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Designing and optimising a glass curtain wall facade
1. Australia | China | Hong Kong | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom
www.inhabitgroup.com
Designing and optimising
a
Glass curtain wall façade
2. • Façade
• Building Maintenance & Cleaning
• Building Physics
• Acoustics
• Lighting
• Adelaide
• Beijing
• Brisbane
• Chengdu
• Dubai
• Hong Kong
• Jakarta
• London
• Melbourne
• Perth
• Shanghai
• Shenyang
• Shenzen
• Singapore
• Sydney
3. Premier Tower
Melbourne
Wanjing, Soho, Beijing
Qatar Rail Metro Stations
Pentermina tower
Jakarta
Gilan Tower Baku
Nova Victoria LondonNAICM - Mexico
Omkar 1973
Mumbai
Ice Picture Musuem Harbin
Gilin Tower
Baku
4. Stella Maris
Saadiyat Mall Abu Dhabi
Blue Water Retail
Boulevard HeightsEntisar TowerMarina
Gate
One Zabeel
Palm Mall Hotel
DIFC retail Spine
Boulevard
Crescent
5. Contents
1. Design optimisation of glass on high rise buildings:
Case study – Entisar Tower
2. Overview of performance requirements: Structural, thermal, acoustic,
light transmission and meeting Dubai Municipality regulations
3. Assessing new technologies: 2nd generation cold bending, insert layers
and coatings
6. Australia | China | Hong Kong | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom
www.inhabitgroup.com
1. Design Optimisation
Case study – Entisar Tower
16. Australia | China | Hong Kong | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom
www.inhabitgroup.com
2. Overview of performance
requirements
17. Statutory requirements
Dubai Municipality Regulations 2014 edition has implemented several
design constraints categorised as follows:
• Thermal performance and light transmission
• Glazing orientation
• Natural ventilation
• Air tightness
• Acoustics
The Dubai Civil Defense regulations have implemented constraints with
respect to façade areas of works to improve building safety. These are:
• Passive Fire Protection Strategies
• Balconies and Windows
18. Energy compliance
102.02 Energy Compliance Method
Elemental method (Prescriptive)
304.04 Façade Orientation
401.05 Natural Ventilation
405.02 Views
501.01 Thermal Performance
501.05 Air Leakage
Energy model
19. Glazing Orientation – 304.04
Requirements for glazing orientation
Reference document
Requirement for Maximum
% Glazed surface North
facing
Additional requirement if north faced glazed
surface requirement is not met
Regulation 304.04 > 50%
Shading devices or similar on south and west
facade
Practice guide > 60%
Shading devices or similar on south and west
facade
20. Natural ventilation 401.05
Requirements for natural ventilation
Comply with DM article (13)
Area % operable area
Residential 10%of room area to be operable
Service 5% of service area
21. Thermal performance and
light transmission 501.01
% of vision area compared to
the building facade
Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission
< 40% 0.40 (max) 2.1 W/m2K (max) 0.25 (min)
40% - 60% 0.32 (max) 2.1 W/m2K (max) 0.25 (min)
> 60% 0.25 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) 0.1 (min)
Thermal requirements for glazing - general areas
Thermal requirements for glazing – shop front
Area Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission
Other than ground floor 0.76 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) -
22. Thermal performance and
light transmission 501.01
Thermal requirements for spandrel areas
Area Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission
All areas including glazed
spandrels
N / A 0.57 W/m2K (max) N / A
Thermal requirements for skylights
% of vision area compared to
the roof area
Shading coefficient SC U-value Light Transmission
< 10% 0.32 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) 0.4 (min)
> 10% 0.25 (max) 1.9 W/m2K (max) 0.3 (min)
23. Air tightness
Requirements for air tightness
Reference Document Acceptable Air Leakage Limit
Regulation 501.05 10 m3/hr m2 at a pressure difference of 50 Pa
24. Acoustics 403.01
Internal Noise
level Requirement
Leaq day Leaq night Lamax night NR Code
Habitable rooms 35 30 45 - UK Regs Doc E
Office (closed) - - - 35 BS 8233
Office (Open plan) - - - 38 BS 8233
Requirements for natural ventilation
Comply with UK regs doc E / BS 8233
25. Civil Defence - Passive fire protection
strategies
Requirements for fire protection
Criteria Clause Requirement
Fire stop / smoke seal 3.2.4.6 To match floor rating. Typ 2Hrs
Opening separation 3.2.4.3 1hr of 915 mm of 1Hr separation required
Fire testing
Curtain wall will require fire testing – fire consultant
to liaise with DCD with respect to details
26. Australia | China | Hong Kong | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom
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3. Assessing new technologies
27. 50% LT
SC < 0.3
Glass low iron
Triple silver
multifunction low e
Glass fritted
Building has light wells 30% LT
SC < 0.3
Reflective glass
Aluminium
spandrels
Glazing – current / recent past
28. Cold bent – Glass – First generation
Strasbourg station
• Glass bent in the
autoclave and
SG retains the
warp
29. Ocean heights First high rise cold bent in the worldICA building NY
Cold bent - Glass
30. Cold bent – Glass – Second generation
Meydan Bike Station – AE7 Architects
• In Meydan Bike station warp
limits are increased by
warping before applying the
IGU silicone and then
retaining shape with
template until installation
40. • Multi colours now
available
• Multi layers now
available
Harlem Hospital New York
HOK - PPG -J.E. Berkowitz
Frit printing - Digital – multi coloured
41. • Body tinted glass – more subtle /
transparent colours now
available
Novartis forum Phase 3
Deiner Architects - Schott glass
Coloured glass
