Presentation on role of OT in Arthritis through various joint protection techniques, energy conservation techniques and how these can be done with the support of adaptive and assistive devices.
2. DEFINITION
Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that
involves inflammation in one or more joints.
It can be classified as rheumatoid arthritis
and osteoarthritis.
3. The most common signs
and symptoms of arthritis
involve the joints.
Depending on the type of
arthritis you have, your
joint symptoms may
include:
Pain
Stiffness
Swelling
Redness
Decreased range of motion
7. this is an inflammatory form
of arthritis.
Mostly women's are affected,
mean age is 40 yr
There is symmetrical
peripheral joint involvement
In hand - deformities, ulnar
deviation, symmetrical joint
swelling
In foot- halluxvalgus, claw
toe seen
8. means arthritis that affects a
person aged 16 or less. JRA can be
various forms of arthritis; it
basically means that a child has it.
There are three main types:
1. Pauciarticular JRA, the most
common and mildest. The child
experiences pain in up to 4 joints.
2. Polyarticular JRA affects more
joints and is more severe. As time
goes by it tends to get worse.
3. Systemic JRA is the least
common. Pain is experienced in
many joints. It can spread to
organs. This can be the most
9. (Presents as a Swelling
in one joint, most
commonly Great Toe)It
is a metabolic disorder
characterized by
recurrent attacks of
acute inflammatory
arthritis—a red, tender,
hot, swollen joint.
10. Laboratory tests
The analysis of different types of body fluids can help pinpoint the type of
arthritis you may have. Fluids commonly analyzed include:
Blood
Urine
Joint fluid
To obtain a sample of your joint fluid, your doctor will cleanse and numb
your skin, and then insert a needle into your joint space to withdraw some
fluid.
Imaging
These types of tests can detect problems within your joint that may be
causing your symptoms. Examples include:
12. • The cause
• Which joints are painful
• Amount of pain
• How the arthritis affects your daily activities
• Your age
• Your work or activity
13. PATIENT EDUCATION AND PREVENTION:-
DO’S :-
1 - Pay Attention to Early Symptoms
2-Learn All About Your Type of Arthritis
3- fully understand Your Treatment Plan
4-Respect your pain
5-learnt What Triggers Pain and a Flare of Symptoms
6-Consider Lifestyle Changes
7-Protect Your Joints
8-Don't Aggravate Symptoms by Overdoing; Balance Your Life
9- Don't Give Up; There Will Be a Lifetime of Ups and Downs
14.
15.
16.
17. Always put on cushioned sport shoes
for long walk and cushioned slippers
for domestic use.
24. Stand up straight from sitting position
Avoid twisting knees and feet
While picking something wrist should be
in extension
25.
26. During mopping floor, do long forward
stroke and then pulling it close to body
Use dust mitt on both hands to
keep fingers straight
Give long sweeping, flowing strokes when
ironing
27. Do not grip and twist a dishcloth in both hands, wrap the cloth
around a tap and squeeze it by deviating radially
DONOT RINGE CLOTHS
√
28. Donot use plate grip as this encourages
ulnar deviation and ulnar drift √Do carry a plate on a flat hand
29. Donot give pressure on ulnar side while opening a door, always turn
fingers towards thumb side
√
30. Avoid leaning chin on fingers or palm
of hand
Pick cup with 2 hands instead of index
middle finger and thumb
31. Jar should be open with right hand and closed with left hand
33. While mixing something stabilize bowl
with palm of hand and against body
Use brush to scour pans
Use bookstand while reading
34.
35. 8) Tight grasp should be avoided: like while using scissors ,pliers
screwdrivers and holding spoons to mix foods
36. 9) Never begin an activity that can not be stopped immediately
if it proves to be too taxing
Sliding board should be used while
transfering from bed to wheelchair
During stair climbing, standing balance
should be adequate to allow stopping
56. Food Processors Are a Necessity:-
Rocker Knife or Specialty Knives
Simplify Cutting:-
57. Pull Up a Stool:-cooking can be a
long process, so pull up a stool to take rest
when feel pain
Crock pots Offer Convenience:-
it helps to prepare food in less time and more
simply
59. Whatever your workplace it should be organised
If you are working in
sitting position you
should sit in a proper
posture, if possible use
ergonomic chair
60. 9)LEISURE:-
Use Play card
holder
Use book stand while
reading instead of holding
books for long time in
hands
Use build up handled
gardening tools
61. Use felt tip or modified pen or pencil
While reading
newspaper both
hands should be
supported on table
62. Why exercise is vital:-
Exercise can help you improve your health and fitness
without hurting your joints. Along with your current
treatment program, exercise can:
Strengthen the muscles around your joints
Help you maintain bone strength
Give you more strength and energy to get through the day
Make it easier to get a good night's sleep
Help you control your weight
Make you feel better about yourself and improve your
sense of well-being.
63. 1)Range-of-motion exercises
These exercises relieve stiffness and increase your ability
to move your joints through their full range of motion.
These exercises can be done daily or at least every other
day.
2) Strengthening exercises
These exercises help you build strong muscles that help
support and protect your joints.
Do strengthening exercises every other day — but take
an extra day off if your joints are painful or if you notice
any swelling.
64. 3) Aerobic exercise
Aerobic or endurance exercises can improve your cardiovascular
health, help you control your weight and give you more stamina.
do 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week. can
split up that time into 10-minute blocks if that's easier on your
joints.
4) Other activities
Any movement, no matter how small, can help. Be sure to tell
your instructor about your condition and avoid positions or
movements that can cause pain.
Cont….
