Blueprint for the Industrial Internet: The Architecture Originally aired July 09, 2015 To watch on-demand:

1. Blueprint for the Industrial Internet of Things:
Architecture
Stan Schneider, RTI CEO
IIC Steering Committee

2. The Future is Intelligent Distributed Machines

3. What is the Internet of Things?
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT)
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

4. World Economic Forum 2015
• The Industrial Internet will transform
many industries, including:
– Manufacturing
– Oil and gas
– Agriculture
– Mining
– Transportation
– Healthcare
• …and dwarf the consumer side
• Collectively, these account for nearly
two-thirds of the world economy

5. The Real Challenge: Span the IIoT
…the “Industrial Internet” <will> start
the next Industrial Revolution.
Joe Salvo, GE
The IIoT needs an architecture that spans
industries and unites sensor to cloud.

6. RTI Named Most Influential IIoT Company

7. RTI’s Experience
• Over $1T of IIoT designs
– Healthcare
– Transportation
– Communications
– Energy
– Industrial
– Defense
• 15+ Standards & Consortia
Efforts
– Interoperability
– Multi-vendor ecosystems

8. 180+ companies strong
Goal: build and prove a common
architecture that spans sensor to
cloud, interoperates between
vendors, and works across industries

9. 180+ Companies, 22 Countries

10. RTI’s Role in the IIC
User
Experience
Framework
Safety Team
Architecture
Team
Distr Data Mgmt
& Interoperabilty
Use Cases
Team
IIC Steering Committee IIC Staff
Legal
Working Group
Marketing
Working Group
Membership
Working Group
Security
Working Group
Technology
Working Group
Testbeds
Working Group
Liaisons Team

11. The IIC has three primary areas of activity:
Community Engagement, Technology & Security, and Testbeds
Create a market
Develop an IIoT-wide
architecture
Prove it & fund it

12. Architectural Development Process
Use Cases Architecture Standards Testbeds Products
20 Years

13. The IIC’s Development ProcessUseCases
Architecture
Standards
Testbeds
Products
2 Years
~10 presented IIRA initial release Next
release of
IIRA
3 public
~10 in
approval
process
Demos in NY
& Barcelona!

14. The IIRA
Industrial Internet Reference Architecture

15. The IIRA
• Comprehensive, high level
– Strives for breadth rather
than depth
– Establishes many key
technical guidelines
– Eliminates many approaches
– Outlines how things fit
together
• Download it here:
http://www.iiconsortium.org
/IIRA.htm
– Released June 17, 2015
– 102 pages

16. Scope
• The Industrial Internet is an internet of
things, machines, computers and people,
enabling intelligent industrial operations
using advanced data analytics for
transformational business outcomes.
• It embodies the convergence of the global
industrial ecosystem, advanced computing
and manufacturing, pervasive sensing and
ubiquitous network connectivity.

17. Document Overview
• Viewpoints
– Business
– Usage
– Functional
– Implementation
• Safety
• Security, Trust, Privacy
– Endpoint
– Communication
– Management & Monitoring
– Data Distribution & Storage
• Resilience
• Integratability,
Interoperability,
Composability
• Connectivity
• Data Management
• Analytics
• Intelligent and Resilient
Control
• Dynamic Composition &
Automated
Interoperability

18. Connectivity

19. Fundamental N2 Connectivity Problem

20. Approach: Limit N
• Choose a single standard for each purpose across
the system
– Generic Vehicle Architecture (GVA)
• Military ground vehicles
– Industrie 4.0
• Manufacturing
• Pro: N=1 eases interoperability
• Cons:
– Limits scope; chosen standards can’t support multiple
industries
– Doesn’t address legacy integration

21. Approach: Generic Paradigm Translation
• Translate paradigms
• Pros
– Flexible, general
– Scales linearly
• Cons
– Complex
– Centralized; hard to
distribute

22. IIRA Approach: Core Connectivity Bus
• Choose “core connectivity
standards”; link with
“gateways”
– Fundamentally
distributed
– Combines other
approaches
• Pros
– Can deliver
performance with
flexibility
– Scales linearly (only
have to map each
“other” to one “core”)
• Cons
– Needs very functional
core standards

23. Can Bridge Core Standards
Endpoints
Connectivity
Standards
& Protocols
Core
Connectivity
Standards
Standard
Gateways
Core
Interoperability
Functional Domain

24. Key Core Connectivity Functionality
• Data Quality of Service (QoS)
– Delivery Reliability and re-
delivery
– Timeliness Prioritize and inform
when information is “late”
– Ordering Deliver in the order
produced or received
– Durability Support late joiners,
survive failures
– Lifespan Expire stale
information
– Fault Tolerance Redundancy
and failover
• Security
– Ensure confidentiality, integrity,
authenticity, and non-
repudiation

25. DDS as Core Connectivity
The Data Distribution Service Data-Centric Standard

26. Why Choose DDS for Core Connectivity?
• Reliability: Severe consequences if offline for 5
minutes?
• Performance/scale:
– Measure in ms or µs?
– Or scale > 20+ applications or 10+ teams?
– Or 10k+ data values?
• Architecture: System lifecycle >3 yrs?
2 or 3 Checks?

