Police management

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Police
Management

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Styles of Policing
watchman style
legalistic style
service style

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Watchman Style:
order maintenance
controlling illegal and
disruptive behavior
considerable use of
discretion
Styles of Policing

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Styles of Policing
Legalistic Style:
committed to enforcing
the letter of the law
laissez-faire policing

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Styles of Policing
Service Style:
reflect the needs of
the community
work with social services
and assist communities
in solving problems

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Police-Community Relations
1960 s A new style of
service oriented
policing emerged.
Public-relations
officers are appointed to
Neighborhood Watch
programs, drug-awareness
workshops, etc.

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strategic policing
problem-solving
policing
community-oriented
policing
Police-Community Relations

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Contemporary Policing
The Individual Officer
Considerable discretion based on
many factors including:
background of the officer
characteristics of the suspect
department policy
community interest

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Issues and Challenges
police stress
on the job dangers
use of deadly force
public expectations surrounding
the enforcement of laws
societal change
Contemporary Policing

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Police Personality
Jerome Skolnick
Justice without Trial (1966)
Process of informal socialization
that includes six recognizable
characteristics:
conservative
cynical
hostile
authoritarian
suspicious
individualistic

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Police Culture
William Westly (1953)
Police have their
own:
customs
laws
morality

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Working Personality
All aspects of the traditional
values and patterns of
behavior evidenced by police
officers who have been
effectively socialized into the
police subculture.

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Working Personality
Characteristics of
the police personality
often extend to the
personal lives of law
enforcement officers.

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Corruption and Integrity
Power, authority, and
discretion
produce great
potential for
abuse.

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Corruption is the abuse
of police authority for
personal or
organizational
gain.
Corruption and Integrity

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Corruption
Grass Eaters:
most common form of corruption
illegitimate activity which occurs
from time to time in the normal
course of police work

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Grass Eaters
Gratuities Playing Favorites
not giving a friend a ticket

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Minor Bribes
Intentional Speeding
Grass Eaters

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Corruption
more serious form of
corruption
active seeking of illicit money-
making opportunities by
officers
Meat Eaters:

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Role
Malfeasance
Major Bribes
Meat Eaters

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Meat Eaters
protecting corrupt cops
property crimes committed by
police
burglary
theft
criminal enterprises
resale of confiscated drugs
resale of stolen property

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Meat Eaters
denying civil rights
specific acts prevent due
process
violent crimes committed by
police
physical abuse of suspects
nonjustifiable homicide

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Integrity
Promoting police integrity by:
integrating police ethics
training into programs
conducting research in the
area of ethics
studying departments that are
models in the area of police
ethics

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Drug Testing of Police Employees
National Institute of Justice - 1986
33 large police departments were
sampled.
Almost all departments had
written procedures to test
employees who were
reasonably suspected
of drug abuse.

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73 % of the departments were
testing recruits.
21 % were considering testing
all officers.
Drug Testing of Police Employees

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Dangers in Police Work

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Risk of Disease
AIDS
Hepatitis B
Tuberculosis

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Possible Ways of Transmission
from breath alcohol instruments
handling evidence of all types
handling implements such as
staples
emergency delivery of a baby
risk of bite attacks by infected
individuals
body removal
Risk of Disease

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Stress
normal component
of police work
ranks among top ten stress
producing jobs in United
States

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Serious stress
over long
periods can be
destructive and
life threatening.
Stress

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Four Types
external
organizational
personal
operational
Stress

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Stress: External
Real dangers when
answering calls:
fights in progress
possible gun play
hostage situations
high speed car
chases

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Stress: Organizational
generated by factors
like paperwork,
training requirements,
and testifying
in court

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Stress: Personal
interpersonal
relationships
among
officers

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Stress: Operational
impact of the
need to combat
tragedies
of daily urban
life

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Stress/Frustration
Reality is far
from ideal.
An arrest may
not lead to
conviction.

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Evidence may not be
admissible.
Jury may acquit.
Sentences may not
be long enough.
Stress/Frustration

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Police become
frustrated by
the inability to
be effective,
regardless of the
amount of personal
effort they put forth.
Stress/Frustration

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The suicide rate for
police officers is twice
that of the
general
population.
Stress/Frustration

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1983 Lawsuits
Title 42, Section 1983
passed by Congress in 1871
allows for civil suits to be
brought against anyone
[including police] for denying
others their constitutional
rights to life, liberty or
property without due process

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Police Use of Force
use of physical restraint
by a police officer
when dealing
with a member
of the public

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Imminent Danger Standard
restricts the use of deadly
force to ONLY those
situations where the lives
of agents or others are in
danger