65. Tips to protect your joints
Start slowly to ease your joints into exercise. If you push
yourself too hard, you can overwork your muscles. This
aggravates your joint pain.
Consider these tips as you get started:
Apply heat to the joints you'll be working before you
exercise. Heat can relax your joints and muscles and
relieve any pain you have before you begin. Heat
treatments — warm towels, hot packs or a shower —
should be warm, not painfully hot, and should be applied
for about 15-20 minutes.
66. • Move your joints gently at first to warm up. You might begin
with range-of-motion exercises for five to 10 minutes before
you move on to strengthening or aerobic exercises.
• Exercise with slow and easy movements. If you start noticing
pain, take a break. Sharp pain and pain that is stronger than your
usual joint pain might indicate something is wrong.
• Ice your joints after exercising. This can reduce swelling and
pain. Use a cold pack on your joints for 10 to 15 minutes.
• Do not overdo it.
Cont….
67. 1 )FLEXIBILITY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES:
a) Back exercises:-
Knee-to-chest stretch
Lower back rotational stretch
seated lower back rotational stretch
bridging
Lower back flexibility exercise
cat stretch
68.
69.
70. Lie on your back with
your knees bent and your
feet flat on the floor (A).
Arch your back so that
your pubic bone feels like
it's pointing toward your
feet (B). Hold for five
seconds, then relax.
Flatten your back, pulling
your bellybutton toward
the floor — so that your
pubic bone feels like it's
pointing toward your
71. Position yourself on your
hands and knees (A).
Slowly let your back and
abdomen sag toward the
floor (B). Then slowly arch
your back, as if you're
pulling your abdomen up
toward the ceiling (C).
Return to the starting
position. Repeat.
72.
73. Stand behind and slightly to
the left of a sturdy chair.
With knees slightly bent
and hands on the chair for
support, slowly swing your
left leg forward and then
back, keeping your back
straight, and trying not to
arch your spine. Repeat 10
times. Move to the right side
and repeat 10 times with
your right leg.
74.
75. Standing with your arms
straight and close to your
body, roll your shoulders
forward 10 times. Then
roll back 10 times.
76.
77. Stand with your feet
shoulder-width apart, knees
slightly bent and tummy
tucked in. Reach your right
arm up and over your head
to the left side, sliding your
left arm down your left leg
to your knee. Let your body
lean into the stretch. (If you
feel any pain, you’re
reaching too far.) Hold for a
count of 10 before returning
to the starting position.
78. Lie flat with your knees
straight and legs far
apart. Roll your feet and
knees toward each other
so that you’re pigeon-
toed, then roll them out.
79.
80. Hamstring stretch. Sitting at
the edge of a chair or bed,
straighten your left leg out in
front of you and rest your heel
on the floor or a small stool.
Sit up straight, then gently
bend forward at the hips until
you feel a gentle stretch on
the back of your left leg. Hold
for 20 to 30 seconds,
breathing normally. Sit up
slowly and repeat on the
right.
81.
82.
83. Lying on your right side,
take hold of your left heel
with your left hand (use a
looped belt or towel if you
have trouble reaching). Pull
your left foot toward your
buttocks until you feel a
gentle stretch on the front
of your thigh. Hold for 20 to
30 seconds, breathing
normally. Roll to your left
side and repeat with the
right leg.
84.
85. There are two types of strengthening exercises:
.
a) Isometric exercises
For isometric exercise of the quadriceps group:- sit
with your leg straight and supported (it works well to
sit on the floor or a firm bed). Tighten your thigh
muscles (quadriceps) for 10 seconds at a time. Then
rest the muscles for a few seconds before tightening
them again. Do this for 8 to 12 repetitions, several
times a day. If this is uncomfortable in the front or
back of your knee, try placing a rolled up washcloth
or dishtowel under knee.
86. b) Isotonic exercises - It strengthen the muscles by
moving the joint. for example, straightening your knee
while sitting in a chair is an isotonic exercise that helps
strengthen your thigh muscle.
Do your strengthening exercises every other day — but
take an extra day off if your joints are painful or if you
notice any swelling.
Cont….
87.
88.
89.
90.
91. Cardiovascular (Aerobic) Exercises :
Aerobic or endurance exercises help with your overall
fitness.
They can improve your cardiovascular health, help you
control your weight and give you more stamina.
Examples of low-impact aerobic exercises that are easier
on your joints include walking, cycling and swimming.
do 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a
week. You can split up that time into 10-minute blocks if
that's easier on your joints.
92. Jogging is a kind of Cardio work outWalking- do not over do it
94. 1)Bend your fingers
Hand exercises may help improve muscle strength and joint
range of motion in people who have arthritis.
95. Start with your fingers straight and spread apart. Make a
loose, gentle fist and wrap your thumb around the outside of
your fingers. Be careful not to squeeze your fingers together
too tightly.
96. Spread your fingers apart as wide as you can and hold
that position. Slowly relax your fingers and bring them
together. Return to the open-wide position.
97.
98.
99. Rest your hand on a flat surface, such as a tabletop, with
your palm facing down and your fingers spread slightly
apart. Moving one finger at a time, slowly walk your
fingers toward your thumb. Start by lifting and moving
your index finger toward your thumb.
100.
101. Activity should be non resistive.
Give opportunities for maintenance or increase of
range of motion and muscle strength.
Avoid activity which needs prolonged static
contraction of muscles.
Take rest during activity in preventing adverse effect.
102.
103. REFERENCES
Susan B. O’Sullivan, fifth edition
Catherine A. Trombley Latham, sixth edition
John Ebnezar, third edition
S. Brent Brotzman, second edition
AOTA
Paediatry
