This document defines cloud computing and compares it to grid computing. It outlines cloud computing architectures including service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) and deployment models (public, private, hybrid, community). The benefits of cloud computing are almost zero upfront costs, usage-based pricing, and automatic scaling. Google Apps is used as an example of cloud computing services including email, chat and the Google App Engine platform. Key differences between grid and cloud computing are their business models, architectures, and applications. Grid computing focuses on scientific problems using HPC resources, while cloud computing runs varying applications with elastic resource demands.
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Cloud computing
1. 1
Outline
Definitions of Cloud computing
Architecture of Cloud computing
Benefits of Cloud computing
Opportunities of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing – Google Apps
Grid computing vs Cloud computing
3. 3
Definitions
Cloud computing is using the internet to
access someone else's software running
on someone else's hardware in
someone else's data center.
Lewis Cunningham[2]
4. 4
Definitions
A large-scale distributed computing
paradigm that is driven by economies of
scale, in which a pool of abstracted,
virtualized, dynamically scalable,
managed computing power, storage,
platforms, and services are delivered on
demand to external customers over the
Internet.
Ian Foster[9]
5. 5
Definitions
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed
system consisting of a collection of
interconnected and virtualised computers
that are dynamically provisioned and
presented as one or more unified
computing resources based on service-
level agreements established through
negotiation between the service provider
and consumers.
Rajkumar Buyya[10]
6. 6
Outline
Definitions of Cloud computing
Architecture of Cloud computing
Benefits of Cloud computing
Opportunities of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing – Google Apps
Grid computing vs Cloud computing
9. 9
Essential Characteristics[7]
On-demand self-service.
A consumer can unilaterally provision
computing capabilities such as server time
and network storage as needed
automatically, without requiring human
interaction with a service provider.
10. 10
Essential Characteristics[7]
Broad network access.
Capabilities are available over the network
and accessed through standard mechanisms
that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones,
laptops, and PDAs) as well as other traditional
or cloudbased software services.
11. 11
Essential Characteristics[7]
Resource pooling.
The provider’s computing resources are
pooled to serve multiple consumers using a
multi-tenant model, with different physical
and virtual resources dynamically assigned
and reassigned according to consumer
demand.
12. 12
Essential Characteristics[7]
Rapid elasticity.
Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically
provisioned - in some cases automatically - to
quickly scale out; and rapidly released to
quickly scale in.
To the consumer, the capabilities available for
provisioning often appear to be unlimited and
can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
13. 13
Essential Characteristics[7]
Measured service.
Cloud systems automatically control and
optimize resource usage by leveraging a
metering capability at some level of
abstraction appropriate to the type of service.
Resource usage can be monitored, controlled,
and reported - providing transparency for both
the provider and consumer of the service.
14. 14
Cloud Service Models
SPI Model
Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
15. 15
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
The capability provided to the consumer is to
provision processing, storage, networks, and
other fundamental computing resources.
Consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary
software, which can include operating systems
and applications.
The consumer does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure but has control
over operating systems, storage, deployed
applications, and possibly limited control of
select networking components (e.g., host
firewalls).
16. 16
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
The capability provided to the consumer is to
deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer
created or acquired applications created using
programming languages and tools supported by
the provider.
The consumer does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure including
network, servers, operating systems, or storage,
but has control over the deployed applications
and possibly application hosting environment
configurations.
17. 17
Software as a Service (SaaS)
The capability provided to the consumer is to use
the provider’s applications running on a cloud
infrastructure.
The applications are accessible from various
client devices through a thin client interface such
as a web browser (e.g., web-based email).
The consumer does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure including network,
servers, operating systems, storage, or even
individual application capabilities, with the
possible exception of limited userspecific
application configuration settings.
19. 19
Public Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is made
available to the general public or a large
industry group and is owned by an
organization selling cloud services.
20. 20
Private Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is operated
solely for a single organization. It may be
managed by the organization or a third
party, and may exist on-premises or off-
premises.
21. 21
Community Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is shared by
several organizations and supports a
specific community that has shared
concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, or compliance
considerations). It may be managed by
the organizations or a third party and
may exist on-premises or off-premises.
22. 22
Hybrid Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is a composition
of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique
entities but are bound together by
standardized or proprietary technology
that enables data and application
portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-
balancing between clouds).
