Efforts are being made to seek and explore the most suitable forms of management for different work setting. Some of the theories have been developed 100 years ago that provide stable framework for an organization even to today. In this unit we are going to study classical as well as modern theories which would lead us towards enhancement of productivity, job satisfaction and conducive environment of an organization. • The management theories in detail. • Principles of scientific management theory. • Principles of bureaucratic management theory. • Strengths and limitations of classical management theories. • Components of systems theory. • Behavioral approach to management. • Participate management a new model in management theories.

1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP
UNIT-2
MANAGEMENT THEORIES
IN
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
CC 6467
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra

2. EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
2
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Telegram:
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UNIT-2
MANAGEMENT THEORIES

3. INTRODUCTION
Efforts are being made to seek and explore the most
suitable forms of management for different work setting. Some of
the theories have been developed 100 years ago that provide
stable framework for an organization even to today. In this unit
we are going to study classical as well as modern theories which
would lead us towards enhancement of productivity, job
satisfaction and conducive environment of an organization.
3
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

4. MANAGEMENT THEORIES
At the end of this unit: prospective teachers can be able to know
about.
• The management theories in detail.
• Principles of scientific management theory.
• Principles of bureaucratic management theory.
• Strengths and limitations of classical management theories.
• Components of systems theory.
• Behavioral approach to management.
• Participate management a new model in management theories.
4
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
tinyurl.com/z3j85t57
Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

5. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
(Frederick tylor-an American Engineer- 1911)
Four Principles of Scientific Management Approach
1. Separate Assignments in to sub tasks.
2. Representative Duties and Train Workers
3. Screen Execution
4. Distribution of work Among Managers and Employees
5
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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Telegram:
https://t.me/duhdra

6. BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY.
Max weber’s bureaucratic management theory included two
fundamental components-organizing into a chain of command and
defining standards to help manage an organization and its
individuals. His most compelling work. “The Theory of Social and
Economics Organization” is considered as a milestone in an open
organization. He recognized that connection of four related ideas
was maintaining every social framework:
Continue…….
6
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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• AUTHORITY
• LEGITIMACY
• POWER
• AUTHORITY / MASTERY

7. BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY.
Max Weber recognized three kinds of structures of
authority and the arrangement of conviction that legitimizes any
authority.
(a) Customary Authority
(b) Alluring Authority
(c) Rational – legal Authority
Continue…….
7
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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8. BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY.
Six Principles of Bureaucratic Approach
1. Appropriate Division of Labor.
2. Hierarchy of Leadership
3. Partition of individual and Authority Property
4. Use of Consistent and Complete Rules
5. Selection and Promotion Based on Qualification
6. Training in Occupation Necessities and skills.
8
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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9. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES
These theories depend on the belief that employees have only
physical and monetary necessities- No consideration of social
needs or job satisfaction.
This viewpoint lasted from late 19th to half of the 20th
century just to streamline activities and increase profitability.
These theories lay stress on three principal ideas.
I. Hierarchical Structure.
II. Specialization
III.Incentives
(A model of autocratic leadership) Continue…….
9
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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10. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES
Strengths of classical Theories
• A reasonable structure for management
• The division of work can upgrade profitability
• Clear meaning of workers and under takings with minimal left
to my story.
Limitations of Classical Theories
(Neglecting of human and social factors)
10
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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11. SYSTEMS THEORY
This system theory by Bertalanffy changed that structure
by taking the system as a whole as a component of development
and change, with its connections with other systems.
It is based on a fundamental idea that relies heavily on
linear, cause-and-effect properties to clarify the development and
change of living organisms.
System theory is an organizational theory that takes gender
at system-o-system associations: how a field characterizes the
system determines the association idea. 11
By:
Ch.
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12. THE TERMINOLOGIES OF SYSTEMS THEORY
• System
(Wholeness unit with a separate property)
• Boundary
The boundary is what makes and defines each system one of a
kind. Each system has trademark boundary and
characterization method.
• Entrophy
Systems depend on a stream of vitality, without puts depending
on crisp inputs, a lot of faring can result in a state of turmoil,
referred to as entrophy.
Continue…….
12
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13. THE TERMINOLOGIES OF SYSTEMS THEORY
• Feed back
Trading data between the system and its condition is managed
through a procedure called feedback, an evaluation strategy
used to determine whether the out puts of the system are
consistent with the outcomes.
• Homeostasis
To put it somewhat unexpectedly, The system’s ability to adjust
to its condition through structural changes prompts conditions
of equilibrium and homeostasis, both identifying with different
kinds of parity.
13
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14. HUMAN RELATION / BEHAVIORAL THEORY
In 1940s and mid-1950s this Theory conveyed the
administrator’s consideration of the imperative pretended by
individuals in deciding an organization’s achievement or
disappointment.
Continue……. 14
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Ch.
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15. HUMAN RELATION / BEHAVIORAL THEORY
Human Relation Approach to Management
Behavioral Approach to Management
• By finding the most ideal man.
• Perfect mental condition of the workers-most qualified faculty.
• Using impacts of the mind.
• Learning Research tends to enhance training methods.
• Using Professional guidance.
15
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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16. PARTICIPATORY MODEL OF MANAGEMENT THEORY
(Focuses on decentralization)
Participatory Manager Should
• Keep subordinates aware of the circumstances.
• Keep in mind the condition of the association’s assurance.
• Be approachable.
• Guide and prepare subordinates.
• Discuss and show keenness.
• Believe on change.
• Communicate and appreciate the subordinates.
Continue…….
16
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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17. PARTICIPATORY MODEL OF MANAGEMENT THEORY
Participative Management Measures
Continue…….
17
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• BASIC LEADERSHIP
• SHARE POWER
• COLLABORATION
• INSPIRATION
• COMMUNICATION
• ASSOCIATION
• COOPERATION
• DEVELOPMENT
• ADMIRATION
• CRITICAL THINKING

18. PARTICIPATORY MODEL OF MANAGEMENT THEORY
Participative Management Style
1. Commitment
2. Mastery, Autonomy and Meaningfulness
3. Self- Management
4. Engagement
Continue……. 18
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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19. PARTICIPATORY MODEL OF MANAGEMENT THEORY
Outcomes of Participative Management
• Expanding the level of feeling or cohesiveness of “we”
• Giving members a general hierarchical Perspectives
• Expanding peoples' understanding of each other.
• Expanding free articulation of the individual’s identity
• Growing inventive and imaginative atmosphere of work.
19
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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https://t.me/duhdra

20. 20
By:
Ch.
M.Ashraf
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MANAGEMENT THEORIES

21. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
21
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Ch.
M.Ashraf
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