27. The DDS Data Connectivity Standard
• The Data Distribution Service (DDS) is
the Proven Data Connectivity Standard
for the IoT
• Very functional
– Any language, OS
– Extensive QoS
– Security
– Publish-subscribe, request-reply, REST
– Peer-to-peer, reliable, multicast
• DDS: open & cross-vendor
– Freely available, open standard
– API and Wire spec
– 13 implementations
Interoperability between source
written for different vendors
Interoperability between applications
running on different implementations
DDS-RTPS Protocol
Real-Time Publish-Subscribe
Distribution Fabric
DDS API

28. It’s All About the Data
Data centricity enables interoperation, scale, integration
Unstructured files
Database
Data Centricity Data at Rest
Messaging middleware
DataBus
Data Centricity Data in Motion

29. DDS is Different!
Point-to-Point
TCP
Sockets
Publish/Subscribe
Fieldbus
CANbus
Queuing
AMQP
Active MQ
Client/Server
MQTT
REST
XMPP
OPC
CORBA
Brokered
Daemon
Data-Centric
DDS
Shared Data Model
DataBus

30. Data Centric is the Opposite of OO
Object Oriented
• Encapsulate data
• Expose methods
Data Centric
• Encapsulate methods
• Expose data
Explicit
Shared
Data
Model

31. Data Centricity Enables Interoperability
• Global Data Space
– Automatic
discovery
– Read & write data
in any OS,
language, transport
– Type Aware
– Redundant
sources/sinks/nets
• No Servers!
• QoS control
– Timing, Reliability,
Redundancy,
Ordering, Filtering,
Security
Shared Global Data Space
DDS DataBus
Patient Hx
Device
Identity
Devices
SupervisoryCDS
Physiologic
State
NursingStation
Clou
d
Offer: Write this
1000x/sec
Reliable for 10 secs
Request: Read this 10x/sec
If patient = “Joe”

32. Data-Centric Integrated Security Model
• Per-Topic Security
– Control r,w access for each
function
– Enforce each dataflow
• Complete Protection
– Discovery authentication
– Data-centric access control
– Cryptography
– Tagging & logging
– Non-repudiation
– Secure multicast
– 100% standards compliant
• No code changes!
• Plugin architecture for
advanced uses
• Topic Security model:
– PMU: State(w)
– CBM: State(r); Alarms(w)
– Control: State(r), SetPoint(w)
– Operator: *(r), Setpoint(w)
CBM AnalysisPMU Control Operator
State Alarms SetPoint

33. Unit DataBus
Unit DataBus
Sensor-to-Cloud Bus
• Connect…
– Fast
– Seamless
– QoS controlled
– Secure
– Data centric
• Across 80 Platforms…
• Over 12 Transports Intelligent
Machines
Intelligent
Systems
Intelligent
Industrial
Internet
Cloud DataBus
Site DataBus
Intelligent
System of
Systems
Unit DataBus
Sens
e
Act
Thin
k
HMI
Machine DataBus
Thin
k
HMI
Machine DataBus
Sens
e
Act
Thin
k
HMI
Machine DataBus
Hide
Sensor-
Cloud
complex
topology
behind a
single
logical
DataBus

34. Large Systems Need Subsystems
• Bridge
– Data models
– Protocols
– Security
domains
• Isolate
subsystems
– Control
export
– Filter access
– Translate
models
Other
protocols
Routing Service
Pluggable Adapters
Transformation Engine
System
Super System
Subsystem
Subsystem
Subsystem
Subsystem

35. Edge + Fog + Cloud = “Mist”
The Edge “Fog”
Fast, Scalable, Secure, QoS control
Physical Cloud
(public or private)
DDS can connect apps in the cloud, or even between clouds
Monitorin
g &
Collection

36. Data Centricity Patterns
• Publish-Subscribe
• Request-Reply
• Queuing
2004
2015
2013

37. Architectural Use Cases
Spanning the IIoT
©2015 Real-Time Innovations,
Inc.

38. Use Cases Drive the IIRA

39. The IIoT in Microcosm: Ultrasound Imagers
1991 2015

40. Transform Product Architectures
”BK Medical is truly redefining
Medical Ultrasound Imaging
The traditional single user /
single system approach is being
replaced with fully scalable and
distributed multi-user systems
…we selected the RTI Connext
DDS middleware as this gives us
all the flexibility and the
abstraction layer needed for the
future of Analogic Ultrasound”
-- Jesper Lomborg Manigoff, VP of
Engineering, Analogic Global
Ultrasound