24. 24
Outline
Definitions of Cloud computing
Architecture of Cloud computing
Benefits of Cloud computing
Opportunities of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing – Google Apps
Grid computing vs Cloud computing
25. 25
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Business Benefits of Cloud
Computing
Technical Benefits of Cloud
Computing
26. 26
Business Benefits
Almost zero upfront infrastructure
investment
Just-in-time Infrastructure
More efficient resource utilization
Usage-based costing
Reduced time to market
27. 27
Technical Benefits
Automation – “Scriptable infrastructure”
Auto-scaling
Proactive Scaling
More Efficient Development lifecycle
Improved Testability
Disaster Recovery and Business
Continuity
28. 28
Outline
Definitions of Cloud computing
Architecture of Cloud computing
Benefits of Cloud computing
Opportunities of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing – Google Apps
Grid computing vs Cloud computing
29. 29
Opportunities of Cloud Computing
End consumers.
Business customers.
Developers and Independent Software
Vendors (ISVs).
Saas
Saas
Saas
30. 30
Outline
Definitions of Cloud computing
Architecture of Cloud computing
Benefits of Cloud computing
Cloud computing – Google Apps
Grid computing vs Cloud computing
35. 35
Google App Engine?
Google App Engine enables you to build
web applications on the same scalable
systems that power Google applications.
App Engine applications are easy to
build, easy to maintain, and easy to
scale as your traffic and data storage
needs grow.
Easy to build
Write local,
upload server
Easy to scale
how many user,
how much data
easy to maintain 10
year (data & application)
36. 36
Google App Engine?
Cost ?
Pay only for what you actually use.
Exceed the free quota of 500 MB of storage
and around 5M pageviews per month.
Trial? 1GB store & 5M pageviews
37. 37
Create application
build an App Engine application using
standard Java web technologies, such as
servlets and JSP.
create an App Engine Java project with
Eclipse use the Google Plugin for Eclipse for
App Engine development.
use the App Engine datastore with the
Java Data Objects (JDO) standard interface.
upload your app to App Engine.
(Use SDK)
38. 38
Outline
Definitions of Cloud computing
Architecture of Cloud computing
Benefits of Cloud computing
Opportunities and Challenges of Cloud
Computing
Cloud computing – Google Apps
Grid computing vs Cloud computing
42. 42
Business model
Cloud consumption basis.
Grid project-oriented
Grid academia
or government labs
Cloud IBM,
Google, Microsoft …
TeraGrid : number
of service units
Hour, storage,
view…
44. 44
Application
Grid Computing emerged in eScience to
solve scientific problems requiring HPC.
Cloud Computing is rather oriented
towards applications that run
permanently and have varying demand
for physical resources while running.
the well-known CRM SaaS Salesforce.com.
46. 46
References
[1] Introduction to Cloud computing White paper,
Sun Microsystems, June 2009.
[2] Lewis Cunningham, Cloud Computing with
Amazon and Oracle, 2008.
[3] Michael Armbrust et al, Above the Clouds: A
Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, Electrical
Engineering and Computer Sciences
University of California at Berkeley, February
2009.
47. 47
References
[4] Jinesh Varia, Architecting for the Cloud: Best
Practices, Amazon, May 2010.
[5] John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome,
Cloud Computing Implementation, Management
and Security, CRC Press, 2010.
[6] Paul T. Jaeger, Jimmy Lin, Justin M. Grimes,
Cloud Computing and Information Policy:
Computing in a Policy Cloud?, Journal of
Information Technology & Politics, May 2010.
48. 48
References
[7] Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in
Cloud Computing V2.1, Cloud Security Alliance,
December 2009.
[8] Security Best Practices, Amazon, January 2010.
[9] Ian Foster, Yong Zhao, Ioan Raicu, Shiyong Lu,
Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-
Degree Compared, Grid Computing
Environments Workshop, 2008.
49. 49
References
[10] Rajkumar Buyya, Chee Shin Yeo, and
Srikumar Venugopal, Market-Oriented Cloud
Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for
Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities,
International Conference on High Performance
Computing, 2008.
[11] http://www.salesforce.com/cloudcomputing/
[12] http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
Notes de l'éditeur
End consumers, who mainly use the services of the SaaS layer over a Web browser and basic offerings of the IaaS layer as for example storage for data resulting from the usage of the SaaS layer.
Business customers that might access all three layers: the IaaS layer in order to enhance the own infrastructure with additional resources on demand, the PaaS layer in order to be able to run own applications in a Cloud and eventually the SaaS layer in order to take advantage of available applications offered as a service.
Developers and Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) that develop applications that are supposed to be offered over the SaaS layer of a Cloud. Typically, they directly access the PaaS layer, and through the PaaS layer indirectly access the IaaS layer, and are present on the SaaS layer with their application.
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