Psychiatric Social Work - Introduction to Mental Health Disorders.

3. WHO, “Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well being, and not merely
the absence of any disease or infirmity in an
individual”

5.  WHO, “The capacity of an individual to form
harmonious relationship with others and to
participate in and contribute constructively
to changes in the social environment”.
 Meninger defines, “The adjustment of human
beings to the world and to each other with
the maximum of effectiveness and
happiness”.

6.  Mental illness can occur when the brain is
not working well.
 One or more of its 6 main functions will be
disrupted.
 Thinking
 Perception
 Emotion
 Behavior
 Physical
 Signaling

7.  Find out the difference between mental
illness and mental retardation.

9.  Neurosis also known as Psychoneurosis
 It refers to minor mental disorders
 They are characterized by inner struggles
and certain mental and physical disturbances
 Clinically, Psychoneurosis implies a bodily
disturbance without ant structural or organic
defect.
 The patient is unable to understand but
nevertheless, he realizes that something is
wrong with him/her.
 Ex: Phobia, Stress related disorders

10.  Psychosis refer to insanity or madness.
 Psychosis are major personality disorders
marked by gross emotional and mental
disruptions.
 These diseases make the individual incapable
of adequate self management and
adjustment to society.
 Ex: Personality disorders, mood disorders,
and so on.

11.  Prepare a chart on the differences between
Neurosis and Psychosis and bring it to next
class.

12.  Psychiatric disorders are classified mostly on
the basis of symptoms. Sometimes on the
basis of etiology.

13.  To make generally acceptable diagnosis
 To facilitate communication between
psychiatrists, other doctors and other
professionals
 Leading to better treatment planning
 To make framework for research in
psychiatry.

14.  CLASSIFICATION – placing a clinical condition
into a category based on shared
characteristics.
 MULTIAXIAL SYSTEM – A classification system
that has multiple dimensions.
 DIAGNOSIS – the conclusion reached
concerning the nature of a patient’s problem,
based on clinical observations.
 ETIOLOGY – the cause(s) or Origin(s) of a
condition.

15.  SYNDROME – a group of signs and symptoms
that together indicate or describe a disorder.
 DISEASE –A definite pathological process
having a characteristic set of signs and
symptoms.
 DISORDER – a derangement or abnormality of
function; a morbid physical or mental state.
 ILLNESS –refers to the feelings that might
come with having a disease.
 SYMPTOMS – refers to an observable behavior
or state.

16.  1796 – Edinburgh physician William Cullen attempts to
classify mental disorders using an approach based on
biologists’ systems for classifying plants and animals.
 1879 – English psychiatrist William Maudsley suggests
classifying mental disorders in terms of identifiable
symptoms.
 1883- German psychiatrist Emil Kreapelin published the
first edition of an influential textbook that describes and
classifies several mental disorders.
 6th edition of the International Classification of Diseases,
injuries and causes of death is published and includes for
the first time a section devoted to mental disorders.
 1980 – the 3rd edition of the APA’s Diagnostic and Statiscal
Manual is published.

17.  International Statiscal Classification of
Disease and Related health problems – 1992
 Developed by the World Health Organization
 Mostly used in Europe, Africa and Asia
 The chapter ‘F’ classifies psychiatric disorder
as a mental and behavioral disorders and
codes them on an alphanumeric system from
F00 to F99.

18. Code
number
Mental disorders
F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders
F10-F19 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use
F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal & Delusional disorders
F30-F39 Mood (Affective) disorders
F40-F49 Neurotic, stress - rapid & somato-form disorders
F50-F59 Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances &
physical factors
F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality & behavior
F70-F79 Mental Retardation
F80-F89 Disorders of physiological development
F90-F98 Behavioral & emotional disorders with onset usually occuring in
childhood and adolescence
F99 Unspecified mental disorders

19.  Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) – two symptom
patterns that seemed to hang together and
recur.
 Ex: Dementia praecox (Schizophrenia) and
manic depressive insanity (Bipolar)
 The APA’s multiaxial classification system
(DSM) is currently so widely accepted .

20.  Published in 2000 by American Psychiatric
Association, US
 5 axes
 Provide information about the biological,
psychological and social aspects of a person’s
condition.
 It is used worldwide and mostly used for
research purposes.

21.  Axis I – Clinical Psychiatric Diagnosis
 Axis II – Personality disorders and MR
 Axis III – General medical conditions relevant to
a case
 Axis IV – Psycho-social and environmental
problems
 Axis V – Global assessment of functioning (GAF)
rating scale from 1 to 100.
 100 – no symptoms – superior functioning
 60 – moderate symptoms or moderate difficulty in
social, occupational or social functioning.
 10 – persistent danger of severely hurting self or
others

22.  Find out the differences between ICD and
DSM