41. Back office
Device net,
could be
wireless
View
anywhere
Cloud-based
analytics
Core
connectivity
standard

42. DataBus
Distributed Ultrasound
Private cloud
Public cloud
Raw
Image
Secure

43. Provide a Common Platform
Revolution®
"GE Healthcare chose the DDS
standard because it can handle many
classes of intelligent machines.
RTI Connext DDS satisfies the
demanding requirements of our
devices and supports standardization
on a single communications platform
across product lines."
-- J Gustavo Perez, General Manager for
MI&CT Engineering

44. Improve Safety by Connecting Devices
• Hospital error is the 6th
leading cause of
preventable death
• The Integrated Clinical
Environment (ICE)
standard specifies
interoperability for
medical devices
• RTI Connext DDS ties
together many classes of
devices from many
vendors
“RTI Connext DDS met all our needs – whether
we’re handling 12 patients, or 200.”
-- DocBox Founder, Tracy Rausch

45. Patient Monitoring
Data Bus
Supervisory
Services
Patient Mgmt
Device Mgmt
Systems Health
Interaction
Checking
Logging
CDS
Algorithm
#1
Lab
Data
SPO2 CO2
Patient
Hx
Infusion Pump
Settings
IV Pump
Control
Infusion Pump
Measured
Values

46. CDS Data Architecture
Room Domain
Central Domain
Admin Domain (Cloud)
Patient Monitoring Devices
Workstations,
Storage, Historian
Gateway, IX, Enterprise, 3rd Party

47. CDS System of Systems

48. Integrate System of Systems
1000s of patients, >100k devices

49. Control Mission-Critical Operations
• NASA KSC uses RTI for the
launch control SCADA for
Orion
• RTI delivered 300k points,
at 400k msgs/sec with 5x
the required throughput,
at 1/5 the needed latency
• Launch control, in-flight
monitoring, UAV tracking
ground station, LPD
recovery ship…all run RTI
DDS
• DDS connects thousands of
sensors and actuators

50. Large-Scale Real-Time Processing
• Sensor data captured to both
Recording Services (for forensic use)
and Persistence Service (for durability)
• Multicast batching from 1000s of
sensors with many small samples;
keeps interrupt load down
• Sensor data viewable in real-time (after
time-based filtering) on the HMIs
• RS-RS bridge used for encrypted data in
motion, between the event platform
and control
Real-Time Monitoring Domain
DTLS Encrypted Bridge
Routing Service
Recording Services
(across multiple nodes)
HMI
HMI
HMI
Event Domain (unencrypted)
Recording Services
Sensor(s)
Persistence
Service
Persistence Service
Event Domain
Event Domain
Event Domain
Event Domain

51. Handle Links from Data Center Pipes to
Unreliable Wireless
• Data centers and video
switches set DDS QoS for
extremely fast transport
• NASA sets DDS QoS for low-
bandwidth, high-delay, lossy
space-earth communications
• QoS-controlled middleware
communicates over any link

52. Connect Edge to Cloud
• Eze delivers financial trading software to more than 1,500 buy-
side and sell-side institutions in 30 countries
• DDS will be the core middleware for the Eze financial trading
platform
• With Routing and Queing services, DDS connects scalable cloud
analytics with fast edge feedback
Analytics
Connext TCP (WAN)
Client
Client
Client
Client
Logging
Redundant, Load-Balanced
Reliable Multicast
Data Center Cloud
Gateway
Processor
Gateway
Processor
Gateway
Processor
Gateway
Processor
Load
Balancer
(F5)
ConnextInputBus
Connext Processing Bus
Monitor
QueueQueueQueuing
Service

53. Interoperability between Subsystems
• Next-generation of
– Lockheed Aegis
– Raytheon DDG 1000
– Raytheon SSDS
– LCS (Lockheed and GDAIS)
– Raytheon LPD-17
– Many more, US and allies
• Highly distributed systems
include radar, weapons,
displays, controls
• Mix of new & legacy
subsystems
• Standards-based, data-centric
architecture breaks vendor
lock-in, drives interoperability,
and future-proofs the
architectural design

54. Enable Massive Scalability
• Raytheon uses RTI middleware
to control the new Zumwalt
DDG 1000 destroyer
• RTI DDS coordinates and
manages complex, diverse
onboard hardware and
software systems
• RTI connects hundreds of
computers, thousands of
applications, and more than
10m publish-subscribe pairs
• Data centric middleware
extends real-time scalability

