case study

1. Online Grading System for Panilao Elementary School
Chapter 1
Introduction
Computers are getting more integrated into regular living as technology advances. At work,
education, and at home, computers are widespread. Many everyday tasks entail the use of a device or
focus on information, computer-controlled environment is a highly capable of handling and storing large
amounts of information. This may be used as another tool for creating a program such as grading
system.
Information System is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing
data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products. Information technology the study
or use of systems (especially computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending
information. Information systems can be defined as an integration of components for collection, storage
and processing of data of which the data is used to provide information, contribute to knowledge as well
as digital products. The information technology (IT) refers about that machines are used in industries.
Creating a company's communication networks, securing records and documents, creating and
managing files, assisting workers with computer or mobile device issues, and a variety of other tasks
to improve the reliability and stability of business. Information systems are all examples of computer
technology. The concept "information technology" is widely used to refer to computers and their
infrastructure, but it also refers to other forms of information transmission, such as radio and
smartphones. Letter grades have been introduced in the united states in the late 1800s. In the early
20th century, letter and percentage ratings started to replace other modes of testing in both colleges
and high schools. Though grading schemes in the united states tend to be reasonably uniform,
controversies about standardized testing and the value of grades in promoting student learning persist.
Grading system is a method used by teachers to assess student's educational performance. In
early times, simple marking procedure was used by educators. But now, a proper grading system is
followed by every educational institute. (Wilson, T. n. d.). There are different methods on how school
evaluate their students. According to many teachers and students, grading system is a good, initiative
and providing valuable advantages such as reducing score pressure, advance grading pattern,
identification of weakness and strengths, and easier studies. (Wilson, T. n. d.).
The expansion of technology has significantly benefited faculty and learners in achieving
successful paperwork outcomes. The professor or the user would be able to keep track of all of the
students' actions using this computerized program. It enables teachers to communicate the
achievements of students to parents and provide interventions that can help the pupils in their
difficulties. Also help for the enhancement of their weaknesses and provide information that students
can use for self-evaluation. Computers can be a big help to teachers who are responsible for a variety
of tasks, such as having a quicker access. This enables them to make their task easier by removing
the need for manual calculation and tracking each grade. It would enhance the accuracy and minimize
processing errors.

2. Background of the Study
Panilao Elementary School established at the year 1953 and it is located at Panilao National
Road, Pilar, Bataan. This school is one of the biggest elementary school in Pilar. They’ve been sharing
quality education for the whole 68 years.
The first school we interviewed has 1 Principal, 24 Teachers, 1 Janitor and 1 Watchman. While
the students from Grades 1-6 ranges from 700-800 pupils.
There is no assessment but before the Parent-Teacher Conference there’s a meeting for all
teachers. Since it is a modular learning the school facilities decided to part the grades by 2 and that is
30% for written works, and 70% for performance task. We have two (2) teacher respondents who
started their profession last June 2018 and their students came from Grade One and Grade Six.
In terms of giving card, it must have a Parent-Teacher Conference to talk about how they’re child
responds in class. There are certain percent and category to have awards and to have honor. Since we
are facing pandemic there are no awarding as of the moment. The objective of this grading system is
to have faster transaction and the security of each students records and to give award/credits to those
students who give their best to study. It is very important that we know the grading system that we
should use for us to have a fair judgement on our students. The importance of grading system is to
monitor the progress of the students. To easily determine the strengths and weaknesses of the pupils.
To clearly inform the parents about their children’s performance inside the classroom. To helps students
to boost their confidence and motivate them to study well. It also helps to have a quality education and
having a scholarship in the future.
St. Augustine’s School of Iba Inc. was established in 1962 St. Augustine’s School of Iba Inc. has
been using manual procedure required effort and time of teacher. To submit the grades and produced
to be deliberation and for system holder to manually input the grades in Microsoft Excel and wait the
approval of the school principal to print all the report cards after deliberation of grades. This process
encounters different problems like delay in releasing of grade, due to late submission of grades by the
teacher, and so on. On September 20, 1973, the current St. Augustine’s started operating. There were
only 17 faculty members and about 700 students on the rolls at the moment. Because of the increasing
prevalence of an English-medium school, St. Augustine's expanded and evolved quickly.
Manual procedures were used at St. Augustine's school, which took teachers’ dedication and
patience to apply the grades and generate them for consultation, and for the device owner to manually
insert the ratings and prepare for the school principal's permission before distributing any of the
progress reports after the grades have been deliberated. This procedure has a number of issues,
including a delay in publishing grades due to late submissions
Bataan Christian School (BCS) is currently using online viewing of grades. Students here can
view their grades online with the help of a web browser but like other systems it needs an internet
connection to access the web site. Their student access the system by logging in using ID number and
password. Online viewing of grade is very helpful for every student.
In the Philippines, one the common grading method that most of the schools more often to use
is that all the grades will be based on the weighted raw score of the learner's summative assessments.
The minimum grade needed to pass a specific learning area is 60. Which is transmuted to 75 in the
report card. The lowest mark that can appear on the report card is 60 for Quarterly grades and final
grades. For these guidelines, the Department will use a floor grade considered as the lowest possible
grade that will appear in a learner's report card. In grading period, there is one Quarterly Assessment
but there should be instances for students to produce Written work and to demonstrate what they know
and can do through performance tasks. There is no required number of Written work and performance

