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CBR

          TM RENDSZEREK




Konyha Rita               2011.07.28.
CBR approaches
    Textual
    Struktural
    Conversational
                                                         (T) Dokumentációk,
                                                         FAQ, riportok…
(C) Interaktív CBR
Esetek:
kérdés-válasz párok
      REMOTER


                      (S) Előredefiniált sajátosságok
                       és értékek mentén
                      Pl. kapcsolatok készlete,
                      objektum orientált mód          COIN
Hasonlóságon alapuló
                                                  Eset alapú következtetés



                                                   Hasonlóságon alapuló
                                                      következtetés egy fajtája
                                                   2. Probléma megértése

                                                   3. Viszonya korábban

                                                      megoldott problémákhoz
                                                   4. Probléma megoldása

                                                   5. Tanulás


Az analógia a hasonlóság egy fajtája,
a hasonlóság egy határozottabb fogalmi szintje.

                                                   Case-based reasoning can be considered
                                                   a form of intra-domain analogy (Aamodt)
Cassiopee
          CaBaTa
     Ladi a Sepro Robotique -nál




                                   CBR Cycle




                                   Case Retrieval:

                                   - Nearest neighbour case matching
                                   - Decision Tree method
                                   - Knowledge guided retrieval
Alkalmazások…
     Cassiopee
         Repülőgépmotor-hibák
          felderítése
     Ladi
         Robotok
          tengelypozíciójának
          beállítása
     CaBaTa
         Utazási ajánlatok
     CompaqQuicksource
         nyomtatók
Eset alapú szoftvereszközök
                 Eclipse:
                  a szabály-alapú + eset visszakeresés
   Eclipse
                   Döntési fa segítségével  indexelés
   CBR
    Express      CBR Express (by Inference):
   ReCall         Alkalmazási   terület: help desk
   Kate            rendszer
   CBR
    Works
                 ReCall: indexelés
                 KATE: nearest neighboor method
                 CBR Works: saját CBR elkészítése
Operational knowledge (OK)
OK is a specific kind of knowledge mainly based
on individual competence and experience
developed by skilled workers during their day-to-
day acclivities
                   OK consists of individual’s competence,
                   experiences, know-how etc.




                                           Valente and Rigallo, 2003
TELECOM ITÁLIA - REMOTER
Tacit knowledge management
Cognitive map és CBR
Alkalmazás:
  hitel elemzés
Ábrázolás:
     Ok-okozati
      viszonyok
     Akció-
      reakció
      hiedelmek
Knowledge-intensive CBR
Creek – CBR System
   Az esetek mellett ún. „general domain knowledge”

   „General domain modell”: a modellbe beúsznak az
    esetek

   Ez a modell egy szemantikus hálózat, sűrű
    kapcsolatokkal
     Több különféle kapcsolati típushoz tartozik egy
      „concept”
60% “very important”
COIN                                               31% “important”
                                                   2% “unimportant”.
(Corporate Information Network)

    m   Collect                        Collect:
                                       Collect
    m   Store                          project analyzis interview
                                            PAR:
    m   Qualify (érthetőség és
        más jellemzők, létezik-e már
        ilyen eset?                       Projekt up-to-date
                                           jellemzői…
    é   Publish (kereshető)
                                          Egy hasonló
    é   Inform (értesítés)                 projektnél mire kell
                                           figyelni, veszélyek…
                                          Ami jól ment…

                                          Amit másképpen

COIN team                                  csinálna a team, ha…
INTERESTS (intelligent retrieval and
storage system)




                         EXPERIENCE FACTORY
„Human memory is story based.” (Shank)

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Case-base reasoning

  • 1. CBR TM RENDSZEREK Konyha Rita 2011.07.28.
  • 2. CBR approaches  Textual  Struktural  Conversational (T) Dokumentációk, FAQ, riportok… (C) Interaktív CBR Esetek: kérdés-válasz párok REMOTER (S) Előredefiniált sajátosságok és értékek mentén Pl. kapcsolatok készlete, objektum orientált mód COIN
  • 3. Hasonlóságon alapuló Eset alapú következtetés Hasonlóságon alapuló következtetés egy fajtája 2. Probléma megértése 3. Viszonya korábban megoldott problémákhoz 4. Probléma megoldása 5. Tanulás Az analógia a hasonlóság egy fajtája, a hasonlóság egy határozottabb fogalmi szintje. Case-based reasoning can be considered a form of intra-domain analogy (Aamodt)
  • 4. Cassiopee CaBaTa Ladi a Sepro Robotique -nál CBR Cycle Case Retrieval: - Nearest neighbour case matching - Decision Tree method - Knowledge guided retrieval
  • 5. Alkalmazások…  Cassiopee  Repülőgépmotor-hibák felderítése  Ladi  Robotok tengelypozíciójának beállítása  CaBaTa  Utazási ajánlatok  CompaqQuicksource  nyomtatók
  • 6. Eset alapú szoftvereszközök  Eclipse: a szabály-alapú + eset visszakeresés  Eclipse  Döntési fa segítségével  indexelés  CBR Express  CBR Express (by Inference):  ReCall  Alkalmazási terület: help desk  Kate rendszer  CBR Works  ReCall: indexelés  KATE: nearest neighboor method  CBR Works: saját CBR elkészítése
  • 7. Operational knowledge (OK) OK is a specific kind of knowledge mainly based on individual competence and experience developed by skilled workers during their day-to- day acclivities OK consists of individual’s competence, experiences, know-how etc. Valente and Rigallo, 2003
  • 10. Cognitive map és CBR Alkalmazás: hitel elemzés Ábrázolás:  Ok-okozati viszonyok  Akció- reakció hiedelmek
  • 12. Creek – CBR System  Az esetek mellett ún. „general domain knowledge”  „General domain modell”: a modellbe beúsznak az esetek  Ez a modell egy szemantikus hálózat, sűrű kapcsolatokkal  Több különféle kapcsolati típushoz tartozik egy „concept”
  • 13.
  • 14. 60% “very important” COIN 31% “important” 2% “unimportant”. (Corporate Information Network) m Collect Collect: Collect m Store project analyzis interview  PAR: m Qualify (érthetőség és más jellemzők, létezik-e már ilyen eset?  Projekt up-to-date jellemzői… é Publish (kereshető)  Egy hasonló é Inform (értesítés) projektnél mire kell figyelni, veszélyek…  Ami jól ment…  Amit másképpen COIN team csinálna a team, ha…
  • 15. INTERESTS (intelligent retrieval and storage system) EXPERIENCE FACTORY
  • 16. „Human memory is story based.” (Shank)