55. Deliver Demanding Security
• The USS SECURE
cybersecurity test bed is a
collaboration between:
– The National Security Agency
– Department of Defense
Information Assurance Range
Quantico
– Combat Systems Direction
Activity Dam Neck
– NSWCDD
– NSWC Carderock/Philadelphia
– Office of Naval Research
– Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Lab
– Real Time Innovations, Inc.
• Objectives
– Immunize against cyberattack
and to rapidly recover when
impacted
– Determine the best
cyberdefense technologies
without impacting real time
deadline scheduled
performance
http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=79228

56. Distribute Control
• Siemens Wind Power fields farms
of 500 turbines with 100m blades
• DDS implements fast control
within turbines and gust control
across the array and reporting for
predictive maintenance

57. Modernize Critical Infrastructure
• DDS controls the 6.8 GW GC
Dam
– Largest power plant in North
America
– Fastest-responding major
power source on the Western
Grid
– Requires 24x7 operation
• DDS meets the challenges
– Extreme availability
– Wide area communications
– Multi-level routing
– High security
– 300k data values
• RTI system live since Jan 2014

58. Ultra Available Plant Control
Radar
Radar
Displays Logging
Existing SCADA
(to be replaced)
Alarming
Monitor
Interested in
many quantities
IPC
IPC
IPC
Segment Bus
Redundant
Routing
IPC
IPC
IPC
Segment Bus
IPC
IPC
IPC
Segment Bus
VPN/Firewall
Local quantity
interest
TCP (WAN)
VPN/FirewallVPN/Firewall
Control Room Bus
Control
Room
Migration
Server

59. Integrate Intelligence
• The VW Driver Assistance
and Integrated Safety
system helps avoid
obstacles, detect lane
departures, track eye
activity, and safely
negotiate bends
• The V-Charge program
demoed an auto-charging
and parking vehicle in
2014
• DDS enables advanced
reactive systems in
transportation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xQfKTAtyN
U

60. Facilitate Plug-n-Play Across Vendors
• Audi hardware-in-the-loop
simulation feeds realistic data to
components for testing
• The system offers plug-n-play
between simulation vendor
solutions
• RTI middleware enables a modular
test environment that scales to
work with hundreds of devices

61. Audi-RTI HIL Testing Architecture

62. Scalable Tracking
Legacy design:
• 12,000 tracks
• 11 servers with 88 cores
• Poor reliability and uptime
• 1.5M SLOC
• 2-8 years to develop
• Custom, proprietary
DDS design:
• 250,000 tracks
• 80% of a single core
• Full redundancy
• 50k SLOC
• Proof of concept in under a
week
• 100% standards based
“Blue Force Tracker”

63. The IIC has three primary areas of activity:
Community Engagement, Technology & Security, and Testbeds
Create a market
Develop an IIoT-wide
architecture
Prove it & fund it

64. IIC Microgrid Testbed
Goals
• Efficiently use solar, wind, & EVs
• Create an open marketplace
• Prove viability DataBus
Leads
• RTI: DDS middleware and system integration
• NI: Engineering software and hardware
• Cisco: Grid communications
Phases
1. Proof of Concept at National Instruments
2. Realistic simulation at Southern Cal Edison
3. Live test at CPS Energy San Antonio Grid of
the Future

65. Distributed Intelligence for Smart Grid
©2015 Real-Time Innovations,
The COW II will demonstrate Duke’s new
microgrid architecture (OpenFMB) with solar
& battery on a distributed intelligence
platform.

66. Field Message Bus Concept

67. The smart machine era will be the most disruptive in the history of IT
-- Gartner 2015

69. The Network Is the Grid

70. The Network is the Road

71. The Network is the Healthcare

72. The Network is the Future
• The IIoT will soon be as well defined as The Internet is today
• Common technology will replace special solutions
• The IIC architecture enables the IIoT to deliver on its promise to
inspire entire ecosystems

73. IIRA in 3.5 Minutes!
http://www.rti.com/industries/iot.html#IIRA

74. IoT Solutions World Contress
Get a 50% discount on the Full Pass by using the RTI Promo
Code before the 15th of July: WN768DTV

75. D.C. Connext Conference 2015!
• Attend one or two days
– Day 1. Connext DDS Developer Day
– Day 2. Deep Dive: Connext DDS and the IIoT
• IIoT vision
• RTI roadmap
• Customer-presented application deep dives

76. For More Information
• RTI site: www.rti.com
• Examples, forum, papers: community.rti.com
• IIC website: www.iiconsortium.org
• Free RTI Connext DDS Pro:
www.rti.com/downloads
• Email: stan@rti.com
• Connect to Stan Schneider on LinkedIn
• Follow: @RTIStan