head 50 -55 u long 3)LENGTH Thinner than mid piece 1 u at base, 0.1 u at end 2) WIDTH Slender uncoiled ,regular outline Slender uncoiled ,regular outline Uniform size , uncoiled TAIL PIECE 1) WHO 3 rd WHO 2 nd STRICT ASCP

46. CATEGORIES DEFECTS Large -Small -Tapering -Amorphous -Double -Pyriform -Pin -Round -Vacuolated -Large -Small -Tapering -Amorphous -Double -Pyriform -Pin -Round BORDERLINE 1)NORMAL - Slight deviation from oval 2)ABNORMAL -Acrosome <40 %or >70 % of head area -Round head -Small head -Tapered head -Double head -Large head -Acrosomal abnormality -Post Acrosomal abnormality -bicephalic -Paired -Large head -Small head -Vacuolated HEAD WHO 3 rd WHO 2 nd STRICT ASCP

47. CATEGORIES DEFECT Multiple tails -Short tail -Broken tail’ -Hair pin -Coiled tail -Irregular width -Multiple tails -Short tail -Broken tail’ -Hair pin -Coiled tail -Irregular width ABNORMAL -All tail defects -Coiled tail -Curled tail -Multi tailed -Variation in length -Terminal droplet TAIL Abnormal size -Thickened -Bent tail -Missing tail -CD present -Abnormal size -Thickened -Bent tail -Missing tail -CD present BORDERLINE 1)NORMAL: -Slightly thick 2)ABNORMAL -Abnormal length -Very thick -CD present -Bent tail -Abnormal size -Thickened tail -Bent tail -Missing tail -CD present MIDPIECE WHO 3 rd WHO 2 nd STRICT ASCP

48. NORMAL SPERM

49. AMORPHOUS HEAD WIYH NORMAL MID PIECE & TAIL

50. NORMAL HEAD WITH MISSING TAIL

51. DOUBLE HEAD SPERM

52. LARGE HEAD WITH COILED TAIL

53. DOUBLE HEAD WITH COILED & DUPLICATE TAIL

54. LEFT = DEAD SPERM RIGHT = LIVE SPERM

55. AMORPHOUS HEAD WITH DUPLICATE TAIL

56. AMORPHOUS HEAD

57. AMORPHOUS HEAD WITH BENT TAIL

58. LARGE HEAD WITH COILED TAIL

59. TAPERING HEAD WITH CYTOPLASMIC DROPLET

60. SPERMIOPHAGE

61. PIN HEAD SPERM

62. SPERMATOCYTE

63. SPERMATID

66. SPERM COUNT 0.4 1 2 4 CONVERSION FACTORS (no. of LARGE squares counted = 4 ) DIL.SEMEN(SEMEN + DILUENT ) SPERMS PER HIGH POWER FIELD 1:50 (1 + 49 ) > 200 million 4 1:20 (1 + 19 ) 40 – 200 million 3 1:10 (1+9 ) 15 – 40 million 2 1:5 ( 1 + 4 ) < 15million 1

68. NORMAL VALUES FOR HUMAN SEMEN 50 % OR MORE LIVE VIABILITY 7 < 1 MILLION / ML WBC’s 6 15 % OR MORE NORMAL FORMS MORPHOLOGY 5 50 % OR MORE MOTILE MOTILITY 4 4O MILLION OR MORE/ ML SPERM COUNT 3 7.2 OR MORE pH 2 2.0 ML OR MORE VOLUME 1

69. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OFSPERMATOZOAL DENSITIES NO SPERMATOZOA AZOOSPERMIA AFTER SEDIMENTATION CRYPTOZOOSPERMIA 250 MILLION/ML POLYZOOSPERMIA < 20 MILLION/ML OLIGOSPERMIA 20-250 MILLION/ML NORMOSPERMIA

72. SPERM FUNCTIONS TESTS PRINCIPLE TEST ESTIMATES THE FULL INCIDENCE OF SPERMS HAVING FULL COMPLEMENT OF MITOCHONDRIA CONTAINING RESP. ENZYMES SPERM MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY INDEX TESTING THE ABILITY OF SPERMATOZOA HEAD NUCLEUS TO DECONDENSE. SPERM NUCLEAR CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION TEST. ACROSOMAL ENZYMES DISSOLVE PROTEIN & ASSESS IT UNDER PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE TEST FOR ACROSOME INTACTNESS ASSESSMENT OF MEMBRANE FUNCTION BY EXPOSING THE SPERM TO HYPO OSMOTIC SOLUTION HYPO OSMOTIC SWELLING TEST

75. THANKS BY : Dr RAVI JAIN