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Forrás: V alente_2004_Artificial Intelligence methods in OKM 53. oldaltól CBR approaches In CBR there are three main approaches that di ff er in the source, materials, and knowledge they use: 1. Textual CBR approach: as I said above, the fundamentals idea of CBR is to reuse knowledge obtained from earlier problem solving situations in a similar context. In practice, however, these experiences are very often stored in textual documents. Probably the best-known examples are collections of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) which are used in virtually any area. Other examples are documentations, manuals of technical equipment, reports by physicians etc. Consequentially, most CBR researcher started to address issues of textual documents under heading of Textual CBR (Lenz, 1998). In Textual CBR, existing documents are interpreted as cases containing information worth to be reused for future problem solving episodes. In the context of Textual CBR the de fi nition of an index vocabulary for cases and the construction of a similarity measure are crucial - while it is assumed that the documents themselves do exist already and adaptation is of limited useonly. Unlike, information retrieval systems, there is no a-priori domain model, but similarity measures can be introduced between the wordsoccurring in the documents. Therefore, retrieval is very similar to key words matching, but considers the similarity for document scoring. 2. Structural CBR approach: relies on cases that are described with at tributes and values that are pre-de fi ned . In di ff erent Structural CBR approaches, attributes may be organized as °at tables, or a set tables with relations, or they may be structured in an object-oriented manner. The Structural CBR approach is useful in domains where additional knowledge, besides cases, must be used in order to produce good results (Bergmann and Schaaf, 2003). 3. Conversational CBR approach: Conversational CBR is a form of inter active CBR. The users input a partial problem description(in textual form). The conversational CBR system responds with a ranked solution display that lists the solutions of stored cases whose problem descriptions best match the user's. Each case in this kind of CBR is a list of question-and-answer pairs. Thus, the system presents the user a ranked question display that lists the unanswered questions in the proposed cases. Users interact with these displays, either re¯ning their problem description, or selecting a solution to apply (Aha et. al., 2001).
  2. Forrás: Bognar_2010_tudasalapu rendszerek es technologiak Nagyne_2000_analógiás gondolkodás Aamodt_1994_CBR
  3. Hausmann_2004_The Use of Software-Tools for Case-Based-Reasoning Methods : Nearest neighbour case matching: Lehetővé teszi, hogy az új eset hozzárendelődjön specifikus kategóriájú esetekhez. Ehhez az kell, hogy találjon k számú leginkább az újhoz hasonló esetet a rendszerben. Ezután kiválasztja azt a kategóriát, melybe ezek a leginkább hasonló esetek tartoznak (a kategóriákat korábban megtanulta a rendszer). Decision Tree method : A visszakeresésnek ez a módszere azonosítja a releváns eseteket összehasonlítva a döntési fa egyes csomópontjaival. Knowledge guided retrieval: indexek vagy tudás-alapú modulok tárolnak ismereteket az esetekről, melyeket felhasználnak a visszakeresésnél, és annak ellenőrzésénél. nagy jelentõsége van egy megfelelõ hasonlósági mérõszám specifikációjának (vö. Joker, generátormodell, neuronális hálózatok, genetikai algoritmusok, Cluster-analízis). (Mesterséges Intelligenciák.word)
  4. Mesterséges intelligenciák word doksi
  5. Hausmann_2004_The Use of Software-Tools for Case-Based-Reasoning Methods
  6. Valente_2004_Remoter_an OKM System for telecommunication operators Valene_2004_CBR to suport Operational Knowledge Management ValenteFinal_2004_Artificial Intelligence methods in OKM
  7. Valente_2004_Remoter_an OKM System for telecommunication operators Valene_2004_CBR to suport Operational Knowledge Management ValenteFinal_2004_Artificial Intelligence methods in OKM
  8. Noh_2000_A case-based reasoning approach to cognitive map-driven tacit knowledge management
  9. Noh_2000_A case-based reasoning approach to cognitive map-driven tacit knowledge management
  10. Aamodt_2004_Knowledge-Intensive Case-Based Reasoning in CREEK
  11. In this case, the general domain knowledge might contain grammar rules, templates and general techniques for solving a type of problem , while the exercise-base contains problems and programs solving the particular problems.
  12. Sormo és Aamodt_2002_Knowledge communication and CBR_CREEK
  13. Tautz és Althoff_2000_A case-based reasoning approach for managing qualitative experience
  14. Althoff_2002_The indiGo project_enhancement of EM_COIN-INTEREST ábra.pdf
  15. - Shank, R. C. (1990). Tell me a story: Narrative and intelligence . Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Process