3. tasks, but these must be spread out over that quarter and used to assess learner's skills after each unit
has been brought (Llego, M. A., 2021)
Researchers decided to create Online Grading System for Panilao Elementary School such a
system to help l-12 school, teachers, and students. The system will simplify and reduce the time spent
for inputting grades. Advantage of this system is the capability in providing faster transaction and
secured information. Incorporating an information system can be very beneficial to enterprises, as it
aids in the management of both internal and external operations. Grading system would be better
organized and make smoother and easier access. Teachers would be able to monitor all of their data
and increase the efficiency with their operations. Some schools are already using an advance grading
system, grades can be seen online by the use of computer that needs to connect to the internet.
Through the lack of advancement of other school, we wanted to build such a scheme that would ease
and shorten the time it takes to enter grades, to assist elementary school teachers and students.
Statement of the Problem
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Grading system are one of the effective ways on how to assess and evaluate all the
student in a certain schools or institution. It helps many teachers and even student in order for them to
discover their strength and weaknesses that will help them to find a better future for them. The
researchers decided to conduct a research about the grading system of grades 1 to 12 because the
researchers observed that even though this grading system benefited a lot in computing the evaluated
grade of the students, there are still some errors and malfunctions happening in this system. Teachers
must adjust and understand student situation if their grades are not qualified. Manual writing of grades
in report card. Computation of grades is another problem.
1.2.1 General Problem
The main problem of this study is how to improve the manual process of grading system.
The monitoring for performance task through module or video. The main problem of this system
is that, we do not know who really do the task that we assigned to them. The study's hardest
issue is how to enhance the manual grading procedure. This system must be easy to use and
access at the same time.
1.2.2 Specific Problems
 How to create a webpage that still secure information or records?
The information or records in Microsoft Excel from the system
holders can be easily edit or modify by the holders. Every information is
needs to secured and no one should be able to modify it without the
approval or permission of the principle.
 The student’s information is important and it is also important for the student
who does not want others to see their records. The student’s privacy needs
to be secured so that others cannot see it.

4.  How to create a webpage that will enlist the student
This will allow the user to input some of their information including
their name, address, email, and so on to identify the identity and record
some of the data of the user and to ensure that no one else can view the
data of this user.
 How to create a webpage that will generate timely reports
The system holder to create a summary of the record manually which
is time consuming if all information is encode in Microsoft excel one by one.
Due to the upcoming number of students, teachers or admins might be tired
of listing and writing their information and have it in Excel.
 How to input grades of the students
Teachers must do it in Excel by major and year and import in the
system for faster transaction. It helps teachers to input more grades at a
time.
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.3.1 General Objective
The main objective of the study is to improve web-based grading system for the K-
12 students that will help the teachers and admins for the transaction. Due to this
pandemic, teachers are adjusting in all terms. We, as a researcher, think of the solution
to this problem and it is by improving the grading system that fits to the new normal study.
We decided to propose a system that can provide fast and reliable sources, information
to every teacher. The general objective of this study is to improve the web-based system
for the elementary and secondary school that can help the teachers and the students for
Online Grading System for Panilao Elementary School.
1.3.2 Specific Objective
The objective of this grading system is to have faster transaction and the security
of each student information and record. The system has enrollment, viewing of grades,
and assessment. Researcher wants to aim a user-friendly, easy access and time saving
system that can help every person inside the school.
 Creating a secure webpage of information or records
Create a website with a method that gathers information from users,
along with a textbox for the user's chosen password and a textbox for the
user's email address.

5.  Create a log in webpage
Username and Password is necessary for old student. While New
enrollees must be registered first before entering this webpage.
 Create registration web page
Inputting of information for new student/enrollee.
 Create Admin web page
Only admins can access to this webpage. It is to receive and input
students grades in website. This website where you can have the
approval of registration, if you don’t have any existing problem with
the school.
 Create student web page
Student can access this one. One student ID, one account. They can
view their grades, billing, and they can take assessment for the whole
semester. Only enrolled student can log in.
 Create teacher web page
It is the teacher webpage where they can Import their grades in Excel
and they must have the list for double checking. They can send the
final grade to the admin once their done.
 Log out
The three (3) webpages Admin, Student, and Teachers must have
this for security purposes.
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is primarily focused on the errors and things that needs to improve in the grading
system of grades 1 to 12. The researchers aim to know what are the errors and malfunctions that the
teachers encounter when they are currently using the system and with that, the researchers will come
up with the idea of improving the grading system in accordance to the errors and malfunctions given by
the teachers interviewed. This interview will be conducted in different schools. The coverage of this
interview will be held only to those teachers, elementary and senior high school students.
Scope
 The proposed study will provide a log in module that will have levels of
access
 The user must input their username and password
 The new user must register
 User’s functionality depends their level of access which can define by
admin, teacher and student
 The student can view grades every grading
 The student also can view their subject they already taken
 The proposed study will provide the complete list of the student enrolled

6.  The proposed study will provide a generating report for the student
enlistment and enlistment grade
 The student can achieve a privacy
 The system employs a computer interface to conduct the analysis and auto-
grading of objective queries.
Limitation
 Importing of records and grades in Excel
 No password recovery
 Students can’t view, edit and print other’s student account
 Teachers can’t open other students grades when they are not covered
Significance of the study
The beneficiaries are the students, faculty, school, researcher. These research aims to know the
errors and things that needs to improve in the grading system to help everyone in the field of education.
The researchers aim to make this research successful because it will greatly benefit all the educational
institutions for their additional information and will also give the students an idea about how their grades
being evaluated.
Students
Benefits of this online grading system for students are time saving, less hassle, and
accessible because they can view and see their grades even at home.
School
They are one of the schools who’s adapting to the new normal viewing of grades. Also, it
is helpful for them in terms of records and student information.
Faculty
Online grading system is helpful for faculties/admins/teachers because they can input
students grades faster. One of the benefits of this is the faster transaction in billing, enrollment, and
clearance.
Researchers
This study served as training ground for the researchers because they put effort, they
learn, and explore things will creating this system. It helps them to improve and know the truth if they
will create a system for business.

7. Chapter 2
Conceptual
The researcher decided to conduct a research on what are the errors and malfunctions that the
teachers encountered in a grading system of Grades 1 to 12. In order to get this information, the
researcher will conduct an interview to specific population of teachers and students in a specific
educational institution. There are few transactions but important to talk that our respondents given:
Parent – Teacher Meeting and Awarding. First, let’s talk about the Parent- Teacher Meeting. It is an
important meeting for the teachers to have the evaluation of the student performance to the whole
grading. It is important also for the parents to know if their child need to enhance their knowledge and
participate in class. And the other problem is the awarding, we all know that we are struggling in
pandemic. Awarding is not applicable because we know that other parents has been tolerating their
child for not doing the assigned task or performance to them. The new normal way of presenting
performance is not hundred percent student performance. For those respondents who’s a professional
teacher this problem may result to misunderstanding. This chart below shows the different errors that
most of the teachers encountered in the grading system they are using. This chart below shows that
independent and dependent variable base on the case study the researcher chooses.
Related Literature
In Philippines, DepEd release the standard grading system that school must follow. It is divided
into performance task, written works, and quarterly exams. Stated below are the different sites we used
for information. They use this grading system for fairness and unity in giving grades. They also think
that dividing activities is helpful for students to cope up if they’ve missed one of these. References:
A certain Administrator, Faculty, and Students must have the permission of the assign Admin to
edit the information gathered in the system. Once logged in, a member can see the profile system with
his or her profile information. (Gregorio et. al, 1976) Letter grades were first used in the United States
in the last part of the 19th century. Both colleges and high schools began replacing other forms of
assessment with letter and percentage grades in the early 20th century. While grading systems appear
to be fairly standardized in the U. S., debates about grade inflation and the utility of grades for fostering
student learning continue. Universities have always evaluated students, but the modern grading system
did not always exist. In fact, in the 18th century, there was no standardized means of evaluating
students, and certainly no means by which student performance at one institution could be easily
compared with student performance somewhere else. It was in the first part of the 20th century that
American elementary and high school education also began using standardized grading systems.
Reference: Review of Related Literature. (2016, Aug 11).
In this study, researcher has 3 websites that is offering online grading system those are (1)
Bataan Peninsula State University, (2) Eastwoods Professional College of Science and Technology,
and (3) Philippine Women’s University. Researchers noticed that they have different kinds of format,
style, security, and transaction with online grading system. those examples are proofs that this online
grading system is less hassle, saves time, accessible especially when you have internet connection.

8. Chapter 3
Methodology / Project Development
In this chapter we chose this kind of SDLC for easier understanding. It includes Planning,
Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Maintenance. Since the grading system is already in use, we
come up with this improved and faster transaction in this system in the help of this phases in SDLC.
Planning this stage is where researchers plan the discrete activities inside the system, clear objective
or goal of the system, the person needed, budget and the back up plans for unwanted errors of online
grading system. Making sure that we plot every detail. In this stage, researcher planned through video
call, group chat message, and email to have the target system and they gather information in different
school.
Analysis it is the documented part of our study. This includes researcher’s new normal interview which
is via google forms also they conducted a face-to-face interview for more information. Analysis stage
where strategies, brainstorm, schedule of passing the output, definition of each chapter, and the flow
of the system are being tackled.
Design since it is the blueprint of the online grading system, the researcher made a chart for
visualization. This stage is to present the requirements, and decisions made during the planning phase.
They research first for the example and each of them tried to create a diagram using ERD and Context
Flow Diagram.
Implementation the researcher’s system is already built, tested and installed. It is to know if the online
grading system is a user-friendly, accessible, will benefit for both student and teachers. They tested it
in their own and make it simple and neat.
Maintenance this stage is to maintain the productivity of this grading system even years may pass. It
will be applicable if the new improved system is working and built. Lastly, this stage where they thin for
the improvement and how they can maintain the claims that this online grading has.
This SDLC helps the researcher for knowing and improving this online grading system strength
and weakness while doing this system.