3. History
AncientPeriod:Orthoshastra, Ramayana,
Mahabharata : conducting surveillance over the
activities of ministers, civil, and military officials
Manu said, “People having good knowledge of local
people should be appointed as police, who will better
administer and order situation.”
Medieval Period: In Mughal period,
1. village panchayat (Rural area)
2.Kotwali System (Urban area)
Kotwal emerged as an institution and was effective in
maintaining the law and order in cities, and was
implemented in Dhaka.
4. Kotwal System:Present day commissioner of police
Dispose of many functions of modern police
Night patrolling
Surveillance over visitors, spies and migrants
Arrest criminals
Control crime
King’s principal spy, chief intelligence officer
But Police was-
So powerful
Abuse power
Take bribe
Torture common people
Oppressive, ruthless
Arbitrary
5. BRITISH PERIOD
Crime control and maintain order was not formost task of
police
Got power to collect rent revenue
Set up police force to help the collector to extract revenue
Widely practised torture when extracting land revenue
Torture became an official practice of police
Lord Cornwallis
Introduce new police system in 1792
Darogha post was created responsible to District Judge
This system failed.
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6. CHARLES NAPIER(1843)
Inspector General of Police was the chief of
the whole province
SP was the chief of a district
Govt. had the responsibility of law and order
situation
Introduced Irish constabulary model police
Established separate police department
This model provides the basic structure of
Bangladesh police
7. COMMISSIONS
To search the causes of police torture, British Govt.
Formed three commission in different time –
The Torture Commission,1854
The Police Commission, 1860
The Fraser Commission, 1902
After controlling the Sepoys Mutiny in 1857, British
govt. directly took the governing power of Indian
Subcontinent and enacted some laws and
regulations
on the basis of recommendations of these commissions
8. ACTS PROMULGATED BY THE
BRITISH
The Police Act, 1861
The Indian Penal Code, 1861
The Chowkidar Act, 1870
The Evidence Act, 1872
The Criminal Procedure Code, 1898
The Police Regulation of Bengal, 1943
9. BANGLADESH PERIOD
After partition in 1947, Police was functioning on
the name of East Pakistan Police. Pakistan Rulers
were not sincere to reform police.
Bangladesh came into existence in 1971.
According to article 152 of Bangladesh
Constitution, Police is a disciplined force.
11. RANGES OF POLICE
1 Dhaka Range
2 Chittagong Range
3 Khulna Range
4 Rajshahi Range
5 Sylhet Range
6 Barisal Range
7 Rangpur Range
Another two Police Ranges are:
8 Railway Range
9 Highway Range
12. UNITS OF POLICE
Range Police
Police Range
Police district-64
Circle-126
Thana (Police Station)-516
Investigation Centre (IC) / Police Out-Post / Police Camp
Metropolitan Police
Division
Zone-23
Thana (Police Station)-84
Town Out-Post / Police Camp
13. ADMINISTRATION OF BD POLICE
Bangladesh Police has its own administrative
setup in both urban and rural areas.
In 64 Districts, Police has three tier
administrations under the authority of –
SP
ASP (circle)
OC (officer in charge of the police station)
15. BRANCHES OF BD POLICE
Range and District Police
Detective Branch (DB)
Tourist Police
Detective Branch (DB)Police
Traffic Police
Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
Railway Police (GRP)
Highway Police
Industrial Police
Armed Police Battalion (APBn)
Rapid Action Battalion (RAB)
River Police
SWAT
Special Branch (SB)
Immigration Police
Industrial Police
Police Bureau of Investigation (PBI)
Special Security and Protection Battalion (SPBn)
16. FUNCTIONS OF POLICE
Preventive Functions
Investigations
Interrogations
Search and Seizure
Inquiry and Report on Suicide and Unnatural
Death
Functions as Prosecutor
17. PREVENTIVE FUNCTIONS OF POLICE
Prevent misdeeds arresting suspected criminals
Arrests law violators and bring them before the
court
Section 149 to 153 of CrPC elaborate preventive
actions of police
Section 54 empowers to arrest a person on
suspicion
Thus can prevent the commission of any
cognizable offence
18. FUNCTIONS OF INVESTIGATIONS
Police is the principal state agency to investigate
criminal activities
Sections 154 to 176 of CrPC empower police to
investigate any case
Under srction 60 & 61 of CrPC , police take the
arrestee before a Magistrate
After filing an FIR, police immediately investigate
Police can seek remand to complete investigation
After investigation police serve ‘Charge-sheet’ or
‘Final Report’
19. INTERROGATION BY POLICE
For investigation Police can keep a person detained
for 24 hours, if remand granted, for highest 15
days(s/167).
S/161(2) provides directions should be followed by
Police when investigation
Section 25 of the Evidence Act,1872 provides
safeguards to a person interrogative by Police
Article 35(4) provides safeguards to an arrestee
20. SEARCH AND SEIZURE BY POLICE
Sections 96, 105 of CrPC deal with the procedures how a
search should be conducted
May search with or without warrant
Usually a Magistrate issue a search warrant mentioning some
guidelines
Search should be made in day time in the presence two
independent witnesses of the locality
If illegal search-
1. Civil or Criminal action may be filed against the police
2. May result in acquittal of the accused
Given many authorities to Make search,Order production of
documents,seize any suspicious property, call witness to attend in
the court,
21. INQUIRY AND REPORT ON SUICIDE AND
UNNATURAL DEATH
On receipt any information of death by suicide,
killed by another or suspicious death Police shall
immediately inform the nearest Magistrate
Shall Report on wounds, fractures, marks of
injury,
If any doubt, the police officer shall forward the
body to the nearest Civil Surgeon to be examined
22. FUNCTIONS AS PROSECUTOR
When any crime has been committed, the
responsibility lies with the state to bring the
culprits before a court
On behalf of the state police investigates the case
Police also helps the Public Prosecutor to conduct
the case
Actually their collaboration with each other may
come out successfully in redressing a crime
23. DILEMMA OF RAB
The Rapid Action Battalion Ordinance, 1979
RAB is a combination of following forces-
Army
Navy
Air Force
Police
Bangladesh Boarder Guard
Ansar
After the formation, RAB was praised for controlling crime.
But, very soon it started extrajudicial killing
It is a clear violation of all national and international law
So RAB has turned itself as a Frankenstien and Delimma