Ebd1 lecture 3 2010

General Studies 1 (Community Dentistry1) Dr Nizam Abdullah Introduction to Statistics

Content of this lecture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Statistics ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2 Broad areas of statistics ,[object Object],[object Object]

Why should I study Statistics? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Statistics in dentistry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Statistics in dentistry (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

(Williamson et al ., 1986) “ The study assessed 30 medical journals (including BMJ, JAMA, N Engl J Med, CMAJ, The Lancet , ….) involving 4,235 articles … Only 20% met the assessor's criteria for validity …..”

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Data & Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object]

What is a variable? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 case 1 case One variable One variable

Types of Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Nominal scale (Qualitative) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nominal scale (example) ,[object Object],[object Object],In this example, the number 1 is assigned to Male and the number 2 is assigned to Female. We can just as easily assign the number 1 to Female and 2 to Male. The purpose of the number is merely to name the characteristic or give it identity. The only mathematical operation we can perform with nominal data is to count.

2. Ordinal scale (Qualitative) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ordinal scale (example) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],-12% -16%

3. Interval scale (Quantitative) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Interval scale (example) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4. Ratio scale (Quantitative) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ratio scale examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Importance of scales of measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ebd1 lecture 3